European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

BACKGROUND and OBJECTIVE: The incidence of multiple myeloma varies among different ethnic group and among different countries but from past few years its incidence is increasing in Asian countries. In India due to financial constraints, lack of adequate health infrastructure and lack of knowledge among people lead to delay in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma and it became a challenge to medical field in India. The objective of the study is to study the various parameters and its incidence in Multiple Myeloma patients.
METHODS: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the department of medicine and oncology of tertiary care hospital of north India. Data was taken from 2015-2022, 102 cases of multiple myeloma was diagnosed out of which 2 were excluded. The diagnosis was made based on the International Myeloma Working Group: Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorder. The demographic profile, clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were studied.
RESULTS: Multiple Myeloma was most common in 5^th decade with male predominance and more common in urban population. Most common symptom was bone pain 63 (63%) and weight loss (9%) least common.  65% had anaemia, 18% had renal insufficiency and 34% had hypercalcemia. All of the patients had M-band in gamma globulin region with 48% had ISS stage 1. 70(70%) had lytic lesions in the skull.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: To conclude majority of the patients of Multiple Myeloma were males and majority were farmers. Majority of patients were from urban area. Bone pain being the most common symptom followed by the fatigue. Anaemia and Hypercalcemia were less common in our study population. Most of the patients had ISS stage 1. The presentation of MM varies among patients and with adequate health infrastructure better outcome and early diagnosis of multiple myeloma will be there.