European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Under-age drinking and the overconsumption of alcohol among undergraduate students results in unnecessary physical, emotional, and intellectual problems, as well as economic losses for individuals. This issue remains an enduring educational and public health challenge. To better understand what is known and what is not known on this subject, the purpose of this article is to review past literature as it pertains to individual causal factors. The review points to the importance of considering individual resiliency in the form of drinking refusal self-efficacy and alcohol expectancy. Innovative solutions aimed at addressing these constructs among undergraduate students, such as adaptive skill-building strategies that are social context specific, advance progress in solving this problem behavior.