European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Accommodative insufficiency (AI) and convergence insufficiency (CI) play a major role in a reading insufficiency.CI is a binocular vision problem but it is not a strabismus. It is generally associated with symptoms such as eyestrain, blurry vision, double vision, headache and reading related problems. AI is a condition that affects the ability to maintain near vision focus for a prolonged time. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of NBV (normal binocular vision), convergence insufficiency and accommodative insufficiency in children 4th to 9th school years in Gorakhpur U.P (India).A comprehensive eye examination and binocular vision assessment, integrating accommodative and convergence parameters, were used to analyse the visual condition. Of the 415 students who completed the eye examination and binocular vision testing. All students in the group of schools of the rural were invited to attend. 415 children were assessed from a total of 450 students (response rate of 92%). fifteen were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The assessment was completed by 400 children, 175 females and 225 males. We found significant differences in expected values from the current clinical criteria for near point of convergence (NPC) with penlight, distance and near horizontal phorias, accommodative amplitudes, monocular and binocular accommodative facility (normal distribution p < 0.001). The study will also provide insight into the differences in binocular vision parameters between
ethnicities, and the minimum battery of tests needed to detect binocular vision anomalies in a community setting