European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most prevalent cancer, constituting 3% of all localizations. In 48% of instances, oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an ErbB family tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in solid tumours, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCCs have various clinicopathological characteristics and a dismal prognosis.
Martial and Methods: 160 HNSCCs were studied in the Department of Pathology, Mallareddy Medical College for women 18 months [Nov 2020-April 2022] for the immunoexpression of Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 with relation to histopathological grade and various clinical parameters such as age, gender, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, tobacco chewing, anatomical site involvement, lymph node status, and cancer stage wherever available.
Results: 113 of 160 cases were male; 47 were female. 106 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (66.25%) were male and drank. 26 of 160 cases were radical neck dissected. 73% of patients had metastatic lymph nodes. 14 cases (66.6%) had >50% immunoreactive cells. 13 of 21 patients (62 %) were Ki-67 immunopositive. Lymph node-positive HNSCC had higher Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 immunoexpression. In 160 of 29 patients, cyclin D1 positive was unrelated to clinical stage. Stage IV tumours (66.6 %) had the highest Ki 67 values, followed by stage III. Higher pathogenic stages enhanced Ki 67 expression (p=0.037). Cyclin D1 and KI 67 immunoexpression correlated with lymph node metastases (p = 0.005 and 0.008, respectively).
Conclusion: The present investigation found a link between Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 immunoexpression correlated with histopathological grade and lymph node status, and Ki 67 with advanced tumor stage.