European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

The term "dementia" refers to a group of symptoms that severely impair memory, reasoning, and social functioning. While many illnesses can cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of progressive dementia.Over 55 million individuals worldwide already have dementia, and there are almost 10 million new cases diagnosed each year. Beta amyloid deposition and neuro-fibrillary tangles, which induce the loss of synapses and neurons and result in gross atrophy of the affected parts of the brain, usually starting in the mesial temporal lobe, are the underlying pathophysiological causes. In the current investigation the efficacy of the methanolic extract of Grangea maderaspatana [GM] was tested in wistar albino rats against scopolamine (4mg/kg) induced Alzheimer's disease. A dose of 200 mg/kg of piracetam is used as a standard.The doses for GM were 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. The nootropic activity was evaluated using the elevated plus maze model, novel object recognition test, morris water maze, and Y-Maze, as well as biochemical tests such as Acetylcholinesterase activity, brain reduced glutathione levels, melanoldehyde, and catalase activity were measured in order to assess the level of oxidative stress. During behavioural studies, Scopolamine administration reduces learning and memory enhancement. A significant reduction in time spent in the preferred arm of the Y-maze, escape latency, time spent exploring the novel object, and discrimination index of the familiar object was also observed. Acetylcholinesterase activity increased in rats, indicating a significant impairment of the central cholinergic system. Grangea maderaspatana (250 and 500 mg/kg orally administered) significantly improved rat memory in the y-maze, elevated plus maze, and novel object recognition tests, and also improved mouse locomotion in the open field. Treatment with a methanolic extract of Grangea maderaspatana also reduces brain oxidative stress and AChE activity. We find that treatment of Grangea maderaspatana [GM] methanolic extract improves rat memory by lowering AChE activity and exhibiting antioxidant effects.The presence of phenolic chemicals and flavonoids was confirmed by the phythochemical screening of the GM, making it appear to be an effective source for improving memory and learning.