PRODUCTION OF KERATINASE ENZYME FROM THE CHICKEN FEATHER WASTE OBTAINED FROM THANJAVUR DISTRICT TAMIL NADU
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine,
2020, Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages 7073-7090
Abstract
Chicken feathers, consists of 90% keratin (a recalcitrant protein) which cannot be easily hydrolyzed by common proteolytic enzymes. These feathers constitute a sizable waste disposable problem. Hence an eco-friendly alternative to this problem is mandatory. In the present investigation, the feather degrading microorganisms were isolated from feather dumped soil in Thanjavur District. The results were compared in accordance with the Bergey’s manual of Determinative Bacteriology. In the present investigation, the degradation of chicken feathers was performed in feather minimal medium (pH 7.5) in which chicken feather acts as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. Bacillus subtilis effectively degraded the chicken feathers within 17 days. The result for FTIR study indicated a pronounced with control Bacillus treated feather samples. The feather keratin inoculated with Bacillus subtilis analyzed by biodegradation carried for 20 days. Different spectral wavelength of 3405.47cm-1 and the other peaks include 3270.62 and 1452.46 respectively. Within the mid infrared wavelength (400-4000cm-1) indicated bending, vibration of functional group and molecular bond in protein sugar and polysaccharides. The highest activity of keratinase was observed after 48 hours of incubation after cultivation in feather meal for Bacillus subtilis (176 U/ml). It was found out that an enhanced keratinase production was observed at pH 7.0, temperature 40oC, carbon sources (Dextrose and fructose) and nitrogen sources (yeast extract). The above results indicated that Bacillus subtilis produced appreciable levels of keratinase enzyme using feather as substrate and this could open new opportunities to reduce these recalcitrant feather waste and thereby reducing the pollution.KEYWORDS: Keratinase enzyme, Chicken feather wastes, Thanjavur and Bacillus subtilis
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