A SYSTEMIC REVIEW OF PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN PATIENT TAKING LONG TERM DIALYSIS
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine,
2022, Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 2376-2390
Abstract
Background: People living with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of depression, anxiety, frailty, high depression in chronic kidney disease patients is associated with decreased selfcare behaviour, and aim of this review is to check the association between depressions with chronic kidney disease patients. High depression prevalence is there in long term dialysis patients and affect the person life quality so our main objective of this study is to check the depression associated with the long term dialysis.Materials and Methods: Observational, qualatative, cross sectional, longitudinal, retrospective, cohart, prospective analysis and study is hospital and renal therapy unit, dialysis center based. This study took place in between year 2018- jan to 2022- jun, involving 3235 participants. following instruments is used: sociodemographic, economic and health condition characterization and the subjective frailty assessment (SFA) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and HQRoL was assesed using the kidney disease of life 36 short form, cross lagged pathway analysis, univariate analysis followed by multiple regression analysis was performed for demographical parameters, clinical conditions and laboratory test, QoL (36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), depressive state (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), grip strength, and 24-h urine volume, Depressive symptoms measured using BDI-II, Quality of Life measured using the 12-item short-form health Survey (SF-12), Hospitalizations, Mortality, Beck Anxiety Inventory, the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), the beck depression inventory (BDI) and the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).
Results: Depression is associated with the presence of frailty among patients with CKD on hemodialysis by the finding there was occurrence of physical frailty (73.8%) and depression (93.7%), patients with poor HRQoL were at risk of more symptoms of depression, Biochemical abnormalities like abnormal serum phophate, parathyroid hormone level are related to depression, there is high Qol and recovery by peritoneal dialysis from cognitive failure than patient on hemodialysis. Anxiety symptoms are independently associated with increased risk for mortality and 1-year hospitalization, fitting factorial structure for the Beck-Depression Inventory-II (BDI), in dialysis patients and to assess the relation of these structure dimensions with quality of life (QoL), hospitalization, and mortality by the results median follow-up time was 3.0-3.5 years, during that time 25% deaths occurred. 22% of patients had anxiety symptoms and 42% had depressive symptoms, A higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was found in immigrant compared to native patients (49% vs. 36%), Depression and anxiety were significantly associated with females, low level of education, increased patients' age, retirement, poor financial situation, marital status and co-morbidity by the result 29.4% had depression and 35.9% had anxiety, also Patients with high levels of anxiety had higher levels of depression and those with high depression scores had higher anxiety scores.
Conclusion: The evidence from eight studies gives idea about the depression related to chronic kidney disease patient on dialysis; our review gives idea about the relation depression, anxiety, frailty with the ckd patients on dialysis. High quality studies required to examine depression in dialysis patient.
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