European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Pyrazolopyrimidines and related fused heterocycles are of interest as potential bioactive molecules. The heterocyclic fusion of pyrimidine ring and pyrazole ring resulted in formation of pyrazolopyrimidines, the structural analogues of biogenic purine class, undoubtedly, has high significance in the field of pharmaceutical and biotechnological sciences with wide spectrum of biological activities and its several derivatives. Toxicity may be due to the accumulation in a specific organ/ tissue (e.g. bosentan), the co -administration of other drugs affecting ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity) Cmax reaching off target IC50, or the high Cmax required for therapeutic effects. Assessing the relative drug efficacy and toxicity is important for medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, pharmacists, physicians. As multiple treatment options are available for many diseases, relative toxicity assessment is necessary. Difficulty in direct clinical trial comparisons forces network meta-analyses for estimating the relative toxicity. Therapeutic index (TI) assumes simplified linear relationships between receptor affinity, maximum unbound plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and toxicity. But high TI does not guarantee safety. For drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450),estimating TI based on target potencies alone is insufficient.