Clinical and Radiological Spectrum of Trigeminal Neuralgia
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine,
2022, Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 770-776
Abstract
Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most painful neurological disorders.In this study we aimed to describe the clinical and radiological spectrum of trigeminal neuralgia.Martial and Methods: This is a single center prospective study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Southern India. A total of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia according to ICHD-3 criteria were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, detailed case history that included side of face involved – left/right, area of face involved (V1/V2/V3/V1+V2/V2+V3/ V1+V2+V3), pain characteristics, triggering factors, sensory abnormalities was taken. MRI brain was performed in all patients. Classical,secondary,idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia was diagnosed based on ICHD-3 criteria.
Results: Fifty patients were included in our study, whose age group ranged from 32 to 77 years.The highest incidence was found in 51-60 years age group accounting for 36 % of cases. 30 (60%) were females and 20 (40%) were males. In 32 patients (64%) right side of face was affected and in 18 (36%) patients left side was affected. The most commonly described character of pain was lancinating type (32%) followed by mixed features (26%). V3 was involved in 24 patients accounting for 48% of cases. V2 was involved in 20 (40%) patients, V1+V2 in 1 (2%) patient, V2+V3 in 4(8%) patients, V1+V2+V3 in 1 (2%) patient. V1 involvement alone was not seen in our study.
Conclusion: Our study determined the clinical and radiological spectrum of trigeminal neuralgia patients. We conclude that the highest incidence is in 51-60 years age group with female preponderance, predominant involvement of right side of face and predominant maxillary division involvement. Lancinating type of pain was the most common type with touch being the most common trigger factor. Classical trigeminal neuralgia was the most common subtype.
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