European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: When distant metastasis first appears, axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) is frequently the first detectable clinical sign of breast cancer. The goal of this study was to investigate the ALNM-influencing components and create models that may foretell its presence before surgery.
Methods: This two-year prospective observational study was carried out at the Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Bihar, India, in the Department of Surgery. 50 patients who presented with invasive breast cancer between two years were included in the study.
Results: The majority of the patients (34 percent) were between the ages of 41 and 50, with a mean age of 51.18 ± 11.93 years. The left breast was more afflicted (62%) than the right breast (38 percent). The majority of the cases (70 percent) had tumours that were 5 cm in size, with a mean size of 4.65 ± 1.89 cms. The majority of the patients (62%) were Bloom Richardson (BR) Grade II, and 24 percent were ER and PR positive. Lymphovascular invasion was found in 74% of the cases. The tumour size and lymph node involvement had a substantial positive connection. There was a significant association between NPI score and tumour size, positive lymph nodes, and BR grade. The mean NPI scores in patients with lymphovascular invasion were 4.92 ± 1.05, compared to 4.83 ± 0.93 in patients without lymphovascular invasion (p=0.779). The mean NPI scores in ER-, PR- patients were somewhat higher (4.91 ± 0.94) than in ER+, PR+ patients (4.76 ± 1.19) (p=0.778).
Conclusion: The results of the current investigation show that the prognosis is inversely correlated with the size of the primary tumour and the number of lymph nodes that are positive. The size of the tumour as T and axillary lymphadenopathy as N form an essential part of TNM staging and are of utmost importance for their role in treatment decisions and for their ability to illustrate prognosis in patients with invasive breast cancer, despite advancements in diagnostic modalities, evolution of newer markers, and genetic typing.