European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the feto-maternal outcome in oligohydramnios.
Material and Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital  Bhagalpur,Bihar, India for 12 months.  Total 150 pregnant women having singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation at POG 34-40 weeks, presenting with abnormal (oligohydramnios) AFI, were included in the present study.
Results: 83.33% of patients were in 20-30 years age group and 10% patients were in above 30 years age group. Thus, maximum patients were in 20-30 years age group. Rate of caesarean was highest in above 30 years and lowest in patients of< 20 years of age. Mean maternal age was 24.65 years. Incidence of oligohydramnios was more in primipara (56.67%) in our study. Most common cause of Oligohydramnios is idiopathic (53.33%). Second commonest cause is PIH (28.33%). Operative morbidity is highest in PIH (51.67%). Operative morbidity was significantly higher in NST non-reactive (57.89%, group than NST reactive (21.95%) group. All patients were undergone Doppler study. 8.33% were found with fetoplacental insufficiency and 91.67 percent patients were normal out of these 70 vaginal delivery and 30 from caesarean section. Most common reason to perform caesarean was fetal distress which was either due to cord compression or IUGR. Oligohydramnios was related to higher rate of growth retardation and NICU admission. In NST Reactive group 2 babies expired due to septicaemia and another 2 expired due to HMD and LBW. In NST Non-Reactive group 4 babies expired due to meconium aspiration syndrome + acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Conclusion: Oligohydramnios is frequent occurrence and demands intensive fetal surveillance and proper antepartum and intrapartum care. Due to intrapartum complication and high rate of perinatal morbidity and mortality, rates of caesarean section are rising, but decision between vaginal delivery and caesarean section should be well balanced so that unnecessary maternal morbidity prevented and other side timely intervention can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality.