European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnoses have been linked to low testosterone levels. Hormonal levels in PCa-affected men, particularly those who underwent radical prostatectomy, have been linked to poor prognostic variables. The current study aimed to establish a link between hormone levels and PCa prognostic elements in PCa-affected men before starting treatment.
Methods: The study sample was obtained from the patients referred to the Department of Urology based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All prostate cancer participants in this study were evaluated at the time of admission using a thorough clinical examination, baseline blood tests, serum PSA, serum testosterone, and Gleason grading (TRUS biopsy), which includes the primary, secondary, and total Gleason scores or sum Imaging studies (bone scan, CECT/MRI abdomen and pelvis, and chest x-ray). Radical prostatectomy (RP) was recommended for patients with localized prostate cancer, including those with clinical stage T1 and T2 disease without regional pelvic nodal involvement and metastasis.
Results: The patients in the low testosterone group I had a higher overall tumor stage on clinical evaluation compared to the normal testosterone group. The p-value is found statistically significant. The overall pathological T staging is not statistically significant the patients in low testosterone (group I) had higher T₃ disease than group II patients. The p-value is not statistically significant. The Postoperative pathological nodal status between the two groups was compared. The Patients in the low testosterone group I had more proportion of pathological lymph nodal involvement than patients in the normal testosterone group. P value was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.0121).
Conclusion: The higher percentage of predominant Gleason pattern 4, a sign of aggressive prostate cancer, is linked to low total serum testosterone. When compared to patients with normal blood testosterone levels, patients with low serum testosterone levels had higher serum PSA values. Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and had low testosterone levels had a higher percentage of positive surgical margins, extracapsular extension, and seminal venous invasion, all of which are possible signs of aggressive prostate cancer behavior.