European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a common in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is thought to be one of the oldest human diseases, the history of TB is at least as old as the mankind. Globally in 2019, an estimated 10.0million (range,8.9-11.0million) people fell ill with TB ⁽¹⁾. Tuberculosis mainly involves the lungs can cause infection in almost all other organs and tissues in the body.  Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is defined according to WHO classification criteria as an infection by M. tuberculosiswhich affects tissues and organs outside the pulmonary parenchyma ⁽¹⁾. TB bacilli enter the lymphatic system and blood stream to reach extra pulmonary organs. Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis account for 10-15% of all cases of Tuberculosis. LNTB is the most common form of EPTB in India, accounting for 35% of EPTB cases. Total estimated incidence of LNTB was 30.8 per 100000 populations in India in 2013⁽²⁾. TB lymphadenitis almost affects all age groups. Index TB guidelines has recommended CBNAAT to be used as additional test to cytology in patients of   EPTB ⁽²⁾.