A study to evaluate the association of age, gender and the socio-demographic characteristics among toddlers (16 months – 30 months age group) screened positive for risk of having Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using M-CHAT R/F
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine,
2023, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 552-558
Abstract
Autism is one of the heterogenous neurodevelopment disorder classified under Pervasive spectrum Disorder is characterized by three core deficits i.e. impaired communication skills, impaired social interaction (reciprocal) and repetitive, restricted, stereotyped behavioral patterns. Early identification of toddlers at risk for developing autism and timely referral and appropriate intervention strategies is crucial to achieve better outcomes for these children. Thus, the present study was conducted at tertiary care centre to assess the percentage of toddlers (16months – 30months age group) attending well baby clinic in Pediatric OPD who screens positive for risk of having Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by using M-CHAT R/F.Materials and Method: The present descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among toddlers belonging to age range of 16-30 months visiting well baby clinic during the study period. All the parents were enquired regarding the condition of child and activity using M-CHAT R/F questionnaire. Association of Autism spectrum disorder with various factors was assessed using Chi square test. Multivariate analysis was done to determine the independent factors associated with ASD. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A significant association of moderate risk of autism spectrum disorder with younger age (16 to 24 months) and male gender (83.3%) (p<0.05). However, no association of Autism spectrum disorder with socioeconomic status of the family (p>0.05) was found. The risk of ASD was significantly higher in children belonging to less than 24 months of age (OR-1.28; 95% CI-1.013-1.55, p<0.05) as compared to children above 24 months of age.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that a significant association of moderate risk of Autism spectrum disorder with younger age (16 to 24 months) and male gender and the risk of ASD was significantly higher in children belonging to less than 24 months of age as compared to children above 24monthsofage. Early identification and introduction of appropriate intervention strategies might help in preventing the long term complications in the form of neuro cognitive dysfunction and intellectual ability of the child
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