European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of our research was to highlight the importance of diet as well as
associated dietary habits in people; with the changes in oral environment leading to
alterations in the periodontal health of an individual.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 enrolled subjects who
underwent periodontal examination and treatment. A questionnaire was given to them,
which was related to self-reported medical history, medication, physical activity and dietary
habits and usual intake. Periodontist assessed the periodontal status of the participants and
a clinical dietician analysed their dietary habits. Subjects were the periodontally examined
and diagnosed according to the stage and grade of the periodontal disease. The collected
data recorded through questionnaire and periodontal examination was analysed
statistically.
Results: 81.8% participants did not have any apparent illnesses. 14.5 % of the participants
were taking medications for their diseases. Maximum study participants took sweet snacks
daily (60.9%) as well as caffeinated beverages daily (86.3%). They also took fried foods
(35.4%) as well as chips and junk food (34.5%) twice a week. The average Body Mass
Index of the study participants was 35.8kg/m2. 80% of the subjects had been diagnosed
with chronic periodontitis. 22.7% of participants had stage 1 periodontitis whereas 27.2%
of the subjects had stage 3 periodontitis.
Conclusion: It is imperative to reduce the consumption as well frequency of sticky and
refined sugars in the diet, so as to limit the damage to the oral tissue especially the
periodontium. Good oral hygiene also helps to maintain this homeostasis inside the oral
cavity.