European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Background: Avascular necrosis of femoral head is an illness characterized by interruption of blood supply to the femoral head and mostly affects young adults. If it is not treated timely, its progression leads femoral head collapse and hip arthroplasty. Along with the idiopathic cases, some predisposing risk factors are also associated to develop avascular necrosis.  Early diagnosis can preserve the hip joint. MRI imaging is considered the most effective and sensitive diagnostic tool for avascular necrosis which is helpful to detect in early stage.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the stages presentation at the time of diagnosis and involved risk factors in etiology of Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head.
Material & Method: This study conducted in orthopaedic department at GS Medical College. 50 patients of all age groups diagnosed with avascular necrosis after MRI of hip joint were included in this study. Patient information regarding age, sex, causative factors was collected from patient chart. Staging of disease was done according to Ficat and Arlet classification.
Result: It was found that most commonly males of young age group were affected. 76% cases had bilateral involvement of hip joint and 24% patients had unilateral involvement of irrespective site of hip joint. 70% patients presented with stage-III & IV at the tiem of diagnosis of disease. This study also revealed that main risk factor was idiopathic (68%).
Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to prevent progression of disease and can preserve hip joints. MRI evaluation and study of ethology factors can be beneficial in the management of vascular necrosis of femoral head