Abstract

The rise in multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria during the past few years has posed a serious danger to public health care. Our understanding of how antibiotic resistance mechanisms emerge and spread across bacterial strains has been enhanced by recent advanced molecular techniques. The resistant pathogens use a variety of resistance mechanisms, including cell membrane porosity changes, antibacterial target modification, and destruction of antibacterial agents. This section will discuss and explain the molecular characterisation of carbapenem resistance as well as their detection techniques. Understanding these mechanisms can be crucial for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs as well as for specific treatment considerations about the usage of antibiotics other than carbapenem and beta-lactams. Although the majority may be carried out quickly with a molecular device, molecular approaches are presently used for identifying carbapenem-resistant species. Whole-genome sequencing delivers clear idea on the comprehensive evaluation of whole genome and has the potential to develop into a very potent tool in regular clinical settings. The cost of genome sequencing is still high, and an automated system for data processing is needed. It might take a while before this method is routinely used in medical laboratories, especially in underdeveloped nations. To create innovative antibacterial medicines that can enhance pathogen prognosis, it can be crucial to comprehend these processes and the importance of the formation of carbapenem resistance strains.