European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

In India, oral cancer is one of the leading cancer today. Its incidence is 12.6 per 1,00,000 population. The premalignant lesion is a disease or syndrome if left untreated have significantly increased risk to develop cancer.   Aim and Objective of the study:  The objective of this study is to evaluate clinicopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at our tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A detailed history-taking including age, sex, complaints and duration of symptoms, site, side etc. and with thorough clinical examination relevant investigations for consistency, diagnosis, benign or malignant was done and appropriate management has been done for these patients. All relevant investigations were done. Biopsy were taken, detailed histopathological features were noted. The tissue sections were stained with H and E stain. Results: We evaluated all the subjects for oral cavity lesions with diagnostic biopsy and subjected for HPE. Among these subjects 21.9% had non-neoplastic lesion, 18.8% had benign lesion, 10.7% had pre-malignant and 48.4% had malignant lesions. The most common pre-malignant lesion was leucoplakia (64.2%), followed by oral lichen planus (16.6%), oral sub mucous fibrosis (11.9%), actinic cheilitis (7.14%) respectively and none had eryhthoplakia. Out of 48.4% malignant lesions 94.7% of the subjects had squamous cell carcinoma followed by other cancers. The most common site of oral cavity lesions was buccal mucosa (41.8%) followed by tounge (17.3%) and lower gingivobuccal region (17%). We also evaluated tobacco habits among these subjects, we found that 76.7% had only tobacco chewing habits, 3.06% had both smoking and tobacco chewing habits, 14.2% had tobacco chewing and 5.86% had no habbits. Discussion and Conclusion: In our study, we observed various premalignant oral lesions which include leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, lichen planus, actinic cheilitis and erythroplakia. Oral leukoplakia was most common lesion in the present study. Buccal mucosa was the most common site. Tobacco chewing habit was common risk factor observed. Early detection of premalignant oral lesion is of utmost importance to prevent further progress to oral cancer. This study reported that the most common oral cavity lesion was malignancy with a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma variant. Buccal mucosa involvement was the most common in oral cavity lesions and malignant lesions.