European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of microorganisms involved in the pathogenesis of surgical site infection.
Material and methods: The study was a cross sectional study which was carried in the Department of Microbiology, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar, India for one year. Using sterile cotton swabs, two pus swabs/ wound swabs were collected aseptically from each patient suspected of having SSI. Gram stained preparations were made from one swab for provisional diagnosis. The other swab was inoculated on nutrient agar, 5% sheep blood agar (BA) and MacConkey agar (MA) plates and incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours before being reported as sterile. Growth on culture plates was identified by its colony characters and the battery of standard biochemical tests. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique on Muller Hinton Agar.
Results: Out of 420 samples, 220 samples were culture positive (52.38%). Among 220 positive samples 120 (54.55%) were males. Maximum no. of culture positive samples in age 20-30 years (32.73%) followed by 30-40 (17.73 %) and then followed by 40-50 (14.09%) of age group respectively. Out of 220 culture positive samples S.aureus (27.27%) was the most common pathogen isolated followed by Escherichia coli. (22.73%), Citrobacter spp. (14.54%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.27%) respectively. Among gram negative bacilli, E.coli was most sensitive to Imipenem 90%) followed by Amikacin (78%) and Piperacillin Tazobactam (74%) whereas for Citrobacter spp., Imipenem (81.25%) followed by Gentamicin (53.13%), Ciprofloxacin (46.87%) was the drug of choice then for Klebsiella spp., Imipenem (76.19%) followed by Gentamicin (47.62%), Amikacin (47.62%) was the drug of choice. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Imipenem (62.96%) followed by Piperacillin Tazobactam (59.26%), Gentamicin (51.85%) was the drug of choice and for Enterobacter spp., Imipenem (83.33%) followed by Amikacin (66.67%), Piperacillin Tazobactam (66.67%) showed maximum sensitivity (Table 4). Among gram positive organism, S.aureus showed maximum antibiotic sensitivity to Linezolid (93.33%) followed by Vancomycin (91.67%), Amikacin (81.67%) whereas CONSwas sensitive to Linezolid (100%) followed by Vancomycin (93.75%), and Gentamicin (87.5%).
Conclusion: We conclude that the increasing resistance to antimicrobials increases the risk of morbidity and mortality; therefore there is urgent need of implementation of measures to restrict the health care associated infection. Rational use of antimicrobials, proper hygiene, and strict asepsis should be applied in all health care.