European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Introduction: Bone is a connective tissue which plays an important role in haematopoiesis and homeostasis. Bone lesions can be non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Radiologically non-neoplastic lesions can mimic malignant tumours and some malignancies can mimic benign lesions, hence histopathology is essential for diagnosing bone lesions.
Aim: The study aims to analyse the incidence, age and sex distribution, clinical features, sites and morphology of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of bone in our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This is a study conducted in the pathology department for a period of two years from January 2021 to October 2022. The bone samples were fixed in 10% formalin, processed, and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
Results: A total of 110 cases have been included in this study, the age range was 4 years to 94 years and the most common age group involved was 11 to 20 years. There was a male preponderance (59%) and male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Different sites of the body were involved in bone lesions; the femur was involved in a maximum number of cases. (24%)  Among 110 cases, 26 (23.6%) were non-neoplastic, and 84 (76.4%) were neoplastic. In the neoplastic lesions, 45 were benign and 39 were malignant. In non-neoplastic lesions osteomyelitis (73%) was common and in benign tumours, there was a preponderance of giant cell tumours. (31%) These were followed by osteochondroma (24%). In malignant tumours, primary (71.7%) were predominant of which osteosarcoma (32%) was the most common.  Metastatic tumours (28.2%) were usually seen in vertebrae and most of them were adenocarcinoma deposits.  There were a few rare cases of tumours such as epithelioid hemangioma of bone and malignant giant cell tumours.
Conclusion: This study provides insight about non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of bone along with a few rare cases in our tertiary care hospital