European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: The incidence of vitreous hemorrhage is approximately 7 per one lakh population. It is considered the most frequent cause of temporary or permanently reduced eyesight. Even though vitreous hemorrhage diagnosis is frequently simple, therapy is determined by determining the underlying cause. The current study aimed to determine the etiology of vitreous hemorrhage in cases reported to our tertiary care hospital in south India.
Methods: A thorough history was taken before a methodical eye examination was performed. The relative afferent pupillary defect, best corrected visual acuity, neovascularization of the iris, and neovascularization of the angle were recorded. To rule out secondary glaucoma, intraocular pressure was measured using a Goldman's Applanation Tonometer. Both eyes underwent thorough fundus examinations. For posterior segment examination in hazy media, a USG B scan was performed to check for retinal tumors, or retinal detachments.
Results: The most common presenting complaint in cases of vitreous hemorrhage in our study was sudden loss of vision in n=48(50.52%) cases, slowly progressive loss of vision in n=26 (27.36) and floaters in n=21(22.10%) cases. The most common etiology of VH was proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 27.36% of cases followed by retinal vasculitis in 18.94%. The third most common etiology was closed globe injuries in 11.57% of cases.
Conclusion: The common reason for an unexpected, painless loss of vision is vitreous hemorrhage. Bilateral involvement is less typical than unilateral involvement. In younger age groups, retinal vasculitis (Eales' disease) and ocular trauma are the most frequent causes of vitreous hemorrhage, whereas, in older populations, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein blockage, posterior vitreous detachment, and retinal tear are the most frequent causes.