European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Black, brown, or blue skin lesions are referred to as pigmented skin lesions. Both melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions are included in this group. Numerous pigmented lesions enhance the likelihood of melanoma and are challenging to categorize due to the wide range of histological findings. With this study, we aimed to compare the clinical and histological diagnoses while also evaluating the range of pigmented skin lesions in cases presenting to our hospital.
Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of n=36 cases were included in the study. Punch biopsy was taken for smaller lesions and excision was done for larger lesions. All the biopsies and resected specimens received in our department were properly labeled, numbered, and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for 24 hours. Tissue processing was done. Multiple sections were studied after staining with hematoxylin and eosin and were evaluated accordingly. The histopathological request forms were used to gather the clinical data and pertinent investigations for the patients during this time.
Results: In the present study of n=36 pigmented lesions n=24(66.67%) showed clinicopathological correlation and 12 (33.33%) were inconsistent with clinical diagnosis. Among the clinical cases inconsistent with the clinical diagnosis were benign melanocytic naevi 16.67% of cases. Pigmented seborrheic keratosis in 71.43% of cases and pigmented basal cell carcinoma in 75.0% of cases. The only case of pigmented actinic keratosis was also not found to be consistent with clinical diagnosis.
Conclusion: The most frequent non-melanocytic lesions are pigmented seborrheic keratoses, while benign melanocytic nevi are the most frequently encountered pigmented melanocytic lesions. Lesions with and without melanocytosis tend to occur more in females. Because pigmented seborrheic keratosis and pigmented basal cell carcinoma are the most frequent mimics of melanocytic lesions, rigorous pathological assessment is essential.