European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background –An observational study has been conducted in nicu department of Paediatrics IMRCRC INDORE, MADHYA PRADESH .The incidence of diabetes in pregnancy is steadily rising, likely in parallel with the rising incidence of obesity among women of reproductive age. Women with diabetes are at increased risk for fetal complications (such as congenital malformations, fetal growth abnormalities, and stillbirth) and perinatal/neonatal complications (such as prematurity, respiratory distress, and metabolic abnormalities including hypoglycemia and electrolyte derangements).
 
Materials and methods –23 infants born to diabetic mothers are included in the study. Screening of gestational diabetes done by-,history, oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1C.
 
Outcome - Poor early glycemic control of mother during antenatal period correlates with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes including preeclampsia, macrosomia, fetal congenital anomalies, prematurity, and perinatal mortality
 
Result –23 infants were studied. Hypoglycemia(40%) being the most common complicationfollowed by hyperbilirubinemia(28%),polycythemia(12%), respiratory distress (26%), macrosomia (28%), cardiac anomalies {septal hypertrophy (21%), PDA (17%), VSD(8%)} ; cleft palate (4%), undescended testis (8%).
 
Conclusion -In this study, we found that metabolic and structural complications were more in the infants of diabetic mother with uncontrolled hyperglycemia . Monitoring glucose control and glycosylated hemoglobin (Hba1C) levels is very important to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The risk of neonatal morbidity is directly proportional to the hyperglycemia. Strict glucose monitoring is essential to detect asymptomatic hypoglycemia of neonate.