European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Intercondylar fracture of distal humerus is one of the difficult fracture involving the humerus in adults.
Intercondylar fracture distal humerus in adults are difficult to manage due to complex anatomy of
elbow. We present a method of surgical treatment of intercondylar humerus fracture in adults by
open reduction with JESS fixator and to evaluate functional outcome and associated complication with
application of JESS fixator. MATERIALS & METHODS: It is Institutional based, prospective study carried
out from June 2021 to May 2022.Twenty cases of intercondylar distal humerus fracture were reduced
and fixed with K-wire and finally JESS was applied. Patient were follow up at 1week, 4weeks, 6weeks
& 12weeks and clinically evaluated with Mayo’s elbow performance score. RESULTS:According to AO
classification 4 cases had C1 fractures, 14 cases had C2 fractures and and 2 cases had C3 fractures. 3
cases had open injury among which two were of C2 and 1 were C3 type. All cases were operated using
paratricipital approach and average duration of JESS application was 7 week and mean follow up
duration was 9 months. Irrespective of injury pattern 9(45%) cases showed excellent results, 7(35%)
showed good results, 3(15%) cases showed fair results and 1(5%) case showed poor
results.DISCUSSION: The goal of intercondylar fracture management by JESS technique is to achieve
early range of motion of anatomically align joint. CONCLUSION:This study shows comparatively good
results using JESS fixator. This procedure is viable alternative option to ORIF dur to its simplicit, costeffectiveness
and easy implant removal on day care basis.

BACKGROUND:. The dressing of wounds is an old art and has undergone a wide variety of changes from
ancient herbal dressing to modern dressing materials. An ideal wound care product in addition to control
the infection should also protect the normal tissues and must not interfere with the normal wound
healing. Various treatment modalities have been discovered over the years in forms of different types of
wound dressings like creams, ointments, solutions while other classes of wound dressings are occlusive
dressing, non-occlusive dressing, absorptive dressing, skin substitutes and negative suction vacuum
dressing.METHODS: prospective, observational study carried out in Dept. of General Surgery, Narayana
Medical College, Nellore 1st September 2020 to 30th August 2022 in 50 patients divided in two groups.
conventional dressing materials (Regime A) and newer dressing materials (Regime B) on random basis.
Povidone iodine, H2O2, EUSOL and liquid paraffin are the conventional materials which are compared with
the newer materials such as oxum, oxoferine, collagen and opsite. RESULTS & CONCLUSION : maximum
age group between 51 to 60 (23%) years. A total of 17 females were enrolled during this study, out of
which 9 patients were considered in Regime A and 8 patients in Regime B. 33 males were enrolled in this
study, out of which 17 were included in Regime A and 16 in Regime B. The time required for the appearance
of granulation tissue by newer dressing materials took 3 days when compared to the conventional dressing
materials and finally the time required for the healing ulcer took 4 days early with newer dressing
materials compared to conventional dressing materials

Background: The primary reason for epidural analgesia is labour pain. It is the only method
that effectively reduces intense labour pain. It provides a labour trial for high-risk patients
who have had a previous Caesarean section, anticipates a challenging intubation, and is
obese Objectives :To compare the efficacy of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl v/s Bupivacaine
and Butorphanol regarding onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, quality of analgesia and
fetal out come in epidural labour analgesia.Methodology: One hundred primigravida
patients between the ages of 18 and 26 with ASA grades 1 and 2 were chosen at random and
split into two groups of fifty each. Patients in Group 1 received 0.1% Bupivacaine and
0.0002% Fentanyl by lumbar epidural method, while patients in Group 2 received 0.1%
Bupivacaine and 1 mg Butorphanol. Throughout the surgery, the mother's and foetus'
hemodynamics were monitored. The onset, duration, and quality of analgesia, the length of
labour, the frequency of instrumental deliveries, the frequency of side effects, and the
outcome for the newborn were all noted, compared, and statistically assessed

Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease because it has a premalignant stage which may last up to 10-20 years before its progression to invasive carcinoma. The potential role of ROS in DNA damage as well as the nutritional etiology of cervical neoplasia (which include low dietary intake of vitamin C, carotenoids, vitamin E, and folate) has been suggested. Objectives: The objective of this study is to measure the oxidant status. To estimate and compare serum levels of MDA (malondialdehyde) in postmenopausal cervical cancer patients and healthy age matched control. Methodology: This case control study consist of 90 patients of cervical cancer along with 60 healthy subjects of précised matched age within the institution. blood samples was collected from all participants and were analysed for oxidant MDA (malondialdehyde) .Results obtained were analyzed statistically to see the significance of differences. Results: The Mean concentration of S.MDA (nmol/L) in case group was 5.77 ±2.40 while that of control group 2.03±0.70 and the difference among them found to be highly significant. The mean age of cervical cancer group(case) is 51.26 ±5.43 yr while that of control group is 55.60±4.50 year. According to demographic data .Smoking history present in 16% and 11% in case and control group respectively.History of alcohol present in 9.9% and 4.2% in case and control group respectively.Among total 90 patients of cervical cancer 86(95.55%) females were married. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has shown that the patients with cervical cancer have high lipid peroxidation (MDA), which is a marker of oxidative stress; and this worsened as the disease progressed. There is a need for antioxidant supplementation in these patients to reduce oxidative stress.

Aims & Objectives:Clinico-pathological analysis of all cases diagnosed as MM. To find genetic abnormalities by cytogenetics & fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in this heterogenous group.
Material and Method: All the cases of MM diagnosed between January 2012 to July 2014 were included in the study. The clinical details including presentation, electrophoresis, renal parameters were taken from clinical records. The bone marrow slides were retrieved and reviewed. Conventional cytogenetics and FISH analysis was performed in 14 and 8 patients respectively.
Results: The study included 45 patients in the age range of 40-82 years with male predominance (M:F=1.5:1). Most of the patients (21) presented with complaints of back pain and weakness. Renal dysfunction was seen in 29 patients with mean creatinine of 2.5mg/dl. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed M band in 19 cases. The bone marrow plasma cell ranged from 15% to 90%. The commonest morphology was that of Marshalko type whereas plasmablastic type was rare. The cytogenetic abnormalities detected were aneuploidy, trisomy 1 and 9, 13q deletion.
Conclusion: This study reflects our experience of 45 patients of MM with respect to clinical features, bone marrow morphology and cytogenetic analysis.

Background & Aim: Direct laryngoscopy & Endotracheal intubation causes sympathetic response which is deleterious to patient. Various drugs are used to attenuate this response for better hemodynamic control. In this study, we aim to compare the efficacy of esmolol to that of mgso4 for attenuation of this response. Methods: After obtaining approval from institution ethics committee and informed written consent from the patients, 60 patients coming for elective surgeries under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups, Group E (Esmolol 1mg/kg) and Group M (Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 25mg /kg), with 30 patients in each group. Patients received drugs 5 min before intubation; HR, SBP, DBP and MAP were calculated at baseline, 0 min, 1 min, 3 min, 5 min and 10 min. Results: Baseline parameters were compared between 2 groups, which were statistically not significant. HR at 1 min (p=0.034) and 3 min (p=0.025) was statistically significant in favor of Group M. SBP, DBP and MAP were reduced better with Group E than Group M, but statistically not significant. Conclusion: MgSO4 reduces the sympathetic stimulation to laryngoscopy and intubation as effectively as Esmolol. MgSO4 also has the advantage of providing analgesia, reducing the dose of anesthetics, and provides better hemodynamic profile throughout intra-operative period.

Background: Labor epidural analgesia is an effective method of reducing pain during labor. For labour epidural, opioid sparing analgesia is gaining popularity.Opioidsparing drugs like dexmedetomidinehas been as an adjuvant to local anaesthetics with fewer side effects in various techniques and its less explored in labor epidural analgesia. Objective: To compare analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl when added to ropivacaine for labor epidural analgesia. Materials and methods: An observational comparative study was done after obtaining approval from ethicalcommittee(IEC/NMCH/15/02/2022_7), 60 nulliparous parturients were divided into 2 groups to receive either dexmedetomidine 0.5mcg/ ml with 0.2% ropivacaine (10 ml) or fentanyl 2mcg /ml with 0.2%ropivacaine 10ml.Onset and duration of sensory blockade was noted after giving first bolus. Results: The mean onset time of sensory-block in fentanyl group is higher thandexmedetomidine group. The duration of the sensory blockade showed a statisticallysignificant difference between the two study groups (p<0.05).There was significant alteration seen in hemodynamics between the study groups. No side effects were encountered in either group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidineis superior to fentanyl as an adjuvant to ropivacainefor opioid sparing analgesia in labor epidural by providing longer duration of sensory blockade without any side effects.