Basic Immune Cells
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine,
2020, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 6595-6600
Abstract
The immune system is spread throughout the body and involves many types of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues. Crucially, it can distinguish our tissue from foreign tissue — self from non-self. Dead and faulty cells are also recognized and cleared away by the immune system.If the immune system encounters a pathogen, for instance, a bacterium, virus, or parasite, it mounts a so-called immune response.The immune system includes a range of cell types with different roles in defending the body against infection.Occasionally, the immune system can make a mistake and attack itself, resulting in autoimmune disorders. Many of these cells arise in the bone marrow, circulate in the blood and can migrate into solid tissues1. The primary parts of the immune system include the bone marrow and thymus. The bone marrow is extremely important to the immune system because all the body’s blood cells (including T and B lymphocytes) originate in the bone marrow. B lymphocytes remain in the marrow to mature, while T lymphocytes travel to the thymus. Immune responses involve interactions between some of these cells and/or their secreted products. B and T lymphocytes specifically react to microbial antigens: activated B lymphocytes secrete antigen‐binding antibodies, and subpopulations of T lymphocytes possess regulatory or cytotoxic functions
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