European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: The prevalence and incidence of heart failure (HF), a prevalent cardiovascular illness, have recently been rising. The prevention and management of it are more difficult due to the multiple risk factors that contribute to its genesis.
The current study's objective was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of heart failure patients.
Methods: Between September 2021 and July 2022, a prospective observational study was conducted among the patients hospitalised to the SKMCH's Department of Medicine in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. The study comprised patients who met the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HF criteria. Based on a population study and hospital OPD, the prevalence of congestive heart failure was assessed.
Results: The major causes of HF were smoking, drunkenness, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension. Breathlessness (100%), foot edoema (92.3%), cough (57.7%), and palpitation (50%) were the patients' most frequent symptoms. The patients' primary symptoms included oedematous feet (100%), basal crepitations (80.3%), increased jugular venous distention (JVD) (57.7%), and S3. Chest X-ray (CXR) results show that increased Cardiothoracic ratio was reported by 76.9% of the patients. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) and arrhythmias (predominantly AF-19.2%) each accounted for 26.9% of the total. According to estimates, the prevalence of HF ranges from 0.51 to 27.27, respectively.
Conclusion: Apart from smoking and drunkenness, ischemic heart disease and hypertension were the main risk factors, and the treatment of concomitant illnesses may have a significant impact on clinical care.