European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Pregnancy and puerperium increases the risk of venous thromboembolism 4- to 5-fold over that in the non-pregnant state. Compared to non-pregnant, pregnant women have a two and a half times increased risk of developing pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism is often fatal. Depending on reports estimate that 10%–30% of patients had mortality within 30 days. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of thromboembolism in pregnancy and puerperium, risk factors, need for anticoagulants, maternal and fetal outcome in a Govt. Tertiary care center in Chennai.
Materials and Methods: A prospective Descriptive study was conducted in Dept of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Govt. Kilpauk Medical college, Chennai during February 2019-september 2019 among 200 antenatal and postnatal mothers. Descriptive statistics, Chi Square test were used. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In BMI up to 23 having thromboembolism of 0%, in BMI from 24-29, incidence was thromboembolism of 9.5% and in BMI of 33-36 having thromboembolism of 0%. In patients having BMI between 24-29, risk of thromboembolism was observed high. Hence BMI was considered significant risk factor. One patient developed pulmonary embolism in postnatal period, emergency CTPA done, given LMWH for 3 months & patient revived.
Conclusions: BMI more than 26, multiparity, previous history of surgery, immovability, varicose veins, gestational hypertension, anemia, APLA positive and Eclampsia were the significant risk factors. Since pregnancy is a hyper-coagulable state, by identifying these risk factors and initiating LMWH, we can prevent the complications of DVT. Hence maternal morbidity and mortality can be reduced.