European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The article, based on theoretical discourse, analyses the main approaches to the basic concepts of the information society. It has been proved that the main characteristic of the modern information society is the presence of people capable of critical thinking. Anthropocentrism is seen as an anthropological component of the information society.
It has been substantiated that with the development of information and communication technologies new opportunities for the rooting of democratic values in society appear. At the same time, priority should be given to compliance with the information rights of the individual.
Axiological, epistemological and ontological aspects reveal the philosophical meaning of this definition. The ontological aspect of information security captures the situation created to combat risk, the purpose of which is to ensure the integrity of the object and the stable state of the information environment. The anthropological aspect of the concept reveals the security of the subject of information interaction. The hypothesis that information security is a complex phenomenon of objective development of modern civilization, aimed at promoting the harmonious development of the information society, has been substantiated. Ensuring information security, above all, requires the study of the negative consequences of the process of information technology application, the study of the causes of their manifestation, which will ultimately help to identify the ways to overcome them, thereby forming a secure state of the information environment.

Background: The approach of economic losses due to illness and early death is an effective way to be used for advocacy and convincing all stakeholders that health is an investment. Methods: This is an observational study in the field of health economics on the magnitude of economic losses due to illness and death with the aim of providing advocacy to all health stakeholders. Results: The amount of direct costs, which consists of household expenses for transportation of IDR 749.3 million. Economic losses due to illness (YLD) IDR 26.7 billion, and YLL of IDR 243.2 billion, total economic loss due to both (DALY) is IDR 269.9 billion. Total economic losses of IDR 270.6 billion. This huge economic loss can be prevented by increasing the budget for promoting healthy behavior and expanding health insurance coverage for the community. Conclusion: Approach to economic losses due to early illness and death (DALY) as an effective advocacy way to improve the understanding of health stakeholders that interventions to reduce economic losses through increasing the health budget are an investment.

Background: The high incidence of low birth weights (LBW) is due to interrelated factors from both the mother and the fetus. Maternal health status affects birth weight directly. Periodic health checks for pregnant women (antenatal care visits) are one of the main activities in maintaining the health of the mother and the fetus.
Objective: To examine the risk factors for LBW.
Method: This was an observational analytical study with a case-control approach. The sample was 48 respondents, with 24 mothers experiencing LBW as the case respondents and 24 mothers whose babies were in the normal weight range as the control respondents. The size of the sample was determined using a 1:1 comparison with a purposive sampling method.
Findings: The average height of the respondents was 151.23 cm, weight gain was 9.00 kg, systolic blood pressure was 113.75, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was 23.58 cm, gestational age was 37.42 weeks, and infant birth weight was 2604.17 g. On average, the examination of multiparous status, fetal position, head presentation, counseling, and laboratory tests were also determined. A chi-squared test showed no statistically significant relationships with LBW for the height of the pregnant woman, the blood pressure, the fetal position, the status of TT vaccinations, the administration of iron tablets, counseling, or laboratory examination. In contrast, weight gain, MUAC, fundal height, parity, and maternal age had significant relationships with LBW.
Conclusion: The maternal age, weight gain during pregnancy, MUAC, fundal height, and parity were associated with LBW.

This research purpose to analyze the effect green leadership and eco Efficiency to work performance in the public health center. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using smart PLS software. Data collection methods using online questionnaires and snowball sampling technique, the number of respondents to be used are 200 respondents of public health center management in Indonesia. The results of this research conclude that green leadership has a positive and significant effect on the work performance, eco efficiency also has a positive and significant effect on the work performance. This novelty of this research is new research of green leadership and eco efficiency of public health center sector in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Gemba Kaizen culture and implementation of 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke) to Medical Equipment manufacturing performance in the Medical Equipment manufacturing industries in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using smart PLS software. Data collection methods using online questionnaires and simple random sampling technique, the number of samples to be used as respondents as many as 300 Medical Equipment manufacturing managers. The results of this study indicate that the gemba kaizen has a positive and significant effect on the Medical Equipment manufacturing performance. For 5S also has a positive and significant effect on on Medical Equipment manufacturing performance. The implication of this research is to be a reference that kaizen and 5S can be applied in several manufacturers to improve their performance and can be a reference to be applied in other industries . This novelty of this research is build a new model of the effect of applying new kaizen and 5S to the Medical Equipment manufacturing industries in Indonesia

This paper is an explanatory sequential mixed methods research aimed to explore and investigate the influence of halal medicine perception, halal medicine quality, halal medicine safety and halal medicine knowledge on purchase intention of consumers in South East Asia. The first stage is a quantitative analysis, the questionnaires were distributed randomly in by online electronic questionnaires and use snowball sampling technique, total of 340 respondents were filled online electronic questionnaires. The data processing and hypotheses which were tested using Structural Equation Model (SEM) Linear and Structural Model (LISREL), The next stage is a qualitative analysis exploring factors influence of non muslim consumers to buy halal medicine. Primary data collection using in-depth interviews with 5 (five) of consumers who were selected and determined using purposive sampling method Our analysis results indicated that halal medicine perception has a significant effect on purchase repetition , halal medicine quality has a significant effect on purchase repetition, halal medicine safety has significant positive influences on the purchase repetition and also halal medicine knowledge has a significant effect on purchase repetition. The result of this study may provide an insight to halal medicine producers to look into the South East Asian consumers as one of their target market in halal medicine industry and will help to know the level of South East Asian Consumers knowledge and perception toward halal medicine. Novelty of this research is a new model of halal medicine perception, halal medicine quality, halal medicine safety and halal medicine knowledge on purchase intentions of South East Asian consumers in Indonesia with the Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods method with the scope of the territory of a country. This research can be a reference for similar research, and subsequent research can be conducted in other countries and could be adapted and adopted by other countries or in other regions.

Purpose - To analyses the influence of physical environment and prisoner's behavior by the implementation of control programs on the incidence of TB in Makassar City.
Methods - Samples in this study were 90 people who were taken based on people having symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis which included age, sex, level of education, occupation, and length of stay in prison, humidity, water temperature, room lighting, occupancy density, discharge behavior. Sputum / spit carelessly, smoking habits, cough / sneezing ethics, room contact with friends and implementation of control programs.
Results - The incidence of pulmonary TB ie from 90 respondents who suspected there were 41 respondents (45.6%). Variables that are significantly related to TB incidence are the discard phlegm on a reckless place variable, p = 0.008 (p <0.05). Discard phlegm on a reckless place against respondents affected by tuberculosis were 29 people (29%). Variable cough / sneezing ethics obtained p = 0.001 (p <0.05). More respondents were found when cough / sneezing was performed correctly on respondents who did not have tuberculosis in the amount of 25 people (52.1%). Variabel room contact with friends, p = 0.002 (p <0.05). Respondents of room contact with friends were bad for respondents who experienced tuberculosis, namely by 34 people (57.6%).
Conclusion - Discard phlegm on a reckless place, cough / sneezing ethics, room contact with friends are significantly related to TB incidence in Makassar City.

The purpose of this research is to know the psychological disorder in the incidence of hypertension among liquefaction refugees in Petobo Shelter. A cross-sectional design was performed. The total number of patients who visit the health post at a Petobo shelter is 3,079 people taken in accidental sampling. The analysis uses the univariate and bivariate analyses at a degree of confidence of 95% (α = 0.05). The chi-square test results show that anxiety (ρ = 0,031), depression (ρ = 0,008), and stress (ρ = 0,000) are associated with the incidence of hypertension. It is expected that hypertension sufferers should do breathing exercises, perform physical activity and meditation relaxation to avoid anxiety, negative thoughts, also avoiding depression, stress and do interact with someone else so that the mind is not saturated and easy to forget the negative thoughts.

This research purpose to analyze the effect of implementation of 5S (Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke) to business performance in the medical health industry industries. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using smart PLS software. Data collection methods using online questionnaires and snowball sampling technique, the number of respondents to be used are 240 respondents of medical health industry managers in Indonesia . The results of this research conclude that Seiri has a positive and significant effect on the business performance, Seiton has a positive and significant effect on the business performance, Seiso has a positive and significant effect on the business performance, Seiketsu has a positive and significant effect on the business performance, Shitsuke has a positive and significant effect on the business performance. This novelty of this research is build a new model of the effect of applying Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke to the medical health industry industries in Indonesia.

This article analyzes the impact of the leadership style of the head of the public health center in Central Java, Indonesia. The focus is on six main leadership styles, namely transformational, transactional, autocratic, charismatic, bureaucratic and democratic. This article has provided in-depth insights into leadership styles; democratic, transformational, bureaucratic and autocratic leadership have a positive impact on the performance of public health center staff in Central Java, Indonesia. Respondents in this study were 200 public health center staff. Distribution of the questionnaire by means of snowball sampling. The analysis uses a quantitative approach, with the help of a survey instrument, based on a questionnaire survey. Secondary research has been carried out through a previous review of the literature that is set to achieve the research objectives. The results of this article suggest that charismatic, bureaucratic and transactional leadership styles have a negative relationship with performance. A transformational, autocratic, and democratic leadership style, on the other hand, has a positive relationship with the performance of the head of the public health center in Central Java, Indonesia.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the extent to which Indonesia's ability to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Indonesia The Corona virus outbreak or commonly known as Covid-19 is getting more and more violent. The virus thought to have originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan has claimed many lives. Not only in the bamboo curtain country, countries on the continent of Europe, Asia, America and Africa are also affected by this virus, including Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) has designated COVID-19 as a pandemic. This pandemic has spread in 212 countries. Quoting from Worldometers, there were 3,911,454 people in the world infected with the corona virus, the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus reached 270,339 people. While those who recovered were recorded as many as 1,340,231 as of Friday. The Covid 19 pandemic has also weakened global economic growth, due to economic downturns. People in countries that have implemented lockdowns or social distancing have paralyzed the country's economy, many industries have closed and even laid off their employees. The impact is that the decreasing income of the lower middle class, especially workers and daily businesses, which are large in number, will quickly trigger a social contraction. Before the Corona outbreak alone, Indonesia had a potential crisis, due to Indonesia's dependence on imported goods to meet domestic consumption. This research is qualitative in nature by looking at the facts and existing data both from direct observation and from various electronic media. In the conditions of the Covid 19 pandemic, the Indonesian government established a Large-Scale Social Restriction (PSBB) policy with a social - physical distincting approach. , not by lockdown. This policy was taken by the government with economic considerations and the state's ability to worry about being unable to provide for the basic needs of the community during the Karatina region as mandated by Law no. 6 of 2018 concerning health quarantine. Meanwhile, the PSBB policy is considered not optimal in handling this pandemic outbreak because it is considered unable to cut the spread of the Covid 19 virus.

Among Vietnam's unique folklore treasures, festivals are the most typical cultural area. A festival, which attracts a great deal of interest in social life, is an integrated form of activities including spiritual and material aspects, religious beliefs, arts and culture, the sacred and everyday life, and so on. Out of more than 9000 festivals in Vietnam, about 7000 traditional festivals are widely scattered across the country. Studying changes in the spiritual life of Vietnamese people through traditional festivals contributes to building spiritual life and building an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity. In order to ensure the effective organization and management of festivals, promote the cultural identity and diversity of national festivals, a scientific and comprehensive survey is needed, clarifying origins, characteristics, values, scale, and financial sources for organizing festivals; identifying viewpoints, criteria and classification methods on traditional festivals and modern festivals in our country, chaired by a specialized agency for scientific research. On the basis of the survey findings, the state authorities study and consider which types of festivals need planning, management decentralization, and elaboration of management regulations, mechanisms and policies consistent with the characteristics of traditional festivals and modern festivals.

Objective to assess the influence of administering the tryptophan in the white male rats Rattus novergicus's testosterone and estradiol hormone levels. This research is experimental with the design of the posttest only control group design. The samples used as many as 28 rats were divided into 4 treatment groups. Each group is given an intraperitoneal injection of tryptophan with a dose level of 40mg, 50mg and 60mg/kg of bady weight. While one group was separated and made as control group. The treatments are given for 14 days and measured hormone levels using RIA. Based on assessment results, it was observed that there was a decrease in the average levels of testosterone (13,78nmol/L) and also observed an increase in the average level of the estradiol (8,65pg/dl) in the male white rat Rattus norvegicus when compared to the control group. The doses of tryptophan administered in the treatment group 1 is 40mg obtained the average testosterone levels 12,95nmol/L and average estradiol level of 9,87pg/dl. The doses of tryptophan administered in the treatment group 2 is 50mg obtained an average testosterone level of 11.03nmol/L and average estradiol level of 10,17pg/dl. The administration of tryptophan caused a decrease in the average testosterone levels in the control group and an increase in the average levels of estradiol compared to the control group even though the increase and decrease in the mean was not significant. It is likely that intraperitoneal administration of tryptophan has inhibitory effect of estradiol on testosterone.

The drug availability is still a problem in the JKN (National Health Coverage) era in Indonesia, this is the role of pharmaceutical industry in support the drugs availability by implementing good supply chain management. The research aims to identify the factors of production planning, production capacity and procurement of raw material in the pharmaceutical industry in support the drugs availability in the JKN era. This research is descriptive study with qualitative methods. This research uses primary data form in-depth interviews with employees at four national pharmaceutical companies that won the e-Catalogue tender as a producer of generic drugs in Jakarta. The sampling in this research is by purposive sampling with 6 key informants on supply chain management. The data was analyzed by interview transcripts, interpretation data and checking the validity of the data by triangulation. Production planning, production capacity and procurement of raw material have an influence on pharmaceutical companies in support the drugs availability. Production planning, production capacity and procurement of raw material have an influence on pharmaceutical companies in supporting drugs availability, because the RKO (drug requirement planning) used as the basis for procurement of drugs in e-Catalogue is inaccurate so the pharmaceutical companies can’t make accurate production planning and quantity of public drugs aren’t right amount, time and aren’t available when needed and procurement of material still depends on imported raw material with lead time 1-3 months so it can be increase of potentially a public drug stock out.

The current research included a study of photocatalytic degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films prepared by the pouring method after adding different weight ratios of nickel complex to a leucine derivative (0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%) with thickness of 75±5 μm. The effect of the additive ratio on the photocatalytic degradation speed of polymeric films relative to pure films before and after exposure to the source of ultraviolet was studied, which showed the highest absorption at the wavelength of 356 nm with irradiation times starting from 25-100 hrs. The photocatalytic degradation process has been monitored by using the UV-VIS spectrophotometer to calculate the degradation rate constant (Kd), the infrared (FT-IR) device to calculate the growth coefficient of carbonyl (ICO) and hydroxyl (IOH) groups and the viscosity technique to follow the change in the viscosity-average molecular weight. It was found through FT-IR and UV-Vis that the degradation rate constant and growth coefficients of carbonyl and hydroxyl were inversely proportional with the concentration of the added nickel complex and the irradiation time. The results of viscosity measurements obtained from the calculation of the degradation degree and the numerical rate of chain (S) scission showed that increasing concentrationS of the added nickel complex reduces the degradation of the polymer molecular weight. Thus it is considered a stabilizer for photocatalytic degradation

This paper adds a new Omni Directional Microstrip filter-antenna. In antenna design, this microstrip Lines are used to feed the V-shaped coupling slots in the ground Metal level. V-shaped coupling slots provide radiation at the top patches can detect the radiation action of the antenna. Bilateral power divider connected to the microstrip line, also understand the filtering function. The antenna has bandwidth 3.5 to 3.8 GHz of 0.50 GHz. In the frequency band from 3.2 to 3.6 GHz, average gain in vertical direction Antenna plane exceeds 10 dBi. Verlog hardware description Language architecture model. It is automatic and automatic mode with complex functionality. This work discusses the functional authentication of the DSP board using VLSI and MatLab. We can reduce and change the number register and complex parallel input / output functions. It is a pipeline based model so it is easy to change the step and adapt to any mathematical operations. Architecture is examined in terms of current functions and work environment

Identifying a site-based road in a structured environment is a challenging issue because there are no clear and unchanging features that can describe a road or boundary in a structured environment. The edges, boundaries, paths and tire tracks left on the road merge into a single point called the vanishing point. It is important to measure the invisible point for the Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) in structured and structured environments. The Optimal Local Dominance Orientation Method (OLDOM) is used based on image format analysis to quickly calculate the invisible area in structured environments. The combined action of the four Gabor energy responses is used independently to find the local dominant trend. The resulting vector is the correct local dominance trend. A positive distance-based voting scheme is used to determine the location of the disappearance. This approach indicates that each dominant trend will give more votes than the points closest to its beam. The invisible point where the pixel that eventually gets the most votes counts.

Association rule data mining provides to integrate large volume of dataset and extract information for making effective decisions. The extracting useful information is found large number of disjoint dataset with multiple cloud federations. Cloud federation is a collection of shared data and hosted from multiple cloud user environment. In this case the organizations are sharing data and adopt changing environments. The privacy preserving is an important factor and allows the organization to control the cloud environments while accessing the data. In the paper, we use association rule mining in federated cloud environment using spark model for preserving privacy. In this framework set of user can allows to access the private dataset and encrypt the dataset for providing privacy. In our proposed model we consider confidentiality, privacy and integrity major factors. We propose privacy preserving identity access mode with attribute based access control mechanism in cloud environment. The user can get access from set of policies granted by cloud environment. The spark model is used for testing the experiments and compares the results with existing methods.

The smart grid discusses to next generation power grids, with multi-directional streams of electricity and evidence to make aextensive distributed network. Through smart grid, the power system converts smart by communicating, sensing, control and applying intelligence. For superlative system, the smart grid technologies are furthercompanionable to certify many roles which can elevate with the amalgamation of the use of substance generation and transmission. The Smart grid is also kept the environment free from pollution; diminish the cost, effective operations, against all categories of threats and danger. Machine learning process isthe calculations which help in information handling to discover concealed examples or the forecast of results. The target of this archive is to look at the most utilized strategies of machine learning, for example, Vector Machine Backing, Descriptive Discriminant Analysis, Decision Trees what's more, Neural Networks, in Smart Grid applications. To this end, an examination is done in important distributions of the current writing.

Adaptive join algorithms have recently attracted a lot of attention in emerging applications that provide data through autonomous data sources in diverse network environments. Their main advantage over traditional joining technologies is that they can give the results they join as soon as the first input duplex is available, thereby improving the pipeline by joining the results and hiding the source or network delay. In this paper, we first suggest the new adaptive two-way join algorithm DINER (Dual Indexed-Loops Reactive Join) to increase the result rate. Diner combines two main components: the novel Retrofit technology, which allows algorithms to quickly switch between memory processing and a clea
r flushing approach aimed at increasing the productivity of memory tuples in producing results in the stage of reaching online. We are expanding the application of specific technology for a more challenging setup: managing more than two inputs. The Multi Active Relational Join Algorithm (MARA) is a multi-path joint operator that claims its principles from DINER. Tara surpasses previous compatible joint algorithms in our experiments with real and synthetic data sets, makes the best use of available memory and produces duplicates of results at significantly higher rates. In the presence of multiple experiments, our experiments show that MARA can produce a high percentage of initial results and surpass existing technologies for adaptive multi-path joining.

One of the fastest-growing industries in the world is the tourism industry, which is one of the major contributors to the services sector including Malaysia’s economy. In essence, the Tourism and Hospitality industry plays a major role in supporting Malaysian tourism. This paper investigated the factors that influence online booking behaviour by employing a quantitative research approach through descriptive research. These factors include independent variables such as location, price, safety, and facilities that may affect the online reviews and valence reviews towards the dependent variable, which is the hotel choice. Furthermore, the aim of this study is to discover or describe the behaviour in the usage of hotel booking systems. With the fast-growing tourism and hospitality industry, the pattern of hotel booking has also changed from the conventional booking system to online and paperless booking. This study has contributed to the literature on Tourism and Hospitality area that requires more research.

The world is facing with spread of pandemic COVID 19. India is now battling this pandemic. Fear of life has spread through all parts of society, race, country and world. It has brought the whole world to a standstill. People locked within four walls. This unprecedented situation for our generation had such restrictions imposed on daily living. This effects to people’s physical and mental health. This study focuses on the undergraduate's actions and day-to-day behaviours at the lockout time. The undergraduate's daily activities enabled us to understand how individuals change their behaviour over time, and how some people react differently to others.

Presently, brain tumor (BT) and Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) detection and classification processes become essential to save human lives. Automated diagnosis model using deep learning (DL) models finds useful to attain improved diagnostic outcome. This paper presents an ensemble of handcrafted and deep features for BT and ICH diagnosis. The proposed model comprises of three important processes, such as preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. The preprocessing of the input image takes place in three ways namely skull stripping, bilateral filtering (BF) and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) based contrast enhancement. In addition, scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) and AlexNet models are used for feature extraction process. In order to classify the existence of BT and ICH, two classification models is carried out such as gaussian naïve bayes (GNB) and random forest (RF).For validating the effective diagnostic performance of the proposed model, a set of simulations were carried out to determine the different class labels. The simulation outcome indicated the effective performance with the maximum sensitivity of 92.41%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 94.26%.

The decision of the management regarding the payment of dividend depends on the prevailing condition of the firm and also the preference of the investors. A number of researchers have advanced theories and provided empirical evidence regarding dividend policy issue, however, is yet unresolved and challenging. For this purpose, twenty nationalized banks in India are studied. Financial data for the same was retrieved for 5 years from the Stock exchange website, Financial Ratios and from Fact sheets of banks. The primary aim of this research is to develop an elaborate discussion on how the volatility is prevailed in the Indian stock market with the dividend policies of different banks. Statistical tool like Moving Average is used for comparing the market value of shares before the date of Dividend declaration and after the announcement of dividend declaration. This study has been undertaken with the intention of evaluating the effect of various Dividend Policy on market price of commercial banks listed in Bombay Stock Exchange. The results of the data analysis reveal that there is a significant effect of dividend policy on the market value of share price of selected Indian Banks. When Banks are display consistent dividend histories and pay more dividends to the shareholders they become more attractive to investors.

This paper mainly aims at introducing anti fuzzy km ideal on k algebras and intutionistic magnified translation. Here, basic concepts of fuzzy K-algebra and its KM ideal on K-algebras, intuitionistic fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy magnified translations under homomorphism and epimorphismpropertiesare defined and discussed. The results of anti-fuzzy KM Ideal on K-algebras and Instutionistic anti fuzzy Ideal are analyzed.

Until today there has been no information system that can update the data of early child growth and development disorder by age. The recording is still conducted manually so far. The objective of the research was to develop an effective and efficient early detection system for growth and development with prototype and database that can support child growth and development. The recording and reporting method employed in this information system was an incremental one. The result of the research showed that the child SDIDTK program had not involved the role of the community, including Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) cadres and related cross-sector such as Kindergarten Teacher. PROSA-HI application was developed using visual programming and SQL’s database equipped with data combination menu to facilitate the integration of data coming from Posyandu/PAUD where its area has no network. The result of PROSA-HI application included input, process, and output indicators of Child SDIDTK program based on child growth and development indicator. Also, there was information on under-five and pre-school age children that should be detected for their growth and development by developmental age during examination schedule.

This paper makes an attempt to analyse the impact of Le Deuxième Sexe ( The Second Sex- originally published in French in 1949) by Simone de Beauvoir where she exposed the ways in which the masculine dogma and beliefs exploit the sexual disparity to generate systems of discrimination. The French version of this book could reach only limited French speaking readers, but it rocked to new heights of fame and became the Bible of feminism in different parts of the world after being translated into English. Further this paper takes into consideration the ways in which this book by Beauvoir grew to the stature of becoming a seminal work of feminism, having a lasting impact on the psyche of black American feminists, white American feminists and Indian feminists with numerous other supporters of feminism across the globe. My intention in this paper is to explore how the English translation of Le Deuxième Sexe acted as a connector between cultures, languages and races. The paper makes an attempt to highlight the mode in which translation becomes significant both as a linguistic and cultural activity that contributes in the evolution of socio, political and cultural movements like feminism. Although Simone de Beauvoir wrote about her immediate local concerns in her book Le Deuxième Sexe but with the English translation into The Second Sex it reached a glocal scenario. Beauvoir awakened the women folk worldwide and helped them in transforming into new women who were ready to conquer the erstwhile male dominated world.

This study aims to determine how to build a business strategy to mediate multidimensional entrepreneurial orientation as measured by the dimensions of innovation, proactivity and risk-taking in improving company performance (study on street vendors in Surakarta). The results of the research with path analysis test show that business strategy is able to mediate the multidimensional influence of entrepreneurial orientation as measured by the dimensions of innovation, proactivity and risk-taking. The results showed that all dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation had a significance value smaller than α = 0.05. While the results of the direct proactive effect have no significant effect on business strategy, innovation and proactive have no significant effect on the performance of street vendors {Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL)} in Surakarta, Indonesia. So that the multidimensional influence of entrepreneurial orientation as measured by the dimensions of innovation, proactive and risk-taking on company performance is better indirectly with the business strategy variable as an intervening variable.

The leadership of the Regional Head of Cimahi City, Indonesia is very influential in mobilizing and directing all employees in achieving the organizational vision. The Regional Head of Cimahi City, Indonesia, in mobilizing employees to adopt a transformational leadership style through the characteristics of idealized leadership, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration. This study uses qualitative methods with the aim of being able to deeply analyze how the styles and characteristics of the transformational leadership of the Regional Head of Cimahi City, Indonesia in achieving the vision. The results of this study are that the Regional Head of Cimahi City, Indonesia has carried out the style and characteristics of transformational leadership in mobilizing and mobilizing employees to achieve a vision based on developing employee commitment by integrating transformational leadership characteristics, namely: ideal influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual consideration.

A series of synthesis of some substituted isoxazole derivatives using efficient ultra sound sonication method in methanol solvent. Firstly the synthesis of different substituted chalcones using substituted aldehydes and substituted acetophenones using triethylamine as base in ethanol solvent under sonication. In second step synthesized substituted chalcones is reacted with two equivalents of hydrochloride salt of ammonium hydroxide, sodium oxalate and methanol under sonication at 30-35OC to afford a substituted isoxazole derivatives in 90-98% of yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of NMR, and MS analysis. This method has a several advantages over current reaction methodologies, such as shorter reaction times, simple work-up procedure and good percent yields.

In the history the out broke of pandemic had caused much damage on humanity. There were different pandemic such as cholera pandemic and flu pandemic, Spanish flu, Asian flu, SARS, MERS, Ebola etc. but COVID-19 has shaken the entire world and irrespectively affected all people. Particularly, it caused mental health challenge for children and adolescents. (fear, worry, panic, stress, anxiety, depression, difficulty in sleeping, loss of appetite, isolation, emotional and relational problem and conduct restriction).Though COVID-19 has created greater opportunity for the personal growth and family cohesion but brought huge damage on children and adolescents. Despite of all sensitization done by the government about the pandemic and preventive measures to be observed such as hand washing with sanitizer, wearing mask and practicing social distancing, people are not following them in day today life. Thus, the appropriate psychosocial care programme needs to be developed to strengthen the coping skills and promoting the positive psychological and emotional wellbeing of children and adolescents.

The children and adolescents of rural and urban community struggle with different psychosocial problems such as fear, stress, anxiety, depression, emotional, conduct problems and hyperactivity during this outbreak of COVID-19 Pandemic. The present study is a cross sectional descriptive study design. The Non-Governmental organization was selected from rural area of Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The socio demographic data sheet and in-depth interview were administered to the respondents. Convenient sampling technique was used for selection of rescued children and adolescents. A total of 124 male adolescents participated in the study. Through in-depth interview it was found that majority of the urban adolescents suffered with fear, worry, stress, anxiety, depression, lack of coping skills and poor mental health. Other hand, the respondents from rural part did not suffer with any severe mental health problems. Thus, the appropriate psychosocial care programme needs to be developed to strengthen the coping skills and promoting the positive psychological and emotional wellbeing of children and adolescents.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is a common chronic sleep disorder affecting the upper airway, resulting in an intermittent stoppage in breathing due to which the person has sleep fragmentation. This was first described in the fictional literature by Charles Dickens and later emerged as a global condition identified by the medical world. Being a multifactorial condition, the treatment demands a collaborative effort from different fields of medicine and dental sleep medicine. Orthodontists,being experts in the craniofacial region play a fundamental role in the therapy of OSA. With proper diagnosis and utmost care, OSA can be recognized and managed at an early stage through an interdisciplinary approach, thereby arresting the progression to more severe forms.

A novel N-(5-oxo-2-phenylimidazolidin-1-yl)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (1) was synthesized using Biginelli reaction at room temperature. The dual heterocyclic compound 1 was characterized using the analytical techniques such as FT-IR, 1H & 13C-NMR, Mass analysis, UV-visible and fluorescent spectroscopic system. The data on charge density was used to explain the characteristics of molecular systems. In addition, in the form of the complete and partial density of states, the HOMO-LUMO energy gap, electrostatic potential map and some quantum chemical insights have been obtained. Furthermore, to demonstrate the possible applications of dihydropyrimidinone 1 in nonlinear optics the polarizability and first hyperpolarizability were measured. Molecular docking is also determined in order to illustrate the overexpression of estrogen receptor in 80 % of 2J9M protein. The compound 1 was subjected for its antioxidant (ABTS) and anticancer activity (DPPH) by in-vitro analyses and found with substantial antioxidant activity.

The epidemic of Covid-19 has created a disastrous situation around the globe. The spread of Covid-19 is drastically increasing day by day. Machine learning is one of the efficient tools to track the outbreak of the disease, forecast the probable confirmed and death cases as well as the fatality rate. This study applies multiple regression analysis which is one of the supervised machine learning algorithms to analyze and forecast the fatality rate. The study was conducted to predict the spread of Covid-19 in areas of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and India. R-Square (R2), Mean square error (MSE), Root mean square error (RSME) and Mean absolute error (MAE) are the main measures used to predict the accuracy of the algorithm. The results reveal that the case fatality rate is higher in Telangana compared to Andhra Pradesh and India, and more diseased cases are observed in Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted with the available data; if sufficient data is available then the more precise predictions could be possible using multiple regression analysis.

This review aims to summarise the properties, interactions, biocompatibility and associated adverse reactions of the commonly used orthodontic materials in clinical practice.
The recent years have seen the introduction of a variety of new orthodontic products necessitating the need for an all-inclusive training in the dental materials field. It is essential for orthodontists to have the basic knowledge about composition of these materials, their structure and properties. Clinically the interactions of orthodontic materials with the hard tissues in the oral cavity and with other dental materials can lead to the issue cytotoxicity and allergic reactions for both patients and doctors. The background about these interactions will allow the orthodontist to make correct material selections which will provide for adequate treatment mechanics and simultaneously equip him/her with the knowledge to deal with the complex effects of the orthodontic materials in the oral environment
Several electronic databases were searched for relevant research and material regarding biocompatibility and interactions of the commonly used orthodontic materials in clinical practice.The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), meta Register of Controlled Trials, WHO, Digital Dissertations and Google Scholar were used to look for the relevant data. The references and citations of already existing reviews and articles on the issue of biocompatibilty were also searched.
This review is mainly done to attain better knowledge about the biocompatibility of different materials that are used in the orthodontic practice and their associated effects.

English language has been now hooked up as a language of world verbal exchange and a language of opportunities. A high diploma of talent in English and brilliant communication skills decorate students’ employability. The study discusses the problems of speaking skills among Bharathiar Engineering College students. Before the interference pretest has been conducted to know their problems in speaking skills using questionnaire. Based on an analysis of the questionnaire Collaborative learning techniques has been implemented in order to enhance students speaking skills. The techniques implemented helps students to enrich their speaking skills since it is a group work students find at ease and participate actively in order to complete a task. At the end posttest has been conducted using questionnaire as a tool where positive comments have been given by the students. Thus, Collaborative learning techniques upholds student learning and educational accomplishment.

The role of digitalization reflects transformative solutions to social pressure, economy, politics, environment, and others, forcing the government as one that runs public organizations to be involved in it. Digitalization is required to be able to embrace all aspects of the public, one of which is the aspect of employment. The Regional Civil Service Agency innovation system of East Java Province is an implication of the Human Resources Management information system in realizing a merit system under the mandate of Law number 5 of 2014. This research aims to describe digitalization theory, human resource and capital management, and merit systems This is library research. Data are collected from supporting books related to digitalization theory, human resource management, human capital resources, and merit systems. Data sources are journals, papers, theses, dissertations, and internet searches. Based on the results, this study argues that in digitizing services it is necessary to take measurements as Mergel, Edelmann, and Haug theory which include reasons for the digital transformation of objects, process, and results. The government needs to accommodate services in digital form so that aspects of service can be carried out effectively and efficiently.

The purpose of this research is to describe the leadership role of madrasah head master, the results of the leadership role of the head of madrasah, and the supporting and inhibiting factors of school leadership in improving the education quality of madrasah. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects of this study were head of madrassa, vice principals, and teachers. The research was conducted at MTs Negeri Sragen Indonesia. The data collection methods used interview techniques, observation and documentation. The results showed that: (1) The leadership role of the head of MTs Negeri Sragen as a central element has been optimal as a determinant of school success so that the principal has sufficient time to monitor the madrassa activities; (2) The results of improving the quality of madrasah education are in the form of the quality of facilities and infrastructure such as laboratory and library, the students’ achievement in reciting Al-Quran and reading of the yellow book, the construction of new classroom buildings, improving the administrative skills of teachers' learning; (3) The supporting factors come from internal and external in form of a democratic madrasah principal type, the solidarity and the unity of madrasah citizens, motivation and morale of teachers, the good support from parents, the hallmark of local wisdom as the hallmark of madrasah. The obstacle factors were related to the limited physical facilities, learning media, library books, information technology, and laboratories, several policies from the madrasah principal that bind and limit schools to innovation, the limited funding sources and a lack of professionalism and discipline of teachers

Some pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in Indonesia have programs focusing on Tahfidzul Al-Qur'an. The problem that arises in the program is the learning process, like the inadequacy of the methods used in the management of learning Tahfidz Al-Qur'an. This study aims to describe planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, supporting and inhibiting factors, as well as the results achieved in the learning management of Tahfidz Al-Qur'an. This research method uses a descriptive-qualitative approach through interview techniques, observation and documentation or copying in collecting data. The results of this study show that the planning in Tahfidzul Qur'an program at the Boarding School is carried out with four stages of selection, organizing by determining tasks and mechanisms in the learning process, implementation is marked by the learning process of memorizing the Qur'an, by monitoring the progress of memorizing Al-Qur'an by the santri via the monitoring book and the presence list of santri. The supporting factor comes from the boarding school environment, while the inhibiting factor is the lack of consistency of the students in memorizing the Tahfidz al-Qur'an. The success achieved by the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an program in Islamic boarding schools can be seen from the results of the achievements of the competition Tahfidz Al-Qur'an at various levels and competitions.

The study compared the difference in removal torque values of titanium/titanium implant abutment interface and titanium/zirconium implant abutment interface with and without entrapped soft tissue, employing an in vitro model. Porcine tissue specimens were prepared to thickness of 0.5 mm. Twenty internal hex implants were embedded in acrylic block. Four groups (n = 5) were studied. Titanium and zirconium abutments were tightened with and without entrapped tissue, to each of the 20 titanium implants. Using a digital torque gauge all the abutments were torqued to 20 Ncm (Newton-Centimetre). Specimens with entrapped tissue were immersed in 1 M NaOH (Molar sodium hydroxide) for 48 hours to dissolve tissue to simulate salivary breakdown in the oral cavity. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each group. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare reverse torque values between two groups. Statistically significant variation in reverse torque values was found between all groups with and without tissue entrapment, (p < 0.05). The difference in torque drop for Zirconium/Titanium implant abutment interface with and without tissue entrapment was found to be (12.12 Ncm) and (13.48 Ncm) respectively after 48 hours. The difference in torque drop following 48 hours noted for Titanium/Titanium interface with and without tissue entrapment was found to be (13.86 Ncm) and (15.87 Ncm) respectively. Study revealed that tissue entrapment significantly lowers the reverse torque values.

Aim: The present study was conducted to quantitatively assess the apical extrusion of debris with three commercially available file systems. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on forty five freshly extracted maxillary central incisors with non-traumatic methods. All 45 samples were selected carefully and segregated into three study groups based on the three commercially available file systems. Authors have ensured to study only NiTi rotary and filing systems so as to maintain standard and constancy in results. Consequently, in group I Mtwo Basic Sequence Files were used for canal preparation and shaping. In group II, ProFile GT Rotary Files were used in the sequence for accurate canal preparation and shaping. In group III, TF Adaptive Files was used for meticulous canal preparation and shaping. Preweighed glass vials (10 ml) were used for debris collection. Results thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis & Results: Statistical analysis was attempted using statistical software ‘Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)’ version 21. The recorded information was subjected to appropriate statistical tests to obtain p values and mean. P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Debris extrusion in group I was 0.14 milligrams, in group II was 0.23 milligrams and in group III was 0.32 milligrams. The standard deviation for group I, II and II was 0.837, 0.928 and 0.383 respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study the authors have concluded very significant inferences about the studied file systems. They noticed that maximum amount of root canal debris were extruded when filling was attempted by TF Adaptive Files. However, these inferences must be correlated with other clinical circumstances and operators skills. Authors also propose other studies to be conducted those include larger samples and multi-rooted teeth.

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common median nerve peripheral neuropathy characterized by pain, paresthesia. The study was done to determine the prevalence of clinical signs of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) and its association with biographic and occupational information among dentists in Qatar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-assessment questionnaire for the initial assessment of patients presenting with symptoms of CTS. The questionnaire comprises biographic and occupational information and the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS). In the SSS, there are 11 questions; responses may be scored from zero (mildest) point to four (most severe) points. The mean of all 11 scores was used to calculate the result. Therefore, a higher symptom severity score indicates worse symptoms. Obtained data was evaluated with SSPS software version 20.
Result: Sixty-six dentists completed the survey giving an overall response rate of 71.7%. The prevalence of CTS was 24.2% as per the symptom questionnaire. The overall mean (±SD) symptom severity scale (SSS) score was 0.70 (±0.74). No statistically significant difference in score was found with biographic and occupational information.
Conclusion: The prevalence of probable CTS among dentists in Qatar was relatively high. Early diagnosis of symptoms and education regarding ergonomic risk may impact the successful management of CTS.

Currently universities have been transforming the teaching model, developing Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), during the period of COVID-19 free courses have been offered to expand online learning. The objective is to know whether the use of MOOC courses has increased during the pandemic period and whether it has impacted learning and online skills. The new methodologies have adapted toteaching. Online learning is helping to access educational content and offering the possibility to combine with work.
In this article, you're interested in analyzing students' reflections on online teaching versus face-to-face learning. In order to analyze student reflection, quantitative research was conducted involving 150 university students entries registered in MOOC programs; among the results it is highlighted that the use of the courses has increased during this period having a high motivation in the study. In conclusion, it is highlighted that higher education has given a response to COVID by strengthening the new skills of university teachers.

Active aging increases the expectation of healthy existence and quality of life for all people who age, including those who are fragile, physically incapacitated and require care (Salmerón et al., 2014). It is a stage full of positive experiences, with opportunities for participation and health, all aimed at improving the quality of life of the elderly (Flores-Tena, 2020).Research focuses on the goal to understand the causes and factors that influence the active aging process to prevent dependence on older people. The sample of the study wasmade up of 120 people. The conclusions of the study are part of society at this stage preventing dependence through programs that offer to promote active aging.

A special type of language is used in deaf community across the globe a form of non-verbal sign language. The language interpretation is very difficult because of not derived from the common source of origin. The conversion of hand gesture into auditory speech uses a device called Deaf-Mute language interpreter. Hand movement with particular shape and angle is considered as a sign language. In the meantime, gesture also adds the facial expression. Sign is the static shape or position of the hand to indicate communication. This work focus to provide a glove based smart system to translate deaf-mute communication. The objective is to develop a smart glove that can able to interpret 10 characters from the American Sign Language (ASL).The smart glove is designed in such a way that, LDR sensors are attached to fingers to gather the position of the finger to identify the characters. The design uses MSP430 microcontroller to meet the low power constraints for portable smart glove. The translated character is sent to computer through ZigBee wireless protocol and then pronounces the letter through the text to voice module. The whole translation mechanism takes minimum time to read the finger position and to produce a voice message.

AbstractLinguistics is the science of language learners. In this aspect, linguistic competence means the acquisition of knowledge by language material (vocabulary, phonetics and grammar) and skills by the type of speech activity (listening, speaking, reading and writing). However, we have identified the requirements for the level of preparedness of undergraduate graduates of non-language higher educational institutions in the field of professional activity, including the linguistic competences, such as linguistic competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence and pragmatic competence. Moreover, modular learning, being a student-centered learning technology, is best adapted to the use of competence-based and integrative approaches on which modern foreign language teaching is based. Though, each integrative module is focused on the student’s mastering of a certain competence or several competencies.

An exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the amount of 20 mg/L and 1200 mg/L was obtained from the culture supernatant of Lactobacillus casei K7/3 grown in MRS broth and in a broth based on the whey of cottage cheese, respectivily. In the IR spectrum of EPS, intense absorption bands were found, generally characteristic of a class of carbohydrates. The molecular weight of the EPS obtained from L. casei K7/3 was 5600 Da, the polydispersity index was 1.9. The EPS from L. casei K7/3 consisted from a dextrose, mannose and galactose in molar ratio of 2.7:1.5:1, respectively. Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values of an EPS against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 1911 revealed between 10 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL. An in vitro study of the antioxidant activity of L. casei K7/3 EPS in the diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH) system showed that radical scavenging activity (RSA) has being increased depending on the concentration of the investigated EPS. The maximum %RSA was detected at 4 mg/ml being 26%.

The review article presents an existing methods overview of adenomatous tissue enucleation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. A brief development history of both traditional (open adenomectomy) and endoscopic enucleation techniques is presented. Special attention is paid to modern transurethral surgical BPH treatment methods. The features of holmium laser enucleation performing technique of the prostate are considered in detail as one of the most radical modern surgical treatment methods of prostatic hyperplasia. Other laser and non-laser enucleation methods are also covered. It was carried out a comparative analysis of open and endoscopic techniques. The endoscopic adenomectomy term validity has been determined (бу гапни олиб иашлаш керак).

Mankind has struggled with many diseases throughout its history. Infectious diseases are especially prevalent among the population. According to its scope, such infectious diseases are called pandemics, epidemics. Among the population of Central Asia, a number of diseases, such as plague, plague, malaria, tuberculosis, and ringworm, have caused partial or mass extinction. The characteristics of the geographical distribution of these diseases largely depended on the natural and social geographical conditions of the regions, the lifestyle and traditions of the population.The effects of the Spanish flu pandemic, which has killed nearly 100 million people in the last hundred years among a wide range of diseases, have had a profound effect on the nosogeographic situation, especially in Europe and later in the Americas. Analyzes show that the deterioration of the environment, man's unlimited domination of nature, the deterioration of the ecological situation, as well as the spread of related diseases on earth pose new challenges to medical geography, which studies the causes and patterns. The rapid development of science and technology, the steady increase in human impact on nature and consequently, a number of negative changes in the natural environment have a significant impact on human health. The acceleration of the process of urbanization which in turn causes problems such: as air, water and soil pollution.

Object: The study causal factors, as well as obstetrics outcomes of labor in women with premature rupture of membranes and tactics of labor management.
Subject and methods: The study material was the history of childbirth of 106 pregnant women in whom labor was complicated by premature rupture of the membranes in the period from 22-36 weeks of gestation, delivery in the Bukhara regional perinatal center for the period 2017-2019.
Results: This article presents the results of a retrospective study in which childbirth was complicated by premature rupture of the membranes. The results show the significant role of premature rupture of the membranes in the development of obstetrics complications, especially in women with aggravated somatic and gynecological anamnesis.
Conclusion: Premature discharge of amniotic fluid, as a result of pathological growth of conditionally pathogenic microbiocenosis of cervico-vaginal, which was the cause of chorioamnionitis, which contributed to a significant increase in the specific frequency of obstetrics pathologies.

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The distributions of chemical elements in surface waters are determined by their prevalence in the Earth's crust and their solubility in water. The complexity of the chemical composition of surface water bodies are determined by the presence in them of a large number of chemical elements and the diversity of their compounds, as well as by the different content of each of them, which varies in different types of waters, which is associated with the peculiarities of conditions of their formation Aim:To study and assess the dynamics of changes in the chemical composition of water samples from the Amudarya River.
Materials and methods. The water intake point was located in Olotsky district of Bukhara region, 110 km from Bukhara city on the bank the Amu-Bukhara canal the Amudaryariver. To determine organoleptic characteristics, chemical composition, and 
mineralization of water, water samples were taken in compliance with all official requirements [9, 10]. The studies were carried out during the last 5 years (2015-2019) and primary and repeated studies were conducted every 2 years.
Results.It was found that during the period of observation, all indicators, and components affecting organoleptic properties of Amudarya River water - iron, manganese, copper, zinc, fluorine, SSFA, polyphosphates were within the norm, except for the content of petroleum products and BOС5, which were above the upper limits of the norm in some samples. But this increase in the standard is of random nature and does not reflect the true state of water quality of the AmudaryaRiver at the point of water intake.
Conclusions.It was found that organoleptic indices and some indicators of water mineralization, as well as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, sulfate, chlorides in samples of Amudarya River water in primary and repeated studies was mainly within the normative values (O'zDSt 950-2011). The absence of nitrites indicates that there is no fresh contamination of the studied water body. It is proved that no increase in inorganic concentrations (aluminum, beryllium, arsenic, mercury, lead, etc.) were found in samples of Amudarya River water in comparison with normal values, but some parameters of toxic chemical elements (calcium) remain stably high for the whole period of observation. It is established that according to these studied parameters the studied water is suitable for use by the population for household and cultural and domestic purposes, but when providing the population with drinking water, it is necessary to keep in mind the constantly increased content of water salinity (calcium).

COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected dentistry due to high coronavirus infectivity and dangerous consequences. Special recommendations were developed for dentists to limit the infection of staff and patients. to study the reasons for children visiting dental clinics during COVID-19 pandemic and give the characteristics of the patients and provided dental treatment. The cross-sectional study was conducted in four dental clinics, which worked for dental emergency in the cities of Volgograd and Volzhky during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic. The data about 166 paediatric dental patients aged 1-17 years were collected. The reasons for children’s dental visits, age and behavior of the children, the tooth types, and the types of provided treatment were analyzed. The children’s behavior was assessed according to Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale. Proportions (%), 95% Confidence Interval (CI), mean-value with standard error (M±m) were calculated. The differences were assessed by Pierson’s Chi-square test at p-value 0.05. Microsoft-office Excel-2019 programs were used for the statistic analysis. The majority (98.8%, 95% CI 95.7-99.7%) of the children visited dental clinics due to acute toothache. The primary teeth needed urgent treatment significantly more often than permanent teeth: 83.7% (95% CI 77.8-88.3%) and 16.3% (95% CI 11.7-22.2%) respectively, x2 = 172.171, p < 0.0001. Among the primary teeth the most affected ones were the first and second molars, among the permanent teeth – the first molar. The common reasons for urgent dental treatment in children were caries consequences: apical periodontitis (51.6%, 95% CI 44.5-58.6) or pulpitis (35.3%, 95% CI 28.8-42.3). The other reasons were dental trauma, caries, periostitis, physiological primary tooth mobility. Acute pain in the primary teeth was caused mainly by apical periodontitis, in the permanent teeth by pulpitis. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of aerosol generating procedures, reducing the duration of the treatment and preventing the patients’ hospitalization. Almost all the primary teeth with apical periodontitis were extracted; the number of extracted and endodontically treated permanent teeth was approximately equal. The current methods of pulpitis treatment (pulp capping, pulpotomy and pulpectomy) were applied along with the pulp necrotizing agent use. Many (39.7%, 95% CI 32.6-47.4%) children demonstrated negative behavior. Behavior management techniques were used, including tell-show-do (54.5%, 95% CI 42.6-66.0%), sedation (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), general anesthesia (3.0%, 95% CI – 0.8-10.4%), passive restraint (39.4%, 95% CI 28.5-51.4%). In the limitation of this study we can conclude that COVID-19 pandemic changed the profile of paediatric dental patients and dentist’s treatment options. In 1-17-year-old children the main reason for an emergency dental visit was acute dental pain due to caries consequences. The primary teeth needed urgent dental treatment significantly more often than the permanent teeth. The children often demonstrated negative behavior and required behavior management. The applied treatment methods were aimed at limiting the use of

hydrobiology, phytoplankton, surface water bodies, total abundance and biomass of phytoplankton.
The aim was to study the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton in the studied areas of surface water bodies of the Bukhara region. It was found that in the studied water bodies (Tudakul lakes and Kuyumazar reservoir), Bacillariophyta (34 species), Chlorophyta (20 species), Cyanophyta(15 species), less often Dinophyta(5 species), Englenophyta (1 species) were found. The highest total phytoplankton abundance in water samples from both reservoirs was Cyanophyta, and the highest phytoplankton biomass was recorded in Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. At the same time, Englenophyta and Dinophyta were not found in the waters of the Kuyumazarreservoir. In the phytoplankton samples from Lake Tudakul, planktonic freshwater-brackish-water forms b-mesosaprobic predominated; brackish-water b- and b- and α-mesosaprobic species of algae prevailed.
The role of aquatic organisms in the life of various water bodies is enormous. They take part in the circulation of matter and energy, in the accumulation of bottom sediments, and are also of great medical and social importance due to the use of numerous surface water bodies for household, drinking and cultural and domestic purposes [1, 3]. For this reason, the determination of phytoplankton is mandatory according to UzSS 950-2011 “Drinking water. Hygiene requirements and quality control “(Interstate Standard) and UzSS 951-2011” Sources of centralized drinking water supply.Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules” (Interstate Standard) [12, 13]
The most important part of aquatic ecosystems is the aquatic biota, represented by a mosaic of interconnected biocenoses that occupy all possible biotopes in watercourses and reservoirs: they inhabit the water column (plankton), the thickness and surface of the soil (benthos), overgrow the surface of solid rocky substrates washed by water or settling on the surface of macrophytes and in the turf of water moss (periphyton). Their species composition and structure are entirely determined by the climatic and landscape conditions prevailing in the river corridors and coastal zones of lakes [2]. Consequently, biocenoses can be considered as information systems that characterize the state of not only specific water bodies, but also the surrounding natural complexes on the territory of which they are located [8].

Neuropathy of facial nerve (NFN) is actual problem in neurology, which is determined by the frequency of complications and the lack of a sufficiently effective treatment. In this research there are developed optimal methods of rehabilitation therapy of peripheral neuropathy of the facial nerve using acupuncture, therapeutic exercises, taking into account the peculiarities of clinical and functional changes depending on the timing of the disease. 64 outpatient records of patients (n = 64) aged from 16 to 60 years with a lesion of the facial nerve were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 34 patients who received acupuncture with electrostimulation together with pharmacotherapy. The control group included 30 patients who used pharmacotherapy. The use of A-IRT and ES together with pharmacotherapy made it more effective in restoring facial nerve neuropathy and its complications than using these methods separately from each other. Early use of these techniques in patients at the onset of the disease may be the cause of complete rejection of glucocorticoid, hormonal therapy, which makes it possible to optimize the rehabilitation of the facial nerve lesion based on the restoration of functions of the affected facial muscles.

Maqolada o’zbek milliy avtostereotiplari va geterostereteotiplarini ermpirik o’rganish natijalari miqdor va psixologik jihatdan tahlil qilingan. Kalit so‘zlar: o‘zbek, milliy, avtostereotip, geterostereteotip, etnik, mansublik, kognitiv component, affektiv component. Annotation: The article analyzes the results of the empirical study of Uzbek national autostereotypes and heterostereotypes in quantitative and psychological terms.

To increase the efficiency of prosthetics, the use of metal, metal-ceramic and zircon dentures was determined. The issues of modern methods of dental prosthetics are highlighted. The analysis of the most common errors and complications in prosthetics with the use of fixed structures has been carried out. The assessment of the physical and technical properties of cermet structures remains poorly studied. To exclude ceramic chips, antagonizing dentures are not brought to contact, which can lead to deformation. Thus, the question of the influence of fixed prostheses on the clinical and morphological state in the absence of periodontal tissues remains unstudied.

It is an unforgivable mistake to underestimate the role of motivation in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, to look at it as an insignificant issue, to ignore the requirements in this regard. Focusing on some of the technological challenges of shaping lifestyles, it is important to note that science cannot rely on a flow of science-based information to find solutions to existing problems, both in science and in the process of shaping a healthy lifestyle. Motivation is based on the fact that people need to work hard to ensure their health, which is an important vital need, and not to leave it in the clutches of fate and the vortex of life.

This article deals with the main subject of medical informatics, namely medical information. Its definition is given, the types of medical information are classified and their properties are determined. Focused primarily on professionals, it contains a description of methods, models of technologies for the development of complex information systems, which include MIS. The main focus is on the organization and design of the storage subsystem.

In this work, we analyzed the frequency of violations of the vaginal microbiota and the development of infectious and inflammatory complications during post-placental intrauterine contraceptive administration during abdominal delivery. Currently, the incidence of infectious and inflammatory diseases in obstetrics does not tend to decrease. In the structure of infectious and inflammatory diseases, a significant place is occupied by postoperative purulent-septic complications – endometritis, suppuration of wounds on the uterus and anterior abdominal wall after cesarean section. One of the tasks solved in the course of this study was to identify the correlation between the state of the birth canal microbiota and the development of complications when using IUDs during cesarean section.

The article highlights the negligence and irresponsibility of the industrial enterprises built in Uzbekistan in 1940-1980, which led to environmental problems. Lack of technical equipment in the chemical, petroleum, mining and construction industries built in the country, low allocation of funds for material and technical bases have led to a sharp increase in environmental damage at enterprises. Atmospheric air, soil, water and nearby populations suffered from industrial waste. Over the years, the environmental situation in Uzbekistan has worsened due to the fact that industrial enterprises are in need of repair. Since the former union was the sole owner of these industrial enterprises, local leaders could not solve even the simplest problems in industrial enterprises on their own. Activities in industrial enterprises were managed by the center. The appeals of the local population were not taken into account, and no measures were taken to prevent diseases and environmental tragedies among the population. As a result, the pollution of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, the main water sources of Central Asian countries, has created economic and social problems. Historical and research sources provide information on the catastrophic impact of the waste from the chemical aluminum plant in Tajikistan on the environmental situation in the transboundary regions of Uzbekistan, including Surkhandarya.

This article explores the problem of evacuating children and institutions during the Second World War in Uzbekistan, focuses on aspects such as reception and accommodation, and the role of evacuation centers and their staff in the systematic organization of evacuation work. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study the problem to identify the state of work, the mechanisms of activity of local governments, institutions, the scope and results of activities. It was shown that the evacuation of children, their reception and placement were the focus of local authorities. The complexity of the work, its difficulties and ways to solve the emerging problems is highlighted. An analysis of the sources indicates that in the most difficult conditions of the war there was a state policy for the protection and preservation of childhood, the preservation of the country's gene pool.

This article is explored the least studied topic in the history of Khorezm - the life and work of German mennonites who lived in the oasis from 1884 to 1935. The scientific novelty of the article is that it covers the land ownership of the Mennonite Germans during the collectivization period through documents in the Khorezm regional state archive that have not yet been put into scientific use. At the same time, the arrival of the Mennonite Germans from Europe to Russia, and from there to Khorezm, and their activities in various fields in the oasis are also revealed through the facts in Russian archives and books by Russian authors of the early 20th century. It is for the first time, based on archival data, that Germans, especially during the Soviet era of collectivization, tried to operate as farms, as they did abroad, without handing over their lands to the collective farms.

The article provides a scientific analysis of the growing role of integration in the education system in modern society and ways to implement the integration of education, science and industry.

Samples of mesoporous sorbents based on tetraethoxysilane and titanium dioxide in an acidic medium were obtained using the sol-gel technology. The synthesized mesoporous sorbents are characterized by a large specific surface area of 700-950 m2 / g, as well as an average diameter of 2.6-6.5 nm and a low pore volume of 0.60-0.90 cm3 / g. It was found that a hysteresis loop is observed in the mesoporous sorbents during the adsorption of benzene and water vapors. The phase composition of the sorbents was studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), surface characteristics by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mesoporous sorbents can be used as a sorbent for gas chromatographic separation of light alkanes, olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers and esters.

Amides of ricinoleic, lactic, cinnamic, sorbic, itaconic acids with homoveratrylamine have been synthesized in 70-88% yields. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by the data of NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of cancer diseases worldwide. Mortality from malignant tumors is second only to pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Oncological diseases take many lives not only among the elderly, but also among the relatively young generation.

There will be studied modeling the water resources contamination level in open nodes. The mathematical formulation of the problem of calculating unsteady flows in an arbitrary system of river channels based on one-dimensional equations of the Saint- Venant type is given in this work. Wastewater in the basin is controlled by six indicators: BOD, petroleum products, suspended solids, total phosphorus and nitrogen, as well as iron. Four cleaning methods are considered: mechanical, chemical, biological and biochemical. In the calculation process, each of these methods of wastewater treatment can be compared with the rest.

This article describes information and communication technologies as a key philosophical attribute of an informed society. It covers the origin of the term "information society", its impact on the socio-economic development of the information society, as well as the development of production, processing, storage, processing and transmission of information to members of society and the development of information and communication technologies.

The article deals with the comparative study of English and Turkic, grammatical forms namely Karaklpak and Uzbek voice forms. The category of voice is one of the most complicated categories of verb morphology nearly in all the languages of the world.
Traditionally, the English language is typologically classified as an analytic language with the elements of the synthetic structure. This definition is exemplified by the category of voice is expressed by a synthetic form and the passive voice is expressed an analytical form of the word.
This fact only shows how topical is the research, that is the comparative study of voice forms in different languages.
The subject of the article is the homogeneous voice composites found a lot in Karakalpak and Uzbek languages. Here in one word form we sometimes find two or more voice meanings, which we named as “Homogeneous voice composites” that is simultaneous use of different voice forms.
This phenomenon can be met in very few, namely agglutinative languages of Karakalpak and Uzbek Type.
The author considers that this article will be of certain interest for those who investigates the pragmalinguistics aspect of language functioning, especially on the morphemic level.

Today, researchers and policymakers are very concerned about increasing greenhouse gases and CO2 because they detect infrared radiation emitted from the earth's surface. The amount of gaseous carbon dioxide released by plants, either from the air or from plants to the air. The Central Forest fir trees are a natural resource that is essential for life in Russia. One of the benefits is that it can control and absorb carbon dioxide in the air. The factors that influence the release of CO2 are air temperature, soil temperature, and humidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of CO2 flux emitted in various conditions of the spruce forest including the spruce forest. This research was conducted in the summer of 2018 using a camera in the field which includes weather and environmental parameters in the soil and air (soil humidity, soil temperature, and water temperature). These results suggest that in general, there is no correlation between soil temperature and moisture and the release of CO2 fluxes in various Russian forests.

The article offers a proposal for the effective organization and management of individual small businesses and private entrepreneurship in the integrated development of the national economy for the development of industry, agro-industrial complex and services in order to ensure a strong position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the world market and competitive advantages. recommendations are described.

This article, innovation processes are becoming a major factor in the development of innovative processes and the sustainability of economic growth and innovation. In this regard, the article draws attention to the strategic management of innovative processes and the scheme of organizing innovative strategy strategies for the enterprise. Innovative strategy has studied the work carried out in this field in the country by studying the impact of the company's competitive development on innovations in individual enterprises and on the entire economy.

The article analyzes the management of the technological process of underground mixing in a non-homogeneous environment and the development of a computer model of the process of underground mixing in a layered system environment to support decision making. A mathematical model of the management of the underground mixing process in the conditions of a layered system of development has been developed; the dynamics of the reagent concentration and pressure value at different values of the parameters affecting the technological process of underground mixing in the conditions of the layered system of development were studied; a computer model was developed to conduct numerical experiments and visualize the results in two- and three-dimensional graphics; a software package of the underground mixing process was developed to support technological decision-making in the management of the development of mineral deposits in the conditions of a stratified system of development. The developed computational algorithms and computer model can be used in decision-making, analysis and forecasting of parameters of the underground mixing process in order to optimally obtain minerals from real deposits developed in the stratified system of underground mixing.

The article deals with the development of science-based proposals and recommendations to identify problems in the organization of auditing organizations in the country in the context of modernization of the economy and to identify promising areas for its development.The article states that audit of financial statements is a necessary and important tool for the economy development, the results of external quality control of audit work in audit companies shows that timeliness and necessity of making these decisions depend on the quality of audits. The existing theories of classification of subjects of audit quality control show that 3 parts: government (financial ministry), audit public associationsand audit companies must work together, also time by time they should do external quality control of audit work. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the nature of audit quality control and those interested in the quality of audits.

The article examines the three traditional factors of economic growth: labor, land, capital, scientific and technological progress, the impact of information and knowledge in the digital economy in order to improve the living standards of the population, build a free and prosperous life and increase the incomes of society. to increase the total wealth, to expand the state's capacity to address poverty, hunger and other social problems. It is also important to consider the increase in income as the main means of expanding human capacity for employment in a prestigious job that creates material and moral satisfaction, the fair distribution of resources expands the choice of benefits for all members of society, income measured by gross domestic product (GDP) It is stated that only the increase in GDP from the world practice does not lead to an increase in the level of education, strengthening human health, ensuring human rights and freedoms

The article is devoted to the development of scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at increasing the competitiveness of textile industry enterprises on the basis of marketing strategies. Study of international experience in improving the competitiveness of light industry enterprises, widely used marketing strategies and factors shaping competition and interpretation of the essence of "cluster" theory in marketing activities of enterprises, determination of promising strategies of enterprises based on analysis of assortment and competition in textile industry identification of clustering opportunities through the development of the market and assessment of the competitive environment in it, substantiation of the directions and opportunities that can be used in Uzbekistan from the experience of countries with developed fashion industries; The main strategy to increase the competitiveness of textile industry enterprises is to form a model of "Textile Industry Cluster" and determine its socio-economic efficiency.

The article explores the theoretical aspects of the formation and development of agrologistics. Approaches that reveal the content and essence of logistics, especially agrologistics, are analyzed. The role and importance of logistics, in particular, agro-logistics in the development of the economy of Uzbekistan, as well as scientific and practical recommendations for its development were given.

The article analyzes the state of agricultural lands in Uzbekistan and examines the reasons for their decline. It analyzes the issues of targeted and efficient use of irrigated agricultural lands and programs of measures to improve their reclamation, and makes relevant proposals for their more efficient use. It also analyzes the views of experts on the recognition of land use efficiency indicators in relation to key indicators, based on the fact that the same indicators can not be applied to different organizational and legal forms of land management, given the characteristics of specific and relative indicators of land use efficiency. In Namangan region, econometric models of changes in the volume of crop production depending on the reclamation conditions were developed and analyzed. The reclamation condition of the land as an indicator of land use efficiency was studied and conclusions were drawn on the introduction of mineral and organic fertilizers for crops in agricultural organizations.

One of the new innovative types of economic development of the region is one of the new, most innovative innovations in the development of the country's economy through the use of public-private partnership in the creation of tourist and recreational complexes, clusters.

Processing parameters play an important role in influencing the quality of the final product in any kinds of production. The aim of this project is to observe the quality of the carded sliver and yarn by applying different flat speeds on the carding machine while the other machine parameters were fixed. Five flat speeds (200, 240, 280, 320, and 360 mm/min) have been used to produce slivers and yarns. Sliver fineness of Ne0.11 and yarn of two different counts (Ne20 and Ne30) were produced for assessing the quality. The unevenness and tensile properties are found to be best for flat speed 360 mm/min with significant increasing of waste percentage.

The article analyzes the state of water use in agriculture in Uzbekistan and examines the reasons for their waste. It analyzes the current state of water use on irrigated agricultural lands in the world and in the country, as well as programs of measures to address issues and problems of efficient use, and makes relevant proposals for their more efficient use. It also analyzes the views of experts on the recognition of water efficiency indicators in relation to key indicators, based on the fact that the same indicators cannot be applied uniformly as a result of global climate change, given the characteristics of specific and relative indicators of water use efficiency. In Namangan region, econometric models of changes in the volume of production depending on the conditions of water use in arable lands were developed and analyzed. As an indicator of water efficiency, crop yields were studied and suggestions and recommendations for water efficiency were presented.

The article analyzes the use of investment in industrial production of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the theoretical principles of a systematic approach to its management. As a method of analysis, a model expressing the effect of factors on the volume of industrial output using econometric analysis was identified. Using this model and a system of time-dependent regression equations of each factor, a forecast of changes in the gross output of industrial enterprises by 2030 was identified and an algorithm for improving the strategic investment management system and an improved investment management strategy and investment management mechanism were developed. Also, proposals and recommendations for achieving the targets of industrial production of the Republic of Uzbekistan are outlined.

The emergence of craftsmanship in the conscious life of mankind is the most important historical step taken towards civilization. It is aimed at continuing the national handicraft traditions of Uzbekistan, providing full support to artisans, promoting the rich cultural heritage of the world community. Our world-famous architectural monuments, which gave impetus to the rapid development of the Uzbek national decorative art, testify to the wonderful harmony and integration of plaster, tile, painting, calligraphy, stonemasonry and other arts. Many applied decorative arts enrich the spiritual world of people, shape their artistic taste, nurture their psyche. That is why many applied arts are one of the most important sources in the universal education of people's art and morality, in the formation of their scientific views and in raising their cultural level.

In conditions of high temperatures and pressures, reagents-stabilizers widely used in practice undergo chemical change and lose their stabilizing properties, as a result of which the stability and thixotropic functions of clay drilling muds deteriorate, their yield increases and the separation of the suspension occurs with the release of the dispersed phase. Therefore, it is considered promising to use polymineral clay compositions containing palygorskite, which do not require much chemical treatment

The article presents the results of studies of the effects of movers of agricultural tractors and machinery on the soil. To identify the multiplicity of passes of tractors and aggregates, special experience was laid down on the degree of compaction of the soil and the productivity of cotton. The degree of compaction of the soil was studied at 1, -3, -5, -and 8-fold passes through the field. The main characteristics of tractor propulsion are given. A structural diagram of the ways, methods and factors of reducing the compaction effect of the running systems of machines on the soil is presented.
In order to reduce the area of field compaction, a study is made of the kinematics of motion of machine-tractor units. To speed up the calculations, a special logarithmic nomogram was constructed with a 45-degree course of the solution beam.

The article included the introduction of Uzbekistan into the centralized national economic system in 1925-40 and its consequences. Implementation of land and water reform in Uzbekistan. As a result of this reform, it is planned to be carried out in three stages, depending on the conditions and the level of preparation in the field. Later, the collectivization of agriculture was carried out and the kolkhozes and sovkhozes were reorganized.

Current paper work offers reflection on doing digital migration study’s methodology and practice. Modern information and communication technologieshave fundamentally transformed migration processes in both positively and negatively. Migration movement control is increasingly dependent on digital technologies from the bottom-up migrants use smart phones and apps to access information, establish local connections and send remittances all over the world. Main purpose of this article is discussing concept of digitalization in migration process. As an outcome’s authors explain migration destinations and advantages of digital technologies in migration process. As a conclusion authors suggest conceptual structure of digitalization framework for globally networking.

The solubility of the components in the system {84,3%Σ[Ca(ClO3)2+ Mg(ClO3)2]+15,7%Σ[CaCl2+MgCl2]}-CH3COOH·NH2C2H4OH - H2O was studied by visually polythermal method. The system was studied using six internal sections, on the basis of which a polythermal solubility diagram of the system was constructed. The surface of the liquidus of the polythermal solubility diagram of the system is divided into the crystallization fields of ice, [Ca(ClO3)2·Mg(ClO3)2], [CaCl2·MgCl2], CH3COOH, CH3COOH·NH2C2H4OH and a new compound of the composition CaOHClO3·2NH2C2H4OH·2H2O. The above fields in the solubility diagram converge at four nodal non-invariant points. The compound was precipitated in the crystalline from the assumed area of its crystallization and identified by chemical, x-ray phase and thermogravimetric analysis methods. It was found that the largest volume in the solubility diagram belongs to the crystallization field CaOHClO3·2NH2C2H4OH∙2H2O due to its low solubility in comparison with other components of the system. Analysis of the radiograph of the initial components and the synthesized complex based on them shows that diffraction reflexes differ from each other, both in the value of interplanar distances and in the intensity of diffraction lines. Thermal analysis also confirms the identity of the new compound. The obtained data on the solubility of components in the studied system can serve as a scientific basis for obtaining a new complex active preparation based on calcium-magnesium chlorate defoliant and monoethanolammonium acetate.

The process of conversion of 20-25% solutions of calcium chloride obtained by decomposition of phosphorites of Central Kizikumes with sodium chlorate at 50, 75, 100 and 125 ° C with evaporation and without evaporation of conversion solutions has been studied. The process activation energies, the order and the rate constant of the conversion reaction as well as kinetic values of the reagent consumption are determined depending on temperature, time and carrying conditions of processes. The order of the conversion process of calcium chloride with sodium chlorate equals one. It is confirmed by the fact that the conversion rate constant calculated on the basis of experimental data remains practically constant for each temperature. Also, the linear dependence of lg (C0-Cτ) on τ also indicates the first order of the conversion process of calcium chloride with sodium chlorate. The rate constant of conversion increases with a rise in temperature. Its dependence on temperature obeys Arrhenius law. To establish values of the conversion rate constant for different temperatures, the constants (К0) for 20 and 25% solutions of calcium chloride have been calculated by Arrhenius equation and the dependence equation of lg K on 1 / T has been derived. It is confirmed by the linear graphical dependence of lg K on 1 / T. The expediency of carrying out the process of conversion with evaporation at a temperature of 100 ° C is established.

This article highlights the study on the determination of differential heat, isotherm, thermokinetics and entropy of water, carbon dioxide, normal heptane, benzene, methanol, ethanol adsorption on ZSM-5 zeolites, using adsorption-calorimetric method at a temperature of 303 K. The type and number of formed ion-molecular complexes, as well, the mechanism of adsorption of the studied molecules were ascertained. In the zeolite structure, thermokinetics of adsorption and the discovery of the migration laws of exchange cations are considered the adsorption energy of gases and vapors in a flawless zeolite. From the beginning to the saturation, the adsorption isotherm was described by the two- and three-term mathematical equations of STMP.

This article is a study of the history, creative potential, artistic thinking, knowledge and worldview of the people by covering the ideological and artistic aspects of mythopoetic images in the stories of Shukur Kholmirzaev. A comprehensive study of mythopoetic images and finding solutions ensures the unique artistic beauty of the stories and proves that they are an inherently important part of story poetics. Every detail of the mythopoetic images plays an important role in the stories and is manifested in different forms throughout the events of the whole plot.

In this work mono- and divinyl esters of adipic acid with using of homogenno-catalytical vinylation by acetylene of adipic acid in solution of dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of zinc acetate as catalyst (10% by mass of adipic acid) and AlCl3•6H2O (10% by mass zinc acetate ) in the temperature range of 80-130 °C have been synthesised. The synthesis of divinyl ester of adipic acid has also been studied using vinyl acetate. The influence of the nature of the catalyst and temperature on the yield of the product was studied. The structure of the synthesized mono- and divinyl esters of adipic acid were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H_NMR, LC/MS and 13C-NMR spectral analysis and some their physical constants were determined

The article presents the results of the action of ultraviolet rays and low-frequency electromagnetic radiation on seed germination, growth, development and yield of soybean varieties. The combined action of the studied factors on seeds led to an increase in seed germination, which depended on the shelf life of the seeds and the exposure of the impact. A reduction in the growing season by 3-7 days of the studied soybean varieties is shown. An increase in the productivity of soybean plants was revealed depending on the methods of pre-sowing seed treatment.

Currently, a synergistic approach is gaining more and more popularity in the study of socio-economic systems, according to which an enterprise is an open self-organizing (self-developing) system, and also at the present stage of social development, the role of intellectual capital in the country's economy requires careful and in-depth study. The quality of intellectual capital depends on many aspects, the most important of which are the conditions and methods of its formation. Thus, the integrated mechanism of self-organization of an enterprise is a multi-level system of interrelated mechanisms (organizational, economic, informational, motivational) differentiated by elements. The article reveals the content of economic mechanisms for the formation and use of intellectual capital in the system of innovative cooperation between education, science and production; its goals, subjects, objects, principles, methods, tools and resources are considered.

The article discusses the relevance of the Integrated Supply Chain Planning implementation at oil companies designed to reduce inventory costs and, consequently, operating costs, as well as optimize the whole logistics system. The modified Sales & Operations Planning (S&OP) proposed for implementation at an oil producing company. The proposed S&OP takes into account the strategic objectives of an oil producing company within Supply Chain and could be applied at oil producing companies of various sizes.

The results of adsorption of methylene blue from an aqueous solution on various samples of Fe+3 intercalated clays of the Navbakhor Deposit are presented. Comparative studies of the applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models for describing experimental adsorption isotherms of modified clays and their heat-treated forms at different pH values of the medium are presented. The Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model was used to calculate the free energy of methylene blue adsorption on intercalated systems

The article considers the issue of improving professional orientation work with school students.

This article discusses the role of the older generation in addressing social risks and their impact on the minds and hearts of young people. as well as the effective use of gerontopedagogical directions of pedagogy.

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the merging of traditional elements with the main directions and forms of the existence of traditional culture in modern conditions of ethnic culture. Folk art, which is an integral part of universal culture, has a special place in the life of every nation in the world, in the development of its way of life and values. The emergence of craftsmanship in the conscious life of mankind is the most important historical step taken towards civilization. It is aimed at continuing the national handicraft traditions of Uzbekistan, providing full support to artisans, promoting the rich cultural heritage of the world community.

In the article, based on the results of the physicochemical analysis of the mortar of the brick masonry of the Ismoil Samaniy and Minaret Kalyan mausoleum, it is shown that these mortars are gypsum-lime mortars with organic and mineral addition. Taking this circumstance into account, as a result of further research, modified solutions were obtained for the restoration of the aforementioned architectural monuments.

In this article, the terms of vocational education, specialization, professional activity, vocational training, theoretical education, production education are given in today's education. The main problems of production education are widely covered. Organizational forms of production education are listed. Classifications of production education are listed. Production training was brought to be organized in different places and given to them by stressing in the separate. The general issues of production education have been extensively covered and the ways of solution have been analyzed.

The article examines the issue of Uzbekistan's place in matters of foreign policy and diplomatic activity in the system of the totalitarian Soviet state. The fact is substantiated that, in spite of the constitutional foundations given to the sovereign republics the right to independently conduct foreign policy activities, in practice they were limited. The reason for this was that an ideologized, command-administrative system of government dominated in the Union State, concentrated in the hands of the central body of the Communist Party.
The situation has changed somewhat since the second half of the 40s of the 20th century. After the end of World War II, in connection with the change in the international situation in the world, some softening was made in relation to the representation of foreign policy on the part of the Union republics. On this basis, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was established in Uzbekistan. However, the activities of this ministry were limited in the rights to conduct an independent foreign policy and participate in international relations. This is what the article proves that Uzbekistan, like other republics of the Union State, was given only the role of unquestioning executors of foreign policy guidelines imposed "from above". And in front of the world community, Uzbekistan was presented by the Union Center as a "showcase of the Soviet East", allegedly involved in full participation in international activities.
But, in spite of all the harshness of the totalitarian regime, the Uzbek people, proceeding from the intellectual, economic, spiritual and moral potential of the republic, made every effort to represent Uzbekistan on the world stage, even on behalf of the USSR. In this regard, the article highlights the role of representatives of the Uzbek people who showed their talent in the diplomatic field on behalf of the Soviet state. Based on the agrarian-industrial, scientific and cultural-spiritual potential, the contribution of Uzbekistan to the development of the export potential of the Union State is revealed.

The paper considers taxis as an independent and special category of the language and depicts its diachronic research background. Besides, the classic and contemporary definitions of category in linguistic and philosophical science are partially presented in contrastive mode. The precise categorical reference of taxis to some grammatical phenomenon has been also touched upon. The initial researches and various attitudes on taxis category in contemporary linguistics have been discussed and analyzed in the paper. Different standpoints of linguists on taxis theory have been critically treated.

In this work, samples of sodium salt of carboxymethyl starch (Na-KMK) were synthesized by chemical modification of corn starch in the solid phase. X-ray studies of the structure of the synthesized polymers were carried out. The rheological properties of aqueous solutions of synthesized Na-KMK were studied by rotational viscometry. It was found that an increase in the degree of substitution of Na-KMK leads to a decrease in the viscosity of its solutions.

The article explores the topic of "Capillary phenomena" in agrophysics, which is taught to students of agronomy on the basis of innovative technologies, ie the specific features of future agronomists, the content of its components, the study of innovative technologies in agrophysics, the information model of agrophysical processes

The article takes into account the anatomical, physiological characteristics of girls and boys, their mental differences, opportunities in the implementation of gender education, the formation of social factors - the social environment, the influence of upbringing. It is a matter of looking at the upbringing of girls and boys not as a phenomenon clear from their birth, but as a phenomenon arising from the complex interrelationship of natural possibilities and corresponding and inherent socialization.
Issues of training of specialists meeting modern requirements for preschool education organizations, stabilization of social and moral environment and elimination of corruption; Analysis of the effective use of national educational opportunities in social sciences, including philosophy, general pedagogy, general psychology, preschool pedagogy, child psychology and psychodiagnostics, mother tongue and children's literature, methods of educational work in preschool education, legal education in preschool education, etc. made.

The paper presents the experimentally obtained optimal conditions for the reaction of immobilization and complexation of Bi (V) with reagents TN-15 (2-oxo-5,6-dimethylthieno [2,3] -pyrimidin-4-one) and TN-249 ( 2-N-5-methyl-6-ethoxycarbonylthieno [2.3-d] pyrimidin-4-one). The dependence of the analytical signal on the nature, concentration and pH of the medium of the reacting components was established, the composition of the complex (Me: R), the molar coefficient of light absorption of the complex (MeR2) and the reagent (HR) were determined, the dissociation constant of the reagent and other physicochemical characteristics were determined. The possibility of the sorption-spectroscopic determination of Bi (V) was shown and the conditions for the selective sorption-spectroscopic determination of Bi (V) in the presence of foreign ions were optimized.

The pandemic ‘Covid-19’ has impacted the work life of health care workers across the world. Too demanding work schedule, attending to the corona virus infected patients in overcrowded hospitals, staying in the hospital for continuously long hours/days and wearing safety kit for long hourshave put the health care workers in general and junior resident doctors in particular, in a stressful situation.
This paper on “workplace spirituality and employee engagement” attempts to assess the relationship between the sense and practice of workplace spirituality and employeeengagementamong junior resident doctors and how does workplace spirituality impacts employee engagementin the selectedNABH(National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare providers) accredited hospitals in Karnataka, South India. The analysis is based on 100 samples (junior resident doctors) and the data was collected through survey methodusing structured questionnaire.Ten multispecialty hospitals located in various parts of Karnataka were selected for this study. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive analysis, correlation and predictive models using SPSS and excel.
The hypothesis testing wasdone keepingboth the Null Hypothesis (defining that there is no relationship between two variables - workplace spirituality and work engagement) and Alternate Hypothesis (defining that there exists the relationship between workplace spirituality and work engagement) in mind. The independent variables include meaningful work (individual level), sense of community (group level) and alignment of values (organizational level). The dependent variable is the embodiment of physical engagement (behavioral domain), emotional engagement (affective domain)andengagement through cognitive reasoning (cognitive domain). The results and findings are accordingly presented under the appropriate headings.

Congenital anomalies are the structural and functional irregularities at birth. In this progressive study, all the neonates who are admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the three year period from 1st June 2017 to 31 May 2020.
Aim: The study aims to examine the prevalence, type, and epidemiological factors of congenital anomalies among the population of Ladakh India.
Subject and methods: All the neonates during the study period were examined by pediatrics and questionnaire filled by the consent of the family. A total of 936 parents of neonates was agreed to participate in this study and among them, 524 are male neonate and 412 was female.
Results: Four and a half percent were diagnosed as being congenital malformed and the common system affected by congenital anomalies in the digestive system followed by the mucso-skeletal system. In this study, based on the logistic regression consanguineous marriage with OR of 9.862 (4.221; 23.041), P= <0.001, familial congenital anomalies in the family with OR of 17.008 (4.343; 66.606), P=0.001, an anaemic mother with OR of .124 (.029; .538). P = .005, Apgar score with .033 (.016: .067), P-value of <0.001 and paternal smoking with OR of 13.305 (5.558: 31.854) with P value of <0.001 had shown a very good significant correlation with the congenital anomalies.
Conclusion: The occurrence and distribution of congenital anomalies in Ladakh were reported. More active prenatal screening and the possible role of genomics study are major importance to uncovering the susceptibilities.

The method developed by us with trukturizatsii the example theme "Algorithmic and programming simple cyclic computational processes" section " Basics of algorithms and programming " course "Programming is, " on the basis of logic, in eq with the experimental verification has shown the effectiveness of this educational technology training and demonstrated Improving the systemic knowledge of elementary school students. The results allow to outline prospects for further and with investigations of the problems associated with the use of a structured educational material as an information and methodological means of improving the educational meters of tivatsii students, organization and management of cognitive activity; technology for the preparation and use of electronic textbooks

The paper considers the problems of natural vibrations of viscoelastic plates with different boundary conditions in magnetic fields.
The aim of the work is to study the oscillations of thin-walled structural elements in a magnetic field: to calculate the spectra of natural frequencies and vibration damping coefficients of rectangular viscoelastic plates with different conditions for fixing the edges, as well as to study the effect of the transverse and longitudinal magnetic field induction on the values of natural frequencies and damping coefficients, as well as their distribution. The validity and reliability of the results of the work is ensured by the correct statement of the problems, the use of applied mathematics metathemes, modern software and the comparison of the results with the results given in scientific publications. For calculations, mathematical packages MATLAB, software environment MAPLE-18 are used.
The paper first obtained analytical solutions for calculating the complex vibration frequencies of viscoelastic plates with a different combination of boundary conditions. A numerical analysis of the oscillations of rectangular viscoelastic plates with different conditions for fixing the edges is carried out, the influence of the transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields on the spectrum of complex frequencies is studied. New effects that the magnetic field exerts on the distribution of natural frequencies and the damping coefficient of the plate element structures are found.

Postpartum Intrauterine Device (IUD) is an effective, safe and comfortable contraceptive choice for women and made of T-shaped plastic and copper (Cooper T) which is inserted into the uterus postpartum/intraoperative. The results of the study showed that the highest percentage of respondents was at the age of spacing pregnancies (20-35 years), multiparas, those who were highly educated and those who did not work. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant influence between age, occupation, knowledge and support from the husband with postpartum IUD use, where p<0.05, while parity had no effect. Knowledge factor had a significant effect even though it was not influenced by the level of education or media exposure with a value of p=0.00. Multivariate analysis showed that knowledge was the dominant factor that affected the use of postpartum IUD as much as 43,012 times.
Conclusion: The postpartum IUD was most commonly used by mothers aged >35 years, working, sufficient knowledge of the IUD regardless of level of education and media exposure, and receiving support from the husband. Knowledge and support from the husband were the most influential factor on postpartum IUD use.

Treatment of epilepsy is often a lifetime. Several studies report the effect of anti epileptic drug (AED) to lipid profile. This study aims to assess the differences of lipid profile of epileptic patients receiving CYP-450 enzyme inducer and inhibitor monotherapy AED.
This study was conducted in cross-sectional terms with consecutive sampling, from June-October 2019, at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Regional Hospital, Hasanuddin University Hospital, and private practice. The independent variable were AEDs, consist of phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, or valproic acid, while the dependent one was the lipid profile. Thirty-five samples were obtained using CYP-450 enzyme inducer AED, consisted of 11 samples using phenytoin, 11 samples using phenobarbital, 13 samples using carbamazepine, and 16 samples using CYP-450 enzyme inhibitor AED (valproic acid).
The results showed higher level of total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in the CYP-450 enzyme inducer AED group than the CYP-450 inhibitor one; there was no difference of triglyceride (TG) level, while higher level was shown in the CYP-450 enzyme inducer AED group.

Environmental pollution and damage is a major problem in the environmental field. Therefore, the regulation to prevent and overcome environmental damage becomes very important. This research is a normative-legal research using a statute, comparative and conceptual approaches. The results show that in Indonesia, Omnibus Law is possible to be implemented to simplify legislation in the environmental field. However, before doing this Omnibus Law method, it is necessary to first stipulate the scope of environmental law material which is the basis for grouping/clustering in Omnibus Law in the field of environmental legislation. It is also necessary to identify laws whose material will be changed, revoked and then merged in an Omnibus Law. The next step is the selection of material from the identified laws which are categorized as overlapping rules which will then be simplified in Omnibus Law. The drafting of a law using Omnibus Law method must also considers the time. The more material rules that will be included in an Omnibus Law, requires a longer time.

Criminalization policy becomes a State’s authority that is exercised before conducting authority to determine criminal sanctions for prohibited acts. To study whether or not same-sex intercourse by fellow adults to be criminalized, the basis of study is approaches used in criminalization policies that are value and policy approaches. In this case, a value approach is a value of communities’ decency and the philosophy adopted by the State which will criminalize the act. While, a policy approach are done by considering the costs or burdens borne by the community with the results to be achieved. The purpose to criminalize obscene, gay, and homosexual acts as well as other forms of same-sex intercourse is to protect the community, in this case public order in moral conduct because such actions are not in accordance with the values of Pancasila and the customs of the Indonesian people that adhere to religio-magical.

Corruption is increas
ingly widespread in society, its development continues to increase
both in cases and State’s financial losses and in terms of the quality of criminal acts
committed more systematically and its scope that enters all aspects of peoples’ lives . The
research i s a juridical normative research by using statute, case, historical, comparative
and conceptual approaches. The processing and analysis of legal materials was aimed to
find pragmatic truth and/or coherence. The results show that the essence of the
gratific ation arrangement in the Corruption Acts is to eliminate the sense of injustice for
the corruptor, in terms of the value of corruption with a relatively small amount. Even
though the value of corruption is large or small, the act is still corruption. If re viewed
normatively, gratification has the meaning of giving in the broadest sense, both received at
home and abroad and that conducted by using electronic or without electronic. Whereas,
bribery has a narrower meaning because the intention of the bribe giv er and receiver is
clear and contains unlawful act. The improvement of criminal law policy plan on
gratification offenses needs to be done so that the criminalization of gratification can be
more comprehensive so that the Corruption Acts becomes a practica l and effective
legislation to eradicate corruption

The proposition offered is a gap due to the absence of integration of social capital at micro- and macro levels. So that this reality has an impact on not optimal motor vehicle tax payments. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of integrating social capital at micro (actor) level and macro (structure) level in order to optimize regional revenue from vehicle tax. This research is a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in 4 (four) districts and one city in South Sulawesi province. It was conducted from January 2019 to May 2020. The results show that the strategy of social capital management in increase obedient for vehicle taxpayer shows that the elements of social capital, namely: network; trust; values, norms and social sanction; cooperation and reciprocal relations still exist in the duality of agents structural and structures in social practices continually in routine. Hence, there is a disintegration of the meaning of agents to the implementation of elements of social capital.

The aims of the research are to determine the essence of environmental damage and losses
due to a forest and land fire. The type of study is a normative or doctrinal research
supported by empirical data. The results of the research indicated that the environmental
loss arising from environmental damage and/or pollution does not constitute a lo ss of
private property owned by an individual (person), so juridically the right to sue for
environmental damages is equated with the persons with rights and obligations of other
legal subjects (human/legal entity). Compensation for environmental losses du e to forest
and land fires in Indonesia is carried out through the government's legal right. However,
the environmental law has given authority to the government agencies responsible for
carrying out public legal actions and at the same time the authority to enforce civil law,
which is in the field of Private Law; The Attorney General's authority in submitting a
claim for environmental compensation is carried out based on the existence of a special
power of attorney from the government agency responsible fo r the environment. Law
enforcement in the field of civil law, can be made arrangements to provide direct authority
(attributive) to the prosecutor's institution to be able to make a claim for compensation for
environmental damage caused by forest and land fires in Indonesia.

The aim of this study is to determine the utility of galectin-3 and HBME-1 in the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of 64 thyroid lesions including non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic lesions. Galectin-3 immunostaining was positive in 100% of papillary carcinomas, 62.5% of follicular carcinomas, 18.8% of follicular adenomas and negative in all nodular goiter as non -neoplastic lesions. HBME-1 immunostaining was positive in 93.8% of papillary carcinomas, 81.3% of follicular carcinomas, 25% of follicular adenomas and negative in all nodular goiter. There was a significant difference between benign and malignant thyroid lesion for galectin-3 and HBME-1 (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values for HBME-1 and galectin-3 is over 80%. When both markers are combined, the values of each predictive parameter were 93.75%, 81.25%, 83.33% and 92.85%. The diagnostic accuracy for both markers was 87.50%. Combining both markers will be more helpful to differentiate malignant and benign thyroid lesions.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder and sodium diclofenac as symptomatic management of RA but in long-term used would has gastrohepatology side effect. Previous studies reported onion skin extract has anti-inflammatory effect as an alternative approach in treatment RA symptoms. This study aimed to observe the histological changes in rat’s intraarthicular joint induced with Complete Freunds Adjuvant (CFA) treated with onion skin extract. The method is an Experimental Study with post-test control group design. Arthritis was induced by intra-articular of Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) on the right back knee of rat. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into six groups, first group as a normal control, and five other groups were induced with 100 μg CFA, then these groups were treated differently. One of five group induced as negative control.Three groups were treated orally with onion skin extract in doses 100,200,300 mg /kg body weight and one group treated orally with sodium diclofenac in doses 10 mg/kg body weight as positive control. This study showed that onion skin extract prevents some principal signs of arthritis and significantly reduces the joint damage (p=0,00053)

The purpose of this scheme is to design and manufacture a quadcopter that can work without interrupting the power supply. One of the main problems regarding UAVs is endurance, and various researches are under way to improve the endurance parameter. One of these is the use of electric generators from Piezo, which generate vibration power. In the quadcopter, the Piezo electric generators are used and power is increased and its durability increases. The reach of the scheme is Improved endurance, uninterrupted power supply Long range missions

Background : The endodontic access cavity design directly relate to the identification and negotiation of the canals and allow straight line accessibility and visibility of the canals facilitating proper preparation. By introducing dental operating microscope and the accompanying capability of inspecting the root canals – ‘both orthograde and retrograde.’ This study is to determine the difference between the location and the difference in the access cavity for the conservation of the tooth structure.
Materials and methods: Thirty mandibular first molars were selected which were scheduled for the root canal treatment. The endodontic access cavity was prepared by using#4 carbide bur or #557 tapered bur. Three canals were located after the completion of the access opening. The samples were measured simultaneously with operating microscope and Vernier caliper. The inter orifice distance is measured and compared between the groups.
Results: Detection rate between the difference among the groups by operating microscope and Vernier caliper showed a non-significant difference between the groups only the mesiolingual orifice showed a significant difference. The microscopic method could more accurately detect orifices statistically than the other method.
Conclusion: Under the condition of this study access opening done under the microscope done shows more conservation of the tooth structure.

Vaccines are very crucial for treating preventable diseases, but its need a constant environment like maintenance of temperature. Currently it is a barrier in healthcare scenario. In this paper, work is focused on the designing of the cold box which is capable to maintain a temperature range from 20-80 C constantly using Peltier-based thermoelectric chip, specific structural design obtain through calculation and IoT based solutions. Another crucial characteristic of this instrument is that it delivers an optimal power usage forecast to keep the ideal vaccine storage in precise temperature range in presence of limited power supply from environment. Due to a collective action of the phase change material and thermoelectric device, the temperature inside the box is will be maintained. The details of the location and the temperature settings will be accessible and visible on the Blink Application. This box is an efficient carrier as it will aid in tracing, automated settings, consistent temperature, carrying and packaging which will be an alternative to the currently available techniques in practice.

To detect and prognosticate the occurrences of post-surgery infections has now become an important requirement in the field of medical sciences. It helps in making the strategies for management of the infections thereby reducing the time of hospital stay and patient morbidity.
Classification of patients into high and low risk has effectively aided in leading a number of publication, researches as well as progress in the bioinformatics and biomedical field and for the study of various methods for timely identification of infection, application of Machine Learning techniques and neural networks. Among the collections of these techniques, including thresholding algorithms, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs),machine learning algorithms usages of new technology are been used in research programs as it helps in developing predictive models with great resulting accuracy in decision making process. Being able to accurately calibrated surgical site infections (SSI) risk in medical field would be useful for two key reasons. First, it helps in determining the likelihood that a particular patient get the particular signs of surgical site infection which can be similar to the divided groups and useful in deciding the method of prevention. Second, an accuracy model/system will ease and forward the significant similarity and also 
the comparison of (SSI) that is surgical site infection rates within health care providers and the facilities.
In the current paper, we have done a literature review of the emerging methods involved in the prediction of infection and detection of the same. These models are based on numerous unconfirmed and supervised techniques like neural networks, algorithms, thermal techniques, devices and machine learning (ML) techniques. As an emerging application of machine learning methods and thermal devices, we here describe the most up-to-date techniques used, researches made and publications referring post-operative infection models as the aim of their work which use these techniques.

With increase in population the need for food is on rise, in such circumstances, plant diseases prove to be a major threat to agricultural produce and result in disastrous consequences for farmers. Early detection of plant disease can help in ensuring food security and controlling financial losses. The images of diseased plants can be used to identify the diseases. Classification abilities of Convolutional Neural Networks are used to obtain reliable output. Google’s pretrained model ‘Inception v3’ is used. The Inception v3 model is trained over a dataset of diseased plants obtained from ‘Plant Village Dataset’. The developed detection approach is evaluated on measures of F1 score, precision and recall.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) obstructs the supply of blood to the heart muscle through the coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis is main cause of CAD. Patient history: The male patient 54 year old who was apparently admitted in AVBRH on date 22/08/2019 with chief complaint was severe chest pain which is radiating to shoulder and also complaint f shortness of breath and sweating. Excessive palpitation since in 1 month. After admitted in the ward all investigation done like X-ray, ECG, 2 Day echo, CBC, Lipid profile, cardiac stress test, and coronary angiography, PT or PT-INR Test etc. All over investigation observe then final diagnosis is conforming by coronary artery diseases. Past history: Patient was having the history of hypertension since 7 year. He is known case of hypertension. He was come with the complaint of chest pain in the hospital in 2018 one year back diagnosed he was myocardial infarction. Clinical finding: The patient has been undergone with various investigations like physical examination, cholesterol and triglyceride are often elevated in patients with atherosclerosis, cardiac examination, X-ray, ECG, 2 Day echo, CBC, Lipid profile, cardiac stress test, and coronary angiography, PT or PT-INR Test etc. Pharmacology: Patient was treated with anti-angina agent and antihypertensive drug Medical Management: Tablet- amlo 5mg, Tablet- flavedon 35 mg, Tablet- ecosprin 150mg, Tablet- pan 40 mg, Tablet-ranolazine 500mg. Nursing management: Monitor the vital sign, Maintain O2 level and intake and output. Incision side is observed like any complication. Patient assessed for anxiety, depression and anger. Conclusion: Patient was admitted to hospital with the with chief complaint was severe chest pain, shortness of breath, excessive palpitation, sweating since in 1 months and his condition was very critical and patient was admitted in AVBR Hospital, immediate treatment was started by health team member and all possible treatment were given and now the patient condition is satisfactory.

Foldscope is the low-cost paper simple microscope. It is designed as a portable, tough, and to give alike optical value as compare to classic research microscopes. In the current paper, the work is directed on designing an addition that can deliver further improved magnification to current foldscope by means of lenses of flexible focal measurement gained by calculations and iterations. In order to recognize the cell structure in a specimen, the snap of sample will be associated with the catalogue of numerous specimen with image processing so that layman worker can find the specimen.

There exists a number of research studies that have observed efficiency of several support surfaces and mattresses. In this paper we have analyzed this researches and concluded our observation.

Heart diseases also called Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) include range of conditions portraying illness of heart. These include diseases related to blood vessels, rhythm problem, chest pain, heart attack, strokes, and fluctuating blood pressure. Person suffering with CVD has fluctuating blood flow rate. CVD are the leading cause of mortality in India including both male and female. A quarter of all mortality is attributed to cardiovascular diseases. Heart diseases and strokes are the pre-dominant causes and are responsible for > 80% of CVD deaths. Therefore in this paper a machine learning model is implemented on the dataset downloaded from kaggle. This dataset contains various parameters contributing to cardiac morbidity. It contains 70000 records and contains parameters like age, cholesterol, glucose, smoking, alcoholic habit etc. The decision Tree model is used fot training and predicting the risk of heart disease. The accuracy of implemented model is 73%.

Cervical dilators are used to dilate the cervix in an efficient manner. It is done during labor, miscarriages, abortion or for any gynaecological surgery. During gynaecological surgery procedures, it is necessary to open the cervix to get access to the uterus and fallopian tubes and this can be achievable using a dilator. The device is useful as it decreases the risk of cervical injury during surgery. There are a number of cervix dilators used by the Gynaecologists around the world including mechanical dilators, drugs inducing cervical dilation and osmotic dilators. Balloon catheters are used in mechanical dilation while hygroscopic dilators are the osmotic dilators. For drug induces dilation, there are several drugs available in the market. The current paper focuses on the mechanical type of cervix dilators.

Background: Irritational / traumatic fibroma is a reactive lesion that represents most common oral lesions of the soft-tissue, caused by local traumas or plaque-induced inflammation, calculus, overhanging margins and restorations, which may lead to esthetic and functional problems. It can occur at any age group from almost any soft‑tissue site, buccal mucosa tongue, gingiva. However, the buccal mucosa is more commonly involved.
Case presentation: The article presents the case of a 30-year-old female patient with an intraoral swelling at the right side of the cheek mucosa since 4 months. On examining the lesion clinically, it was found to be a well circumscribed, smooth, slightly tender, firm and lobulated pink swelling measuring approx. 3 cm × 3 cm in its greatest diameter in relation to right cheek mucosa near mandibular premolar region. The swelling was associated with traumatic occlusion. The cause of the trauma as well as management of the lesion along with clinico-histological diagnosis is addressed. Complete surgical excision of the lesion was planned. Laser was used for excision of the lesion and the excised lesion as it is comparatively less invasive, easy, the relatively simple and safe method with easy handling of the tissues without any bleeding or scarring. The excised lesion was then sent to histopathology for diagnosis. The case was diagnosed as irritational fibroma after the clinical findings and histological evaluations.
Conclusion: Proper evaluation of the case with careful clinical and histological diagnosis is essential for the management of irritational fibroma. Lasers provide a non-invasive and effective treatment modality for the management of the such lesions.

BACKGROUND- Composite resin restoration on posterior teeth through conventional technique is generally, a time consuming procedure with risk of contamination between layers. Therefore, there have been techniques developed to facilitate the work of dental professionals and achieve aesthetic and functional results such as occlusal stamp technique. One of the major factor after the restoration of teeth is reproducing the original tooth anatomy to near perfection. "Stamp technique" is a novel & easy technique for filling the such carious teeth which has undestructed occlusal topography. With high precision & accuracy when restoring to functional occlusion, stamp technique is of great use. It is usually a method for placing large composite restorations with accurate occlusal topography. Although convenient, it has found acceptance in only a small percentage of practitioner. 
CASE PRESENTATION- A 18 year old female reported of decayed tooth in lower left back posterior region of jaw. On clinical examination pit fissure caries was noticed in lower left second molar of jaw. Patient had no complaint of sensitivity in the same region. Since no tooth morphology was destructed and only pit fissure caries was observed, Occlusal stamp technique treatment procedure was opted. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate & discuss various aspects & application of this technique, highlighting the point that stamp technique enables the clinician to accomplish more in less time.
CONCLUSION-Stamp technique for direct composite restoration is a convenient, favorable & biomimetic procedure . The accuracy of topography replication is far greater than the plain manual method & can be adapted to unconventional cavities as well

Background: Endodontically treated teeth usually require special techniques to be restored and regain function. Nowdays endodontically treated teeth are treated on method of adhesion rather than mechanical retention.Endocrown is the new method to restore endodonticaly treated teeth with good restention and high success rate. Endocrown are adhesive restoration it result in minimal microleakage. Hence it can lead to high success rate.
Case presentation :In case I - A 23‑years‑old female patient visited with a chief complaint of pain in the lower right back region of the jaw. On clinical evaluation, grossly carious 46 was seen. So root canal treatment was done with 46. Then full ceramic endocrown post endodontic restoration was planned. In case II- A 50‑year‑old male patient visited with a chief complaint of pain in the lower right back region of the jaw. When examined clinically, grossly carious 46 was observed. Root canal treatment with 46 was planned. Then full ceramic endocrown post endodontic restoration was planned. In case III- A 20‑year‑old female patient visited with a chief complaint of pain in the upper left back region of the jaw. On clinical evaluation, grossly carious 26 was observed. Root canal treatment with 26 was planned. Then metal - ceramic endocrown post endodontic restoration was planned. In all the 
three cases in second visit glass ionomer cement was used to block the orifices and obtain even surface without any undercuts in pulp chamber. Then endocrown preparation was done. The finished line appeared as a regular line with a sharp edge. A 1‑mm gutta‑percha was removed from the canals using a heated plugger. After the completion of tooth preparation impression was made with polyvinyl siloxane silicone of light and putty consistency using a double‑mix single‑stage technique. Master cast was prepared and endocrown was fabricated in laboratory. In third visit endocrown trial was done in all the three cases and cementation was done and post cementation IOPA was taken.
Conclusion: Endocrown is the new treatment modality for grossly destructed endodontically treated teeth. Both metal-ceramic and zirconia endocrowns provides better retention and stability with minimal loss of tooth structure.

BACKGROUND- Practicing medicine in India has revolutionized during the last five decades affecting the healthcare delivery in both positive and negative directions. The doctor-patient relationship has undergone a transition throughout the ages. The perception has been changing due to some malpractices of doctors; people started looking at doctor's community with distrust. Thus a health care professional must know about medico-legal problems to protect oneself from legal issues. OBJECTIVES- To evaluate the knowledge attitude and practice of medico-legal problems among dentist practitioners residing in Vidharbha region. METHODS- The cross sectional study was done in a Private Dental College and were assessed through a self-administered, pretested, validated, close ended, unstructured questionnaire. It was made available to all levels of dentistry being under graduates, post graduates, staff and interns. Data was collected , entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS-21 version. RESULTS- A total of 180 of 181 dentists participated in this study. A total of 92 respondents were males and 88 were females. Lack of knowledge among dental professionals was highlighted in this present study having a poor result of 53.3% regarding the medico legal issues. It was found that only 45.5% of the dental practitioners had knowledge regarding the importance of dental record keeping, which was unsatisfactory. The overall grading showed that majority participants had poor knowledge with fair attitude and practices. CONCLUSION- It was found that majority of the respondents had poor knowledge about medico legal issues. Therefore, it is recommended that Continuing Dental Education and Continuing Medical Education programs should be conducted frequently to create awareness and reinforce practice to safeguard against medico legal issues in dentistry

Background: An endodontic treatment aims to recover and maintain dental elements, which have pulpal or endodontic periapical pathology, thus eliminating the microorganisms to ensure an acceptable apical seal. Objectives: The three different conditions using naked vision, loupes and Dental operating Microscope were compared here to test the sealing ability of biodentine using glucose penetration method. Methods: Ninty mandibular bicuspids were selected that were further divided into three groups (n=30) for which canal were prepared using F2 ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and a retrograde cavity is prepared in each of the extracted single rooted tooth using proultra surgical tip (Dentsply, USA) 3mm short of apex . Cavity was then filled with biodentine condensed against plugger placed inside the canal. All the procedure were confirmed under unaided vision/ naked vision, under dental loupes (IDS Denmed 3.3X). and under Dental operating Microscope (Carl zeiss 12.5X) for each group. All the samples were then analyzed with a spectrophotometer at a suitable wavelength. The (ANOVA) test of comparison was analysed for multiple groups preceded by the post hoc pair-wise comparison test. Results: The filling of biodentine is observed under dental operating microscope that showed better sealing properties when compared to the unaided vision and dental loupes, thus proving statistically significant. The glucose leakage evaluated under working conditions namely unaided vision, dental loupes and Dental operating Microscope were 0.236, 0.111 and 0.055 respectively. Conclusion: The restoration done under Dental operating Microscope showed superior sealing properties when compared to the other working conditions respectively. 

INTRODUCTION- Doctor’s stress has an impact for health and doctor’s satisfactory level involved which ultimately has an effect on care quality for the patients. Stress induced sleep disturbance is prominent.
AIM-This study was designed with aim of assessing the influence of work characteristics on the association between doctor’s stress and sleep quality METHOD- This cross-sectional study was conducted on doctors of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Wardha city using questionnaire, containing 24 questions. The stress was evaluated using 10 items “Global perceived stress scale” and for sleep quality “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index” of 
total 14 items was used. The variables were compared in unpaired t test and Pearson correlation test to know the level of significant of determinacy which was set at less than 0.05.
RESULTS –The Positive PSS Score for post-graduates was 14.03 ± 4.55 and staff was 15.69 ± 4.44, the Negative PSS score was 13.57 ± 5.15 and 11.37 ± 4.39, respectively which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Negative PSS scores of females were higher (13.92 ± 5.36) as compared to males (11.96 ± 4.54) but the difference was also statistically insignificant (p <0.05). The total PSS and Total PSQI scores were almost equals in post-graduates and staff, males and females, day and night shift duty doctors.
CONCLUSION- Certain characteristic of work shift among doctors can directly affects the stress and sleep quality and indirectly affect the patient care and treatment. The study indicates that work characteristic may influence sleep quality and stress among doctors. We need to improve work shift schedule in order to provide good health and well-being of doctor which will further improve the quality of patient care.

Introduction: Halitosis means bad breath from the oral cavity. Halitosis has its origin in systemic diseases such as hepatic, pancreatic, renal. It can also occur due to oral reasons such as xerostomia and poor oral hygiene.
Objective: This study compared the objective and subjective symptoms of halitosis in patients with liver and kidney diseases and to measure the oral hygiene status of the same patients.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on liver and kidney patients in the Private Dental College of Central India in collaboration with tertiary hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. Forty four patients were included in the study. The subjective symptoms were measured with the help of questionnaire and objective symptoms were measured with 
the help of halimeter. The oral hygiene status of patients was assessed by using the criteria of Silness J. and Loe H. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.
Result: In the study conducted 81.81% of the patients showed evidence of true halitosis whereas 18.18% of patients showed no evidence of halitosis. Also 100% of the patients had fair oral hygiene out of which 40.90% of the patients had mild gingivitis and 59.09% of the patients had moderate gingivitis.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the subjective and objective symptoms of halitosis in liver and kidney diseases patients

Background: Teacher’s training /workshop are aimed at orienting teaching staff with principles of teaching, learning and evaluations, as a part of faculty development program. However, implementation and effectiveness of such training program have not been evaluated to asses the degree of transfer of teachers’ training from teacher to the student. Therefore, a questionnaire based study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of faculty development programme through its implementation in academic curriculum.
Material and Method: All the interns of Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (M), Wardha were enrolled in the study group. The students those who have not attended a single activity were excluded from the study group. Questionnaire were framed and distributed to the students. Faculty those who have undergone various health profession education training programmes were identified and data was collected from them regarding conduction of various activities.
Result: 78% of the students were in agreement with the designing of curriculum and timely display of syllabus. However, most of the students were not satisfied with the conduction of Problem based learning (PBL) and integrated teaching (ITP). 100% of the faculty was confident to design curriculum for their subject after training as compared to 9% before training. Training programme helped faculty for powerpoint presentation, conduction of PBL, OSCE and setting the question paper as per the guidelines of the University Conclusion : Our results confirm that the training package is feasible, acceptable and useful for teachers with possible reinforcement.

The defects which are seen on the maxillofacial region are caused due to various causes like trauma , surgical intervention to cancerous lesion or congenital disorders however they affect the psychological and social health of an individual. In such patients an aesthetic maxillofacial prostheses rehabilitates the anatomic defect but also restores the psychological health of the patient. Out of many factors which are required for the success of the maxillofacial prostheses, the most important is “AESTHETICS” amongst other factors like retention and close adaptation & Aesthetics of a Maxillofacial Prosthesis depends on proper shade matching. Also one of the major goals of Prosthodontic Dentistry is the restoration of the lost tissues and replacement of the missing structures but also to make the restoration or prosthesis look natural which blends easily with the anatomic structures and remain undetected. All the maxillofacial prosthetic materials and prostheses matched aptly with the skin shade of the patient increases the aesthetic value and makes the prostheses acceptable to the patient. Various visual shade guides are available in the field along with specified shade tabs that are commonly used for shade selection. However there is no literature review which states about the properties, pros and cons of all thesemaxillofacial prosthetic materials. Proper shade matching makes the maxillofacial prosthetic material biomimetic. So the following Literature Review is intended to encompass all the theories and studies regarding shade matching in area of Maxillofacial Prostheses. It also includes the various techniques applied and a wide array of shade guides fabricated for the easier and apt shade matching

"Enamel matrix proteins" has role in development of dentin, acellular cementum and alveolar bone during tooth formation. is produced from porcine Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath at the time of development of tooth. EMD has BMP like molecules and BMP expressing cells. Among them, BMP like molecules induce differentiation of odntoblasts and form the reparative dentin. Reports state that EMD consists of TGF-β like molecules. Also, EMD is capable of suppressing inflammatory cytokine production by immunocytes. This provides a constructive environment which promote healing of the wounded pulp tissues.EMD comprise of proteins which belong to the family of amelogenin which takes part in final odontoblastic differentiation and simultaneous dentin production. A formulation of EMD has its availability in the market with the brand name of Emdogain®. It has shown success in induction of hard tissue bridge production. Teeth having undergone vital pulp therapy with EMD displayed signs of classical wound healing. Study conducted recently stated that the combination of MTA and EMD leads the human dental pulpal cells to differentiate faster in comparison to the situation where MTA is used alone. This suggests that a hybrid approach is beneficial in keeping EMD in a stable position over the pulpal exposure site by a hard-setting pulp-capping material. In spite of the potential of EMD to induce the mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into odontoblasts, the reparative hard tissues assessed in current studies had resemblances with "atubular osteodentin" instead of "tubular dentin".

Presently, the replacing of missing tooth via dental implants has become a widespread treatment modality. Dental implants inserted at the posterior region of the maxilla exhibit the lowest success rates as the low density bone in this area often jeopardize rigid fixation of the implant. For long-lasting clinical outcome of implant therapy it is necessary to achieve primary implant stability osseointegration. Other factors, such as bone quality and quantity, surgical techniques are important for achieving primary stability. Maintaining sufficient bone density and bone bulk are also essential factors to achieve bone-to-implant contact for obtaining a biomechanically stable implant. Recently, a new technique is developed which enhances the bone density around dental implants known as Osseodensification (OD), that creates an autograft layer of condensed bone at the periphery of the implant bed by the aid of specially designed burs rotating in a clockwise and anti-clockwise direction. This relatively new concept with universally compatible drills has been proposed to help in better osteotomy preparation, bone densification, and indirect sinus lift and also achieve bone expansion at different sites of varying bone densities. This procedure has also shown improvement in achieving better implant primary stability and better osteotomy than conventional implant drills. Numerous studies have been performed on this new surgical technique. The purpose of this review article is to discuss in detail on OD procedure.

Pharmacological drug therapies are frequently associated with undesirable side effects. When considering the periodontal aspects, Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO) is a one such adverse effect. The first case of gingival overgrowth (previously known as hyperplasia) was reported by Kimball (1939) following chronic phenytoin therapy. Since then such proliferative lesions have been reported associated with several other groups of drugs namely Phenytoin (PHT) among the anti- epileptics, Cyclosporine (CsA) amongst immunosuppressants and various Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs). The condition gradually leads to complications like pain, gingival disfigurement (aesthetic concerns) and difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene measures.
Management of this condition has been of a great challenge to the clinicians due to its relapse and persistence of risk factors (Age, periodontal factors, drug variables and genetic association). When considering the risk factors, their sensitivity and reliability are of utmost importance for determining the incidence of recurrence and formulation of patient specific therapy. Along with periodontal consultation, treatment should be multidisciplinary in approach discussed with the concerned physician. Initially non-surgical approach including elimination of local factors and drug substitution should be opted. The persistence of condition later necessitates the need for periodontal surgery in form of gingivectomy and flap surgery. Following surgery, maintenance by meticulous oral hygiene with chlorhexidine mouth rinses and periodic professional cleaning should be considered to prevent it from recurring and re-treatment.
Thus, for overall benefit of the patient it is fundamental to know the condition while considering its treatment. This review will briefly summarize the clinical aspects, pathogenesis, risk factors and management of DIGO.

Dimensional variations in the alveolar ridge after extraction often negotiations on achieving adequate  implant stability and placement of implants in the right prosthodontic positions. These circumstances request augmentation of the residual ridge to accomplish successful implant placement and long-term survival. Vertical Ridge Augmentation  is accomplished using both hard and soft tissue grafting procedures that intend to augment the alveolar ridge volume beyond the existing skeletal envelope; they are usually performed at the edentulous site of a deficient alveolar ridge . Although there are a large variety of alveolar ridge augmentation techniques with various degrees of success,  this review concentrate on vertical ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration, autogenous block and alveolar distraction osteogenesis . Vertical ridge augmentation  procedures before or during dental implant placement are technically challenging and often encounter procedure-related complications. To minimize complications and promote success, a literature search was conducted to validate procedures used for Vertical Ridge Augmentation. A decision tree based on the amount of additional ridge height needed (<4, 4 to 6, or > 6 mm) is developed to improve the procedure-selection process. A decision tree guides selection of the most appropriate treatment modality and sequence for safe, predictable management of the vertically deficient ridge in implant therapy. Though the available literature speaks of an excess of methods and agents for ridge augmentation, there is a comparative scarcity of quality evidence to guide the selection of suitable techniques and material. Henceforth, this paper is an endeavor to develop and describe an evidence-based decision pathway for the selection of suitable techniques for various clinical situations. Additionally, a descriptive overview of various techniques and materials is presented.

Background- Goal of endodontic treatment is to completely eradicate microorganism and disinfect root canal. Due to improper chemomechanial preparation persistent infection remains which demand to be corrected and therefore re-RCT has to be performed with proper biochemomechanical preparation is done In this age of material science advancement, innovative systems and materials have been articulated for the restoration of carious teeth. These have assisted to overcome the shortcomings of the outdated methods. A clinical “case report” of re-establishing form and functionality these novel technique and materials are presented here. In the below case a re-RCT was performed where gutta percha removal of all the canal was done followed by placement of intracanal medicament followed by fibre post was used and composite was used to restore the form and function of the tooth . Case presentation- A patient reported with complaint of pain and broken tooth in upper left back region. RE-RCT was planned with tooth 26 followed by fibre post and core restoration. Retreatment files were used to remove old Gutta Percha from the canal. Calcium hydroxide intra canal medicament was used to heal the apical periodontitis. Later obturation was done followed by removal of gutta percha by peso reamer in palatal canal and to make canal wide enough for placement of fibre post and preparation of core with composite restoration was done. Conclusion-Mutilated with remaining one or two walls can be restored with the help of fibre post, Fibre post do not lead to fracture of entire tooth and thus is being used widely for restoration of mutilated teeth.

Dental caries is a complex and dynamic process that involves both physicochemical & biological activities. One of the factors responsible for dental caries is cariogenic food. Chocolate being one of the junk food items, a very common misapprehension states it as main cause of dental caries, which is not true. Chocolates are one of the most beneficial and nutritious foods that nature can provide precisely dark chocolates. It is derived from the cocoa (also called as cacao). Dark chocolates (around 50%-60%) are semisweet in taste and extra dark chocolates (75%-90%) are bittersweet in taste. Plain chocolate, black chocolate or sour chocolate are some another names of dark chocolates. There are various types of chocolates which include dark chocolate. Although not every kind of chocolate is tooth friendly but the cocoa bean is the main good component, that make the chocolate healthier. Cocoa beans contain many minerals, antioxidants that not only good for the mouth and teeth but also the whole body system. Another phenolic compound found in cocoa husk beans is theobromine. These contents according to various studies conducted has shown anticariogenic properties. The most commonly associated microorganisms identified from carious lesions are Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. These substances have been shown to interfere with bacterial adhesion on the tooth surface and thus resulting in decreased microbial count. Polyphenol decreases the microorganisms that are present in the oral cavity, and prevent halitosis. It contains flavonoids that helps to supress the periodontal problems and also has a role to slow down the caries progression. This review is highlights the different types of chocolates, the contents of dark chocolates, the health benefits of dark chocolates with emphasis on anticariogenic properties.

One of the most common challenges faced by the dental professionals is resorbed alveolar ridges which can be in horizontal and vertical dimension . Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is one of the mode of treatment for improving the deficient areas of alveolar ridges.
Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is biological process which involves progressive incremental traction between the vascularized bone segments in order to gain new bone formation. Osteotomy is usually performed which is followed by placing a osteo-distractor device which controls the separation process. By using this technique, the use of bone graft can be avoided as it produce same character and morphology of bone. It results into growth of the soft tissue with development of new bone on deficient ridge. As bone height is restored by this technique ,it is feasible to place longer dental implants. 
This review discuss about ride augmentation and various procedure which are performed to restore resorbed alveolar ridge. It emphasize on importance of alveolar distraction osteogenesis with some history of the technique on the basis of evidences available.
To conclude, distraction osteogenesis is an efficient method to restore the alveolar ridge height for better adaptability of dental implants.

American academy of orofacial pain stated that, TMD is referred as a combined term taking up a variety of clinical problems that involve the masticatory musculature, the TMJ and associated structures or both.
A variety of therapeutic modalities have been proposed for the management of TMD‟s, such as orthopaedic stabilization, intraoral appliances, behavioural therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacological modalities and jaw exercise and collective treatment [1]. “Splint” can be several apparatus, appliance or device employed to provide stabilization or support of teeth or bones, or generally to resist motion or displacement of fractured or 
injured structures (Glossary of orthodontic terms). [2] Classification of occlusal appliances. According to Okeson [3] is Stabilization appliance, Anterior repositioning appliances (ARA) and other types such as Anterior/Posterior bite plane, Pivoting appliance, Soft/ resilient appliance (silicone) . There are different methods for fabrication of appliances and it will depend on the type of appliance‟s mode of action. Different materials are available to make these appliances. Flexibility of appliance will depend on the material used (acrylic, transparent thermoplastic material). Different splints have different drawbacks which should be taken into consideration before delivering it.
A 1990 survey of a random sample of 10,000 members of the American Dental Association (with a 25 percent response rate) identified splint therapy as the most used treatment modality.
Purpose of this study is to review information regarding different studies carried out to see which type of splints used in treatment of TMD and to give clinician proper splint that can be deliver for specific problem. This article, review's the narrative in relation to Occlusal Splint in Management of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

The concept of nanocoatings was given by Chai et al., 1995 so as to enhance the mechanical as well as biological properties of Hap (hydroxapetite). This material does not have ideal mechanical properties and due to its bulk porosity, HAp can’t be used to take up load, and is therefore used for coating for utilizing its ductility of the substrate level. One can increase the mechanical properties of HAp by forming HAp nanocoatings. It can be achieved when HAp is united with other nanoscale based materials as secondary phase. Thin films of polymer(biodegradable) with gentamicin have been mixed to function as ‘composite coatings’ for metallic implants as well as devices which fix fractures to keep away from infections associated with implants. Calcium phosphate can imitate structure as well as composition of bone mineral called normal hydroxyapatite (HAp). Thus, it becomes a perfect alternative when thinking of an appropriate biomaterial in order to replace and imitate bone such as in case of an implant. Calcium phosphate has a special consideration on its introduction in the dental fields as it is chemically similar to bone of a human being, especially in terms of its characteristics of dissolution which enables the growth as well as regeneration in bones. Calcium phosphate nanocomposite coatings are merged with other materials which are micro or nanosized which increases its mechanical properties. Development of a newer generation of nanocomposite coating is recently being known which have nanomaterials like bioglass, carbon nanotubes as well as collagen to enhance ‘osseointegration’. The initiative of nanocoatings and nanocomposites is to develop the biological and mechanical properties of calcium phosphate and alter properties related to surface of implants which are used in dentistry to speed up the process of healing and thus nanocoatings are being introduced in dentistry

Introduction- As we know that form follows function, the altered nasorespiratory function can lead to altered craniofacial growth. This predisposes to mouth breathing, OSA, adenoid hypertrophy which are a matter of grave importance today. Many orthodontic procedures may lead to reduced lower airway space if underlying conditions are not paid enough attention to. This forces the orthodontist to be more precise in their diagnosis and treatment planning especially planning formulated in accordance with obstructive sleep apnoea. The early diagnosis and early intervention of these conditions can prevent more severe associated problems. There are multiple evaluations of airway status undertaken by anesthetist and ENT surgeon some of which may benefit orthodontist for timely intervention. These methods include roentgenograms, CT,CT bronchography, virtual bronchoscopy, MRI, 3D printing, Ultrasonography, Nasal endoscopy, rhinomanometry. CBCT and lateral cephalogram are the most commonly used diagnostic tool for airway analysis. The reliability of lateral cephalogram in the analysis of airway has been questioned several times in the past few years which puts up a need for evaluation of the technique and its reliability.
Objective- The aim of this article is to review all those literatures that relate to upper airway analysis using Lateral cephalogram to those of CBCT scans and to evaluate the reliability of lateral cephalogram. 
Conclusion- Lateral cephalogram can be used as an initial diagnostic aid for the analysis of airways. Although the three-dimensional airway is analysed using two-dimensional technique it is nonetheless an appropriate diagnostic tool for airway analysis.

Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are encountered on a routine basis in clinical practice. Oral health-care providers must assess several parameters associated with pigmented lesions. Oral mucosal color changes can be significant and gives diagnostic value of local or systemic disease though it requires clinical experience and thorough evaluation. Color changes in the oral mucosa can be attributed to the deposition of either endogenous or exogenous pigments as a result of various mucosal diseases. The various pigmentations can be in the form of blue/purple vascular lesions, brown melanotic lesions, brown heme‑associated lesions, gray/black pigmentations. Therefore, watchful examination of all the oral mucosa is frequently required. There are variable manifestation of oral pigmentation. The specific shade, extent, site, spreading of lesion gives diagnostic importance. Interactions between the dentist and the patient's medical specialist are very important to provide a definitive diagnosis as it increase the possibility to recognize these forms of lesions. Further and more work will be done to clarify the pathogenesis and to improve the diagnosis of the disease. The historical and current scientific history and the comprehensive research on the use of patients' medications have played a vital role. Such pigmentations can be caused by both systemic and topical drugs. Interactions between the dentist and the patient's medical specialist are very important to provide a definitive diagnosis as it increase the possibility to recognize these forms of lesions.

The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is evaluated as the eighth driving reason for malignant growth all inclusive. OSCC shows high predominance and grimness, with the death pace of 145,000 passing for every year universally. The result of the treatment and anticipation of oral cancerous growth relies for the most part upon early finding. For the high morbidity of the oral cancer, deferred identification is probably going to be an essential explanation and this backing the basic requirement for sensitive biomarkers to improve early recognition of oral malignant growths. Along these lines, early location and counteraction of oral cancerous growth is one of the destinations set by World Health Organization (WHO). Abnormal cellular products from malignant cells can be recognized and estimated in different body fluids, for example, blood, urine and saliva. Saliva can be utilized to identify biomarkers explicit for oral cancer as it is anything but difficult to acquire and non-intrusive, additionally due to its immediate contact with oral cancer, salivary assessment for discovery of oral cancer can show the best benefit. Biomarkers are utilized for patient assessment in various clinical settings. They are likewise utilized for assessing disease risk, screening for mysterious primary cancers, differentiating benign from malignant findings/one sort of malignancy from another, determining prognosis, acting as indicators/screening, and observing disease status. Salivary biomarkers can possibly recognize normal biological, pathological as well as pharmacological response to treatment. Huge endeavours from scientists and clinicians are significant so as to transform salivary diagnostics into clinical and commercial reality and in this way helping in battling oral disease. This article gives survey of salivary proteomic biomarkers, strategies for examination of salivary proteomic biomarkers and their clinical significance in early discovery of oral cancers.

Oral Health Care is considered as fundamental component of Primary Health Care. It provides potency to essential medicinal services conveyance system with the aid of making an investment in prevention and deducting avoidable dots as a consequence enacting a significant tool for native health. Oral wellbeing influence one's general wellbeing and enhanced person's satisfaction. Investigations have been done which have accomplished to discover more methods to draw in families and sufferers making them accessible to oral health care measures. A movement named National Oral Health Care programme aims to provide accessible, low cost and eminent oral health care considerations to every single person nationwide. Innovations with the aid of health care professionals and oral health maintenance team have been performed to reduce health care expenditure with excellent care.
For such innovations we need to boom our investment for primary health care training programmes for practitioners. Impact should be made on those population which are considered special that is having maternal and child groups. There is a remarkable work force to overcome the threats of oral health diseases. The need of this hour is to listen to the voice of the patients and families who have the epitome of oral diseases. Inclusion of oral health examination in routine medical health check-up will be of great help for the longevity of the people.

Nowadays dentists are facing difficulties in managing toothache or other chronic or recurrent dental conditions due to recurrence of symptoms or side effects of conventional treatment . One point that most of us fail to realize is that associated with the dental disorder are the various systems of body that work continuously for maintaining the dental health of the individual. For this, numerous alternative medical therapies are practiced in 
dentistry apart from allopathy, which comprise homeopathy, regulation thermography, nosode therapy, acupuncture, magnetic field therapy and ozone therapy.
Homeopathy is a system of alternative medicine, which has been in widespread use in adults as well as children. It is known for its low price, effectiveness and safety results compared to allopathy . In dentistry, as an adjunct to standard treatment, usage of homeopathy to treat dental problems has been reported since 18th century. World Health Organization has recognized homeopathy as one of the largest practiced medicine in current times. It is a promising field of dental medicine which would emerge to be useful in management of diseases and disorders affecting orofacial structures. Homeopathic remedies are used in dental profession for better psychological condition of patient. The purpose of the present review is to introduce the basics of homeopathy and to discuss it’s possible applications in dental practice.

BACKGROUND–Initially believed to be a member of the Campylobacter genus , H. pylori , since being discovered in 1973 , has established itself as an important pathogen responsible for various gastrointestinal tract related ailments. Despite nearly fifty percent of the entire world population being a reservoir for the bacteria , its infection rate depends on a plethora of factors. Some of these may include the socio economic status of a country , with developing and under developed countries being at a greater risk of infection. It most frequently , inhabits the gastric antrum of the stomach but is known to colonize other parts of the gastrointestinal tract especially those having gastric metaplasia. AIM – To estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in rural population of Wardha district of central India, in a rural tertiary care centre.
METHODOLGY–This cross -sectional study will be carried out on a total of 150 consecutive patients who have come to the tertiary care centre for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The patients will be fulfilling both, the inclusion as well as the exclusion criteria. Before beginning the procedure , family history and personal history of each patient should be taken. Along with this, history of chronic illness is also to be noted.
RESULT – We aim to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori upon performing endoscopy of the patients satisfying exclusion and inclusion criteria .

Background - The diabetes is a carbohydrate metabolic disorder which is caused either due to the inadequate production or usage of insulin. In the modern world, the diabetes is often attributed to the changes in life style or life style related disorder. According to ‘Ayurveda’ the diabetes mellitus-II (DM-II) can be compared with Madhumeha. The symptoms of madhumeha which are highly similar to diabetes such as, frequent urination, excessive thirst, hunger, constipation, etc. For diabetes many treatment options are available amongst which, the Ayurveda can be one of the most promising alternative therapy. In Ayurveda, the Panchkarma, which is a purification process for the removal of toxins. In the Panchkarma, the virechana(laxative) is one of the five process involved in flushing out the toxins from the body. In the present study, Argwadha kwatha (decoction)obtained from the plant Cassia fistulais selected as a laxative for the effective treatment of madhumeha, owing to its multiple beneficiary effects.
Methodology- It is an open label, Randomized comparative clinical trial. Patients with high BSL level than normal will be enrolled with two groups each containing 75 patients. Intervention group trial with Argwadha kwatha Nitya Virechan 60 ml in the morning, And the second group trial with the Nishakathkadi kwatha 20 ml B.D.for 21 days with the 3 follow up. Assessment of result will depend on the BSL level and associated symptoms.
Expected Results- the final outcome will show the lowering of BSL level in the patient of Madhumeha. It is the evidence-based trial for the virechana procedure and relief the symptoms in the patient of madhumeha.

Background: Pelvic ring fractures represent 3-8% of all selected injury and have a high mortality rate of around 20%. In Polytrauma patients the occurrence of Pelvis ring fractures is higher which is observed in 20-25%.In young individuals it occurs as a consequence of high energy trauma. The main aim of this study is to assess the functional outcome of pelvic fractures managed operatively and conservatively and providing a basic local data regarding pelvic fracture management and results obtained. Objectives: The main objectives are to note the functional outcome using Majeed pelvic score and to assess the radiological outcome by using suitable parameters. Methodology: This is an observational study in which a minimum of 25 patients presented as pelvic fracture in Casualty of AVBRH are admitted in orthopaedic ward. This study will include both prospective and retrospective domains. Retrospective cases from January 2015 will be enrolled and the data will be collected from MRD department as well as telephonic calls. Period of study is From July 2019 to September 2021 and collection of data is from July 2015 to June 2021.Fracture pattern will be classified as per the Tile’s classification and the functional outcome of patients managed operatively and conservatively will be assessed as per Majeed pelvic score. Expected outcome: By this study we expect that the patients having high intensity injury if managed operatively will have better outcome as compared to the conservative ones.

Introduction: Fractures of the proximal femur including the intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric region which are commonly encountered in Orthopaedics especially in elderly population having porotic and weak bones. In elderly these occur even with minimal or trivial trauma ,whereas in the younger population these result from high velocity trauma. These injuries are in association with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity. These injuries were treated conservatively prior to the early 1970’s and are now treated totally surgically now. The goal of any treatment in fracture is stable fixation, 
ultimately leading to early mobilization and decreased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Many surgical interventions like Gamma Nail, Jewet Nail, Condylar plates had been tried but the outcomes were not very satisfactory, so we conducted a study to determine the clinical and radiological outcome in treating such fractures with PFN.
Aim of the Study: Clinical And Radiological Outcome Analysis of Proximal Fractures of femur when Treated with Proximal Femoral Nail
Materials and Methods: A prospective study done in the Department of Orthopaedics at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College And Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital , Datta Meghe Institute Of Medical Sciences ,Sawangi. Patients with Proximal femoral fractures managed with PFN and subsequent follow up at regular intervals for a duration of 1 year.
ExpectedResults:The functional assessment shall be done on the basis of Modified Harris Hip scoring, and at subsequent followed up radiologically with serial X-rays.
These patients with proximal femoral fractures that include intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures, treated with Proximal Femoral Nail are expected to have a shorter incision and subsequently less intraoperative blood loss than the previously used implants. Patients are expected to bear weight earlier.

Background: Congenital talipes equinovarus is a paediatric congenital deformity with an occurence of 1 in 1,000 live births, it is distinguished with the development of equinus and varus deformity in the hind foot, cavus in the middle of the foot, forefoot adduction. Clubfoot assessment is essential to assess the initial severity of the clubfoot, to monitor treatment progress and to identify relapses. Currently, there is no measurement tool available to measure the extent of the deformity or control the treatment and it is difficult to do so using measures such as Pirani scoring and Dimeglio classification, as observer bias is susceptible. With Real Time Sonoelastography we can test changes in the properties of CTEV-affected Soft tissues. 
Objective :1)To evaluate initial properties of the tendons of Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles by real time sonoelastography in CTEV.2) To compare changes in tendon substance of Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles with Real time elastography in patients with Clubfoot after serial Ponseti’s cast correction.3)To evaluate sonoelastographic properties of normal Tibialis Anterior and Tendo Achilles in cases of unilateral club foot.
Methods and Material: A total of 30 unilateral clubfoot children who are less than 2 years old visiting the out patients department of AVBRH would be recruited. In this study, we will use a Real time sonoelastography, Real time sonoelastography will be performed using the (Hitachi Aloka ;Model: Arietta S 70) and the ultrasound probe ( MSK liner probe 12 to 18 MHz).
Results – The result will be compiled after the results of elastography, in well tabulated manner.
Conclusion – The conclusion will be based on the findings for study.

In late 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) evolved in Wuhan city of China, which rapidly surfaced across the globe conducing to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 infection may progress from mild to severe and critically state, however a plethora of cases are either asymptomatic or mild. An excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines delineates the severity of the disease and the condition is called as the cytokine storm. The multiplication of the virus and depletion of T cells up-regulates the macrophages and monocytes to generate the cytokine storm. Tremendous efforts are being made to unearth an effective and efficient therapeutic strategy to contain the pandemic. These attempts are focused on discovering a vaccine, virus elimination, interrupting the virus-host interaction or host modulations and many of them have demonstrated good clinical prognosis. The delivery approach of a potential drug is also pivotal into the bargain. Drug administration off target will not only deteriorate the ability but also delay the mechanism of action of that molecule. Synthetic nanosilicates (Laponite XLG) nanoparticles possesses a dichotic charge that makes them a classic drug carrier for targeted and sustained drug release. However, drug delivery into the lungs using only nanosilicates may be ineffective, as these particles will be cleared off from the pulmonary passage due their Nano size. Therefore, a mucoadhesive polymer like chitosan may serve as a secondary carrier to the drug loaded nanosilicates and can deliver the molecules at the targeted biological site. This nano-in-micro drug delivery system may tailor the therapeutic modality of SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish good clinical outcomes

Introduction: Diseases related to skin can affect an individual physically as well as psychologically. Dadru is one of the types of Kshudrakushta. The main lakshanas of Dadru include Kandu, Deerghapratana, Utsanna, Mandala, Raaga, and Pidakas. It is a Raktapradoshajvyadhi in which mainly Kapha and Pittadoshas are involved.Dadru can be very well correlated to clinical features of Tinea corporis which is a fungal infection.In all Samhitas repeated Shodhana is indicated in the management of Kushtha as it is Bahudoshavastha. Case report:A 40 yrs old female came with complaints of red, rounded patches with itching over abdominal and back region since 3 months was treated with Vaman therapy. Methodology: For deepanpachan first Trikatuchurna was given for three days. Following that Panchtiktaghritawas given daily in increasing matra for 6 days uptosamyakSnehasiddhilakshanasobserved in patient. After samyak siddhi lakshanaVaman was given with yashtimadhuphant, madanaphalachurna,vacha, pippaliandsaindhava,. Then Sansarjana karma was advised for 5 days. Result: Assessment was done after Sansarjana krama and significant improvement was observed in subjective parameters like in Kandu, Deerghapratana, Utsanna, Mandala, Raaga. Discussion: Panchtiktaghrit and Yastimadhuhas kaphaghna and kandughna properties so Panchtiktaghritis the best for snehpana and Yastimadhu is used for Vaman. Vaman helps in elimination of vitiated doshas thus helps in breaking samprapti. Conclusion: Vaman is effective in the management of Dadru.

INTRODUCTION-Paediatric Congenital heart diseases [CHD] after corrective surgeries are under regular chest physical therapy [CPT] care for preventing post-operative complication. Comprehensive literature search was done and have not come across any studies showing the efficacy of combined Lung Recruitment Manoeuvres [LRM] and [CPT]. so study was conducted with aim to assess safety and efficacy of LRM as an adjunct to CPT on oxygenation, ventilation and on adverse events in operative paediatric CHD patients on mechanical ventilation. METHOD & METHODOLOGY- 48 patients operated case of CHD in the age group of Two to Fourteen years intubated more than 6 hours were included in the study. Study populations were divided into two groups. Control Group (Group A) that received CPT and Interventional Group (Group B) that received CPT with LRM. Patients were assessed pre-treatment and 15 minutes post treatment on Oxygenation, Ventilation and adverse events during treatment. RESULT- There were statistically significant improvement in oxygenation and ventilation within the group with p<0.05.The study showed that there were no adverse events in both the groups. CONCLUSION- The oxygenation and ventilation improved in both the groups. No adverse events were observed in both groups. Both the interventions are safe and effective

Background: Leukoplakia is the term used to recognize white plaques of questionable risk having excluded (other) known diseases or disorders that carry no increased risk for cancer. Leukoplakia is clearly a clinical term with no specific histology. The histological sections reveal atrophy or hyperplasia (acanthosis), hyperkeratosis and with or without epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma. WHO states that based on geographical location prevalence of oral leukoplakia ranges from 0.1% to 10.6% and India has a significantly higher number of cases. This article focused on extracting the scientific literature on leukoplakia from Central India published in Web of Science database.
Methodology: Using specified Search Query with selected keywords, the Web of science database was accessed and publications arising from Central India were extracted. The file was imported and analysed using R-Studio Application.
Results:Main list of publications included 188 documents from 125 sources. Majority were Journal articles. Most corresponding authors were from India whereas a few authors were from 9 other countries including US, France, Canada and Germany. Collaboration Index was 4.39. Annual Percentage Growth Rate of publications was 3.21.
Conclusion: Scientific Productions on Leukoplakia from Central India as a special entity are on rise over a period of last 10 years. Researchers are more focussed on searching the rate of progression of leukoplakia and effectiveness of early diagnosis and treatment on the progress of leukoplakia to well-developed squamous cell carcinoma.

If there are shortcomings in the community-based mental health systems, the family members must undertake additional responsibilities and tasks. Over the past 2 decades, the responsibility of providing care and assistance to persons with mental illness has increasingly befallen upon the family members. Many caregivers of a person with mental illness suffer from ongoing distress whereas professionals tend to underestimate family burden. . Of all the burdens, emotional burden is the most pervasive negative consequence of care giving. Various dimensions of perceived burden affect the psychological well-being of the caregivers, thereby, highlighting the distinct need to explore and understand the extent and nature of burden experienced by the caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients and to provide appropriate interventions to improve the Quality of Life of the patient and the caretaker. This study attempts to compare caregiver burden in caregivers for depression and schizophrenia and at the same time tries to explore the determinants of the resultant burden. A total of 100 primary caregivers and patients who regularly accompanied patients for OPD follow ups for a diagnosis of schizophrenia or depression as per ICD-10 criteria were interviewed over a period of 18 months. It was observed that the primary care givers in case of schizophrenia group were mostly parents (39% vs. 17%) and in case of depressive disorders caregivers were mostly spouses (60% vs. 34%), which was found to be statistically significant. It was observed that all types of burden scores (both subjective and objective) significantly higher in caregivers of schizophrenia group as compared to that of depression except scores of burdens due to effect on physical health of caregiver.

As infertility becoming the burning issue day by day and Male infertility factors contribute to approximately 30% of all infertility cases and some of the treatments are expensive that every infertile couple cannot take the benefit of it. It is important to introduce a traditional unique and inexpensive treatment for such a society. Ricinus communis is a widely used drug in Ayurvedic medicine for different diseases. Acharya Charaka mentioned the root of Ricinus communis in Agryasangraha which acts as an aphrodisiac i.e. improves the quality, quantity, and abnormality of sperm. Therefore spermatogenetic effects of the root of Ricinus communis were studied in male Wistar rats. The effect of decoction of the root of Ricinus communis on the serum testosterone, sperm count, testis, and on the weight of testis and body weight was studied for the assessment of spermatogenetic activity.
The root decoction elevated the level of serum testosterone, sperm count, and body weight significantly. It may be concluded that due to its medicinal properties Root of R. communis is effective against male infertility and shows a gain in weight, testosterone, sperm count and acts as good aphrodisiac, hence increases the spermatogenesis.

Placenta is an important organ which is necessary for the intrauterine growth of foetus.complications .due to Pregnancy like hypertension(PIH) affects the placenta and is the major factor to cause maternal & foetal death.
Objectives:1. To study the morphological and histological features of placenta in normal and hypertensive patients . 2.To Compare the two groups and study the correlation of their changes with the foetal outcome.
Material & Methods: 100 specimens of placentas of patients from normal as well as hypertensive group were collected from the labour room & operation theatre of Dept. of Obstetric & Gynaecology of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Medical College and hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra .At first the gross features ( morphological features) of placentas were observed.. To study the histology , sections from each placenta of size 5mm were taken. This was fixed in in 10% formal saline and further histological processing of the tissue was carried out.
Observations & Results: The gross morphological features like weight, size, surface area, number of cotyledons were reduced and areas of infarction, retroplacental clot, calcification were increase in hypertensive placenta than normal placenta. (p<0.005) Similarly, the histological features like increased syncytial knots, intravillous and intervillous fibrin deposition, cytotrophoblastic proliferation, hyalinised villi, atherosis were observed in hypertensive placentas. These all changes were correlated with the foetal mortality and morbidity. And we observed that there was increase in foetal mortality and morbidity in hypertensive patients with the above histological changes in their placentas.

Impacted teeth / Unerupted teeth or malalignment of teeth are common problems seen in the children, lack of awareness on dental care is a serious issue in India. As compared to the urban population, the unawareness is significantly observed in the rural population. Also the environmental factors, nutritional status & socioeconomic condition may be the predisposing factors in permanent dentition.While doing the Prakritiparikshan under various aspects, Danta is also considered for deciding the prakriti i.e Vataj, Pittaj and Kaphaj. However, there is mention of relation of eruption pattern of Danta and Prakriti. Objective :Comparison of the eruption pattern of permanent dentition in rural and urban children with respect to Prakriti. Material and Method : A cross sectional observational study was conducted wherein total 210 participants were taken, which included 105 participants each from rural and urban region. As mentioned in methodology, obtained data through observational study was statistically analysed for comparison of eruption pattern of permanent dentition in rural and urban children with respect to Prakriti. Result: The results were interpreted and it was found that no significant difference was found between the eruption pattern of permanent dentition. No association was found with respect to Prakriti in rural an urban area. Conclusion : It is concluded that, no significant difference was observed in the rural and urban children in regard to the eruption of permanent dentition. No association between eruption pattern of permanent dentition and Prakriti was established.

Background: OSMF is a chronic debilitating but preventable and curable oral disease with potential of malignant transformation. It affects oral, oropharyngeal, and sometimes the oesophageal mucosa. The treatment of OSMF varies according to the stages and early detection is the key for appropriate management and prevention of progression of disease.
Aim: Comparative evaluation of cheek flexibility using cheek retractor method and mouth blowing method and its correlation with Pindborg’s grading system for oral submucous fibrosis patient.
Material and method:The study included 118 patients who had been diagnosed with OSMF attending to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. Patient who had diagnose with grade 4 OSMF are left out from the study. A detailed history and examination of the patients was performed with special emphasis on measuring cheek flexibility and mouth blowing method. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Values obtained by cheek retraction and blowing method are not in association with Pindborg et al grading system.
Conclusion: It is essential to diagnose and treat OSMF as per the stage of the disease. None of the methods fulfills all the criteria necessitating the need to further do the research in this direction.
Clinical significance: This method can be used under resource constraint setting to grade OSMF.

Background: Parental factors have an important role in the behavior of the child in the dental clinic. These factors include parent-child relationship, parental dental anxiety, attitudes and perceptions regarding child’s behavior in the dental clinic, past dental experiences, presence in the dental operatory during treatment. Understanding the ways in which parents influence behavior will help the dentist in behavior guidance of the child during dental treatment. Aim: To investigate the relationship of the child's behavior and parenting styles during simple dental treatment. Study design: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a private dental college. Parents of seventy seven children aged 4-12 years visiting a dental setting for restorative visits were asked to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic details (age, gender) and a Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) followed by Frankl behaviour rating scale. The actual behaviour of the child was also recorded during the treatment session by a silent observer. Descriptive statistics along with chi square test were done to analyze the data and to know the level of significance of determinate which was set at less than 0.05. Results: There were 29 (37.66%), 22 (28.57%) and 23 (29.87%) children who had authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parents respectively. We observed significant differences in children’s behavior, according to the parenting styles. The authoritative parents had 2 and 14 children with definitely positive and positive behavior respectively while the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had same number of children with definitely positive and positive behavior (n=1 and 10, respectively, in each) Conclusion: The evidence supports a relationship between parenting style and children’s dental behavior. However, this association was limited to children with no dental experience. Overall, regarding children’s behavior, we found that children with authoritative parents exhibited slightly more positive behavior compared to other parenting styles.

Background :Menopause is an important step of women’s life. It is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of follicular activity The average age of menopause is 50years.In Ayurvedal iterature the term Rajonivrutti is used for menopause and the menopausal age mentioned is 50 years .The present study was conducted to compare the menopausal age and menopausal symptoms with respect to prakriti in rural and urban areas. Material and Methods: This survey based observational study included 400 females from rural and urban region of Wardha district aged between 40-60years who had naturally attained menopause. The females attaining surgical menopause and those with PID and serious systemic disease were excluded. Information was collected in structured case record sheet with all relevant attributes. Statisticalanalysis was done using SPSS 20. Result : In rural region 75% of participants attained their menopause during the age 46-50yr followed by 10.5% females in age 51-55yr.In urban region 71% attained menopause in the age 51-55yr followed by 28% in the age of 45-50yr Menopause at the age of 35-40yr in age group of 35-40 was attained by only 5.5% from rural region .No specific pattern of symptoms in relation to the particular Prakriti was found neither in rural nor in urban region. Conclusion:. The study concluded that menopause occurred at an earlier age in rural population as compared to the urban region. The association between menopausal symptoms and Prakriti was found to be non-significant

Background- The State Transportation Sector manpower, mainly bus drivers and conductors are subjected to the consequences of acquiring musculoskeletal defects in addition to other morbidities like ocular, gastric, and psychological diseases. They undergo incompatible and unpredictable working scenarios, pressure of maintaining daily schedules, bad eating habits, and lack of proper sleep and rest due to multi-variable shifts. The resultant morbidities noticed may compromise their health, thus affecting the overall professional outcome.
Objectives- The current study is laid out with a motive for the assessment of health status of bus drivers and conductors providing their services at a Bus Depot from Central India. It is more focused on identifying the factors that have a major effect on their performance and health, which would ultimately pave way for appropriate measures to be undertaken to benefit these workers, so that they can lead a mentally, socially and economically productive life.
Methodology- This Cross- Sectional Study is going to be held at Wardha City Bus Depot, Maharashtra. A total of 304 participants, out of which 152 bus drivers and conductors each are meant to be enrolled for the same. A questionnaire comprising of Sociodemographic details and Occupational-related morbidities will be distributed amongst the candidates for data accumulation. The assimilated information will be analyzed via means of SPSS Software including calculation of Descriptive Statistics, frequencies and percentages.
Expected Result- The analysis of data and appropriate statistical tests will contemplate its results.
Conclusion- The conclusion will be drawn after completion of the proposed study.

Introduction : Gingival recession is seen commonly in the overall population and often is an indication.to the patient to pursue treatment for denuded roots due to hypersensitivity and/ to improve aesthetics. It is a constantly developing and growing research field. In order to avoid progress of recession. A surgical procedure that deal with all the GR defects in a single visit, that is easy, practical, operator friendly, not requiring a second surgical site, time efficient, and most significantly, meet up the patient’s esthetic concerns is a desirable option. Aim/ Objectives : To evaluate the effectiveness Of Pinhole Surgical Technique with Coronally Advanced Flap for the treatment of gingival recession defects for root coverage (RC), improvement in relative attachment level (RAL), increase in width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) and gingival thickness. Methodology : 20 healthy patients with class I or class II recession will be assigned randomly to either pinhole surgical technique or coronally advanced flap. Follow up of 1, 3 and 6 months will be done. Results: At 6 months improvement in RC, RAL and the amount of WKG. Along with improvement in gingival thickness will also be seen. Plaque index and Bleeding index will be reduced at 6 months. Conclusion : In this study we will try to achieve practicability of a novel invasive approach of pinhole technique to root exposure in Class I or II type of GR defects and to compare this technique with CAF with PRF procedure for root coverage.

BACKGROUND: The primary function of amniotic fluid is protection of the growing foetus while providing nutrition. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to evaluate interventions to improve amniotic fluid index and the subsequent impact on foetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios. However, there isn't any conclusive evidence hence this study aims to compare the effect of oral amino acid supplements and intravenous infusions in pregnancies with oligohydramnios and foetal growth restriction. 
AIM: To compare the effect of oral amino acid supplementation vs intravenous amino acid infusion on amniotic fluid index and perinatal outcome in pregnancy complicated by oligohydramnios and foetal growth restriction
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of oral amino acid supplementation vs intravenous amino acid infusion in pregnancy having oligohydramnios and foetal growth restriction. To study the increase in amniotic fluid index in pregnancy with foetal weight gain. To study the interval growth rate of baby after two weeks and four weeks of therapy.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: This Semi experimental study will be conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AVBRH, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha. A total of 104 clinically and sonographically proven cases of foetal growth restriction & Oligohydramnios in third trimester attending antenatal clinic or admitted in wards, fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria will be comprise the study groups. After providing oral supplements or intravenous infusions arbitrarily, repeat ultrasonography will be done after two weeks and four weeks of therapy.
EXPECTED RESULTS: We compare from our results the effect of oral amino acid supplementation vs intravenous amino acid infusion on amniotic fluid index and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios and foetal growth restriction.

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Out of them traumatic cataract is a common variant occurring in the spectrum of ocular trauma. It is a significant prerequisite of monocular blindness worldwide. Timely management and early intervention are essential in view of traumatic cataract. Different types of lenses such as anterior chamber intraocular lens and posterior chamber intraocular lens, scleral fixated intraocular lens can be used in the management of traumatic cataract. This study will be conducted to find out the correlation between different types of intraocular lenses used in cataract surgery and their potential role in the visual outcome of the patient and meanwhile considering factors such as type of trauma, amount of time interval between trauma and surgery, preoperative and postoperative complications etc. 
Objectives:
1.To know modes of presentation and different injuries causing traumatic cataract.
2.To assess the visual outcome of the patients post traumatic cataract surgery using different types of intraocular lenses.
3. To study the complications occurring in patients undergoing traumatic cataract surgery.
Methods: This study will be conducted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe) associated to Datta Meghe institute of Medical sciences, Wardha, it will be a hospital based Interventional Cross sectional study with a sample size of 40 patients. Clinical history will be taken and Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best corrected visual acuity (Snellens chart), slit lamp, IOP measurement (applanation tonometer) and fundoscopy (slit lamp biomicroscopy with 90 D, indirect and direct ophthalmoscopy) and B- scan, IOL power calculation by SRK-T formula will be performed. Following which the patients will under undergo cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Final visual outcome will be assessed by the end of 6 weeks. 3 follow ups will be there after first day, first week and sixth week.
Expected Results: The main objective of this study will be to assess the improvement in visual outcome of each of the 40 patients suffering from traumatic cataract by the use of different types of intraocular lenses depending upon the situation they present in. Studies conducted in the past have shown a considerable improvement in the visual outcome of the patients with the use of different types of intraocular lenses.

Background: Oral and maxillofacial imaging has been long an indispensable component while diagnosing in dentistry. The biologically hazardous or adverse effects on human body are well documented. This warrants judicious use to avoid its harmful effects. Manpower assisting dental practitioners in routine private dental practice in India is an unmapped manpower.
Aim: This is a maiden attempt to map manpower assisting dental practitioners in private dental clinics along with assessment of their knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiation safety measures and radiological waste management in Wardha.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study will utilize 26 point structured; validated and pre-tested questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiation safety measures and radiological waste management.
Statistical analysis: The data collected will be computed and chi square test, unpaired t test, one way ANOVA followed by post hoc test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient will be used appropriately for statistical analysis.
Implications: At the end of study, mapping of manpower assisting dental practitioners will be done. The degree of knowledge, attitude and adherence to radiation safety measures and radiological waste management among manpower assisting dental practitioners will be obtained and the findings can be shared with apex council for the designing and implementation of formal training program for these dental assistants.

BACKGROUND – Insulin resistance and profound changes in body weight are common features of pregnancy. Obesity in pregnant women and glucose intolerance due to insulin resistance, ultimately leading to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), both can add to poor maternofetal outcome such as, macrosomia, prematurity, shoulder dystocia, preeclampsia, and even increased chances of fetal demise. Leptin is a novel potential regulator of insulin resistance. Measuring serum leptin levels in pregnant women with different BMI categories may potentially help in early detection of GDM, and predicting poor maternofetal outcome at early stages of pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES
1. To study serum leptin levels in women with GDM
2. To study the body mass index in women with GDM and classify study subjects according to BMI
3. To study the serum leptin levels in women with GDM belonging to various BMI categories and evaluate its association.
4. To correlate serum leptin and BMI with materno-fetal outcome in women with GDM
METHODOLOGY – This prospective hospital based study will be conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH). 96 pregnant women seeking care at outpatient unit and/or in patient unit of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, in the AVBRH hospital, Sawangi, Meghe, in first trimester, will be included in the study. Screening for GDM in twice, first as soon as possible after diagnosis of pregnancy (first trimester) and second between 24-28 weeks, fasting Serum Leptin will be measured at 28 -32 weeks of gestation.
EXPECTED RESULT - It is expected that levels of Sr. Leptin will be higher in the women with GDM and will be abnormal in various BMI categories with a proportionate rise with increasing BMI.

vast majority of India’s population (58%), depends on agriculture for their livelihood and a vital part of our agricultural production technology constitutes of Pesticide use. According to a international report in 2013 " India is the largest producer of pesticides in Asia and ranks 12th worldwide for application of pesticides”. In India ,Maharashtra has been the biggest consumer of pesticides in the last 5 years
Indian agricultural community belongs to the unorganized sector; hence they receive quite little in terms of healthcare and social security. They thus are very vulnerable to loss of income and unavailability of healthcare, despite belonging to an occupation which involves numerous hazardous possibilities.
Chronic exposure to organophosphate pesticides is associated with a multitude of ill health outcomes including polyneuropathy, dermatitis, behavioral changes, glucose intolerance & cancer .The Nervous system in particular in more sensitive to the Organophosphate pesticides, so monitoring of chronically exposed people may help prevent the onset of future neurodegenerative diseases.
The aim of this study is to assess changes in levels of Acetyl cholinesterase levels due chronic pesticide exposure, evaluate cognitive function and depression among farmers 
chronically exposed to organophosphorus compounds, and determine the association between them.
Using standardized questionaries, data will be collected about personal habits, work practices, awareness of pesticide exposure adverse effects and among individuals living in area of study, involved in agriculture repeatedly in direct contact with pesticides. Blood samples to assess biomarker (cholinesterase) will be taken and cognitive function and depression assessment will be done using MMSE tool and PHQ-9 / Beck’s inventory.
Data collected over study period will be analyzed and appropriate statistical tests will be used to determine results and draw relevant conclusions.

Background- Indirect pulp capping (IPC) is one procedure that helps to sustain pulp vitality by enabling healing/repair of pulp. Our main aim of the study is to carry out IPC using TheraCal LC and light cure Calcium hydroxide in tooth of patients having deep carious lesion. Also, to check for the preservation of vitality of the same tooth and to compare and find out which among them is the most suitable material for IPC. 
Material and Methods- 28 patients will be randomly divided into one test group and one control group consisting of 14patients in each group. The test group will be managed by TheraCal LC while the control group will be treated with light cure calcium hydroxide. Clinical examination will be done to check for postoperative pain, tenderness, neural sensibility and radiographical examination will be done to check for PDL space widening, presence of calcific barrier and periapical radiolucency at patient recall of 21days, 3 month and 6 months. The primary and secondary outcome variables will be based on clinical and radiographical success rates noted from the 6 month follow-up that will be conducted. Result- The expected result is that TheraCal LC will give better results in comparison to light cure Calcium hydroxide as pulp capping agent.
Conclusion- This study will provide the most suitable material for Indirect Pulp Capping that we can put to use in clinical practice which will help in maintaining pulp vitality as we need a material that has better efficacy and is cost effective as Indirect Pulp Capping agent.

Background : A serious threat to both general and medical community is the proper collection and proper dumping of the Bio-medical Waste. In India, 1.87 lakh healthcare facilities with 17.01 lakh beds generates 519 tonnes of biomedical waste every day, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). There are Healthcare Facilities (HCF) that still handle and accumulate such wastes inappropriately without understanding its hazardous repercussions on environment and human society. Study is attributed to awareness and negligence related issues. It covers a wide spectrum of information required for Healthcare Facilities (HCF) in regards to modifications in Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016’ (BMWM2016) from year 2016 till November 2019 and rules amended in view of the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim : Effectiveness of Training Program on awareness among Nursing Staff, Lab Technicians and Sanitary Workers regarding Bio-medical Waste management at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India.
Methodology : Interventional Study will be implicated from September 2020 to December 2022 in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) Tertiary Care Hospital, Sawangi, Wardha, Central India by the Post Graduate Student. Assessment of awareness will be 
done by distributing a set of questionnaires and then training the Healthcare Personnel (HCP), regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management based upon direct observation in the workplace. A total of 422 Nurses, Lab Technicians and Sanitary Workers will be enrolled as study participants. The Study participants will be demonstrated regarding proper standards of Bio-Medical Waste management.
Expected Outcomes/Results and Conclusion : Data will be analyzed and appropriate statistical tests will contemplate the results of stud

BACKGROUND: A major health problem is hypertension during pregnancy. This complicates In India, around 5 to 10 percent of pregnancies occur. Preeclampsia is a disorder whose pathogenesis is still not clearly understood. One theory suggested that the cause of PE is, endothelial dysfunction is brought about by certain factors released from ischemic placenta leading to poor uterine and placental perfusion. Preliminary executive research suggests that serum LDH and uric acid are abnormal in women with preeclampsia-eclampsia and usual in women with normotension. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: We aim to study the correlation between serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and serum uric acid levels in in normotensive pregnant women and preeclamptic-eclamptic pregnant women together with their feto-maternal performance. The objectives of the study to compare and correlate serum lactate dehydrogenase and serum uric acid levels in normotensive and preeclamptic-eclamptic women with feto-maternal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective observational study and will be conducted in the obstetrics and gynaecology department, AVBRH, DMIMS (Deemed to be University, Wardha), situated in the rural area of Wardha district in over 230 patients for period between 2020-23. This study will include antenatal patients of age 18 - 35yrs, gestation 28-40 weeks, normotensive and preeclampsia-eclampsia women and will exclude mothers with hypertension < 20 weeks of gestation (Chronic Hypertension), multiple pregnancy, pre-existing Diabetes Mellitus, liver disorder, renal disorder, epileptic disorder, thyroid disorder, Heart Disease, leukaemia, haemolysis and hepatitis. EXPECTED RESULTS: We expect that there will be significant difference in maternal and fetal outcome based on serum lactate dehydrogenase and serum uric acid concentration in normotensive and preeclamptic -eclamptic pregnant women.

Background: Total intravenous anaesthesia is technique which uses various drugs in combination, given exclusively by IV route to provide general anaesthesia to the patient. TIVA provides a good surgical plane, rapid induction, smooth the emergence from anaesthesia and rapid recovery. Thus making it a desirable alternative for day care surgeries. Propofol is IV anaesthetic agent, having a pharmacological profile favorable for TIVA. However it is known to cause respiratory depression and dose-dependent hypotension, and due its lack of analgesic properties there is a limitation on its employment. Ketamine known for its hypnotic, analgesic and amnesic properties. Butorphanol seems to provide good analgesia but is associated with adverse effects like cardio depressant action, dizziness and sedation.
Methods: A total of 60 patients who will be undergoing surgeries under TIVA in the age group of 20-60yrs will be taken up for this study. They would be further divided in two groups, Group PK will receive ketamine 1mg/kg 1 min prior to administration of propofol and propofol and group PB will receiving butorphanol 20μg/kg 1min prior to administration of propofol. Propofol will be given at a dose of 1.5ml/kg to both the groups during induction . In both the groups anaesthesia will be maintained with propofol 9mg/kg/hr . Patient will be monitored for various parameters such as non-invasive heamodynamic, respiratory parameters. Incidence of pain on injection Propofol, post-operative sedation, nausea, vomiting will also be looked for.
Results and Conclusion : Expected outcome of this study is that the combination of Propofol-ketamine, offers a better haemodynamic and respiratory stability over propofol- butorphanol combination. Pain on injection will be better attenuated by butorphaol than ketamine.

Background: Preterm labour is a pressing public health issue. Currently, nearly one tenth of all the pregnancies are preterm, contributing to ~ 80% of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although, preterm labour is defined as labour < 37 completed weeks, practically birth after 34 weeks of gestation have better survival outcomes. Tocolytics are the mainstay of reducing preterm deliveries. They cause partial uterine relaxation and hence help in prolonging the pregnancy for at least for 48 - 72 hrs, thus providing sufficient time for corticosteroids to aid in maturation of lungs; thereby preventing respiratory distress syndrome. While there are quite a few tocolytics available, most of them require close fetomaternal monitoring due to their adverse effects. Currently, nifedipine is tocolytic of choice. Nitroglycerine, which is rapidly metabolized in liver has fewer side effects and its transdermal use is beneficial due to its convenience of usage. Since there are very few studies documenting the comparison of the two drugs, our study will be beneficial.
Objectives: To study and compare the effectiveness of transdermal Nitroglycerine patch and oral nifedipine.
Methodology: This study will include a total of 130 women in preterm labour fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These study subjects will be divided into two groups A and B randomly using envelope method. One group will be given transdermal nitroglycerine patch and the other will be given oral nifedipine as a tocolytic agent to reduce the preterm contractions. Treatment will be considered successful if contractions stopped and no recurrence of contractions occurred within or after 48 hours. 
Expected results: Transdermal Nitroglycerine patch is more effective than oral nifedipine in management of preterm labour.
Conclusion: Transdermal nitroglycerine patch is more effective in prolonging the pregnancy as compared to oral nifedipine with less adverse effects.

Background: The relationship between the oral health and nutritional status in the elderly is complex and controversial. It has been suggested that poor oral health and a decreased ability to chew have a profound influence on food selection, diet and thereby the nutritional status of the individual. Edentulous individuals consume diet that is lower in fruits, vegetables, protein and fiber as compared to dentate individuals due to decrease in ability to chew. If or not a combination of dietary advice along with prosthetic rehabilitation improves dietary intake is still not very clear. So, we are aimed to give dietary advice along with prosthetic treatment and thought of evaluating their nutritional status through OHIP-EDENT, Mini Nutritional Assessment test and serum ferritin levels at baseline, 6 months and 12 months.
Method/Outcome: A type of observational study in which 25 patients will be recruited after seeing into the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then these patients will be given complete denture prosthesis along with nutritional advice and the outcome will be assessed using OHIP-EDENT, Mini Nutritional Assessment Test and Serum Ferritin levels at baseline six and nine months. Expected Results: Simple dietary advice that can be implemented by a dentist would be more practical in clinical practice than tailored dietary counselling. So, giving simple nutritional advice in combination with new complete denture would improve nutrient intake among edentulous individuals

Background: PCOS is the most common endocrinological disorder affecting 6 -14% amongst reproductive age group. The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and it is still not well understood. Many markers have been studied to correlate between homocysteine level and other clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile. Preliminary investigations indicate that in women with PCOS, serum biomarkers of cardiovascular disorders such as homocysteine are abnormal. Furthermore the interactions between homocysteine and PCOS, biochemical features such as obesity, insulin resistance and higher levels of androgen, have been researched and the potential determinant of this finding is still being explored.
Aim and Objectives: We aim to determine association between hyperhomocysteinemia and PCOS. The objectives of this study is to evaluate and compare clinical, metabolic and 
hormonal profile in women of PCOS with normal homocysteine level with that of increased homocysteine level.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study which will be performed in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, AVBRH, DMIMS (Deemed to be University, Wardha), a tertiary care teaching hospital situated in the rural area of Wardha district in over 140 patients for period between 2020-22. This study will include PCOS patients based on Rotterdam diagnostic criteria and will exclude patients with known metabolic, cardiovascular and endocrine disorders. Metabolic and hormonal profile will be evaluated with BMI, Lipid profile, Insulin resistance, serum levels of LH, FSH, DHEA and Testosterone in all patients. Serum homocysteine levels will be measured using ELISA.
Expected Results: We expect that there will be significant difference in clinical, metabolic and hormonal profile of PCOS women having hyperhomocysteinemia than women having normal homocysteine level.

Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by disordered thoughts, emotions, perceptions, language, sense of self and behavior. Primary caregivers of individuals with Schizophrenia encounter comprehensive care giving challenges that causes physical as well as mental stress and can deteriorate the family functioning. However, if primary caregivers are resilient enough with strong and positive mindset, they can overcome burden associated with patient care and preserve own health and health of family as well.
Aim: To assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and resilience perceived by primary caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia 
Materials and Methods: Primary caregivers of person diagnosed with Schizophrenia disease reporting to OPD and IPD of Department of Psychiatry of Medical College as per DSM-5 diagnostic criteria will be assessed for depression, anxiety, stress and resilience after taking informed consent for the study by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then psychological scales will be applied on these primary caregivers. The Depression Anxiety and Stress (DASS-21) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) scales will be applied and accordingly the points will be given.
Conclusion: We expect to find significant relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and resilience perceived by caregivers of persons with Schizophrenia.

Background: Pandu Roga is Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi in which aggravated Pitta Dosha vitiates Kapha, Vayu, Rakta, Twaka, Mamsa and Ojas. It can be correlated with Iron deficiency Anemia, due to similarity in clinical features. Inadequate intake of iron rich food in diet is the main cause of Iron deficiency anemia.
Aim: Evaluation of effect of dietary supplement acquired from Kitchen garden with Gudharitaki Awaleha on RBCs, Hb%, MCV, MCHC, MCH for making Kelapur village anemia (Iron deficiency) free. Methodology: 120 subjects (60 in each) will be classified randomly into 2 parallel groups. Group A i.e. Trial group –Gudharitaki Awaleha 5 gm BD with Dietary supplement will be given after meal two times a day with lukewarm water for 90 days and Group B i.e. Control group – Gudharitaki Awaleha 5 gm BD will be given after meal two times a day with lukewarm water for 90 days. Assessment will be noted on 0 & 90 th day. Result: Variations will be seen in subjective as well as objective parameters and inferences. Conclusion: The effectiveness of Gudharitaki Awaleha with dietary supplement will be more than only Gudharitaki Awaleha

BACKGROUND: There are various people having dental arches with edentulous areas which are unrestored and are present posterior to the natural remaining teeth. Such people are known to have a SDA or Shortened Dental Arch. Individuals having SDA may consume a limited diet, containing highly processed& soft foods which can aggravate the possibility of obesity.
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we will evaluate the difference in the nutritional status of the patient with SDA as compared to completely dentulous patients and propose a desired intervention for such patients.
METHODS: This research will be executed at “Department of Prosthodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe) DMIMS DU, Wardha”. Total 40 patients reporting to OPD with unrestored edentulous area posterior to natural teeth as well as completely dentulous patients will be included in this study .Nutritional assessment using “mini nutritional assessment- short form” is evaluated for every subject and compared.
RESULTS: It is expected that this study would provide an insight to the difference in the nutritional status of the patient with SDA as compared to completely dentulous patients and propose a desired intervention for such patients.
CONCLUSION- There are various people having dental arches with unrestored edentulous areas remaining distal to the remaining natural teeth. Such people are known to have a SDA or Shortened Dental Arch .Individuals having SDA may consume a limited diet, containing highly processed& soft foods which can aggravate the possibility of obesity. This study will aid in evaluating the difference in the nutritional status of the patient with SDA as compared to completely dentulous patients and propose a desired intervention for such patients.

Background: One of the major causes of adverse Fetomaternal outcomes have been found to be the various Placenta mediated pregnancy Complications (PMCs). There are inconsistent studies that confirms or proves elevated Serum Homocysteine concentration to be one of the risk factors for Placenta Mediated Complications. Prospective and sufficiently powered studies that uses the pathophysiology of the disease as the basis of their study will help and encourage for a better management of women and fetuses at risk. Hence, this study focuses to determine whether elevated maternal plasma Homocysteine levels in early to mid-second trimester has any significant difference on the occurrence of Placenta-Mediated Complications (PMCs). Objectives: To study and compare the occurrence of Placenta mediated Complications and their Fetomaternal Outcome in women having normal and elevated Serum Homocysteine levels.
Methodology: Females in their early second trimester (Gestational age within 12 -20 weeks) with singleton pregnancy irrespective of taking or not taking periconceptional folic 
acid, presenting for prenatal care in the ANC clinic or planning to deliver at AVBRH Hospital will be selected. Fasting Blood samples will be taken in EDTA Vacutainer tubes and transported to the laboratory within 30min and then the maternal Serum Homocysteine levels will be estimated using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Women with raise Plasma Homocysteine Levels will be categorized into Group A and women with Normal Plasma Homocysteine Levels will be categorized into Group B. Pregnancy outcomes and complications will be extracted by studying the antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal medical records and comparison will be made between both the groups for the level of significance.
Results: The Expected Outcome of this study will be a significant difference in the occurrence of Placenta Mediated Complications and related Adverse Fetomaternal Outcomes in women having elevated and normal Serum Homocysteine Levels.
Conclusion: Our Study will prove the role of maternal homocysteine levels in occurrence of Placenta-mediated pregnancy Complications.

Background- The labour induction becomes necessary when the continuing the pregnancy could result in maternal and fetal complications. Cervical ripening is essential for success of normal delivery, so attempts are made to ripen the cervix in a small span of time.
Aim- To study the comparative impact of “Transcervical Foley's Catheter with vaginal misoprostol on labour induction versus vaginal misoprostol alone” at or after 36 weeks of gestation.
Method- A cross- sectional study conducted in the rural area of India involves 120 full term pregnant females selected by systematic random sampling technique and the labour will be induced either by Foley’s catheter along with misoprostol or misoprostol alone.
Result - In females induced with the Foley catheter along with vaginal misoprostol in both
Primigravida and multigravida females, the time from induction to delivery is predicted to be substantially reduced. Conclusion- Due to synergistic effect of intracervical Foley’s catheter and vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour, the time from induction to delivery interval will be reduced, prolongation of labour will be decreased and unnecessary caesarian section can be avoided.

Background/Rationale: Skin is the most visible organ that defines our appearance and plays a significant social communication role to a great extent. Human beings are often concerned with their external physical appearance, which is directly related to the health of the skin, and if any disease triggers a change in the skin's natural appearance, it causes distress to the individual. Chronic diseases such as Vitiligo, Psoriasis, and Pemphigus severely dagrades the quality of life ( QOL) of affected individuals. ,Psychiatric morbidity was shown by Indian patients as stress ,anxiety depression, lower self-esteem, adjustment disorders, and sleep disturbance, and are vulnerable to various psychiatric disorders such as severe depression and suicidal ideations. The involvement of a chronic illness is typically associated with lower health-related quality of life ( HRQOL), and severity of the disorder often affects HRQOL. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life of patients having Psoriasis, Vitiligo and Pemphigus Vulgaris and To explore the correlation between disease severity and quality of life. Methods: Prospective Cross sectional Study will be carried out in 65 patients with chronic skin diseases, attending Out Patient Department of Dermatology, AVBRH, JNMC, Sawangi, Wardha, will be Registered after having considered different conditions for inclusion and exclusion. A detailed history will be taken, severity index will be calculated and questionnaire, DLQI, HRQOL will be given to the patients. Results: The result would be undertaken in SPSS software. Conclusion: The conclusion will be based on findings for study protocol.

Introduction: A beautiful smile is a facial expression of grave importance as it relates to communication and expression of one’s own feelings and emotion. Planned orthodontic evaluation of smile using Digital Smile Design Software is helpful in determining the final 
treatment goal of obtaining every criterion of the American Board of Orthodontics along with an esthetic smile.
Aim: To digitally evaluate smile based on hard tissue component in Class-I, Class-II division 1 and Class-II division 2 malocclusion.
Method- For each patient, a series of photographs required for DSD analysis will be performed. The facial aspects, smile harmony and dental characteristics will be evaluated. The hard tissue component of beautiful smile in Class-I, Class-II division-1 and Class II Division-2 cases is evaluated, compared and corrected accordingly.
Results- Chi square test, student unpaired t-test, students t test & ANOVA test will be utilised to analyse data. Comparison of the hard tissue component of beautiful smile in Class-I, Class-II division-1 and Class II Division-2 cases will be done usng t-test. When all parameters will be assessed norms for each cases will be obtained.
Conclusion- Digital evaluation of smile before beginning of any procedure can help to achieve treatment goals.

Background: Progressive cervical effacement, cervix dilatation and decent of the presenting part leading to vaginal delivery by iatrogenic uterine contractions of a healthy baby is known as induction of labour.
Cervical length measurement by transvaginal ultrasonography is more objective way for assessing cervical status In late pregnancy, measurement of length of the cervix could help in predicting the spontaneous onset of labour and could assist clinicians in assessing favourability for the induction of labour.
Aim: This aim to find the significance of length of cervical by transvaginal sonography in predicting the successful induction of labour in near term women.
Objectives:
1. To evaluate the cervical length by Transvaginal sonography. 2. To assess the progress of labour in women with different cervical length after induction by misoprostol tablets in relation to cervical length within 24 hours. 3. To assess the overall course of induction in terms of maternal and neonatal outcome.
Material and methods:
In the study, Near term women undergoing induction of labour, will be subjected to history taking, examination and required investigations. A formula is used to measure the sample size, which has the desired level of accuracy, the desired level of confidence, and the approximate proportion of the attribute in the population. Total study participants will be selected among term pregnant primigravida women admitted for delivery after screening through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Prior to the enrolment, written informed consent will be obtained from eligible participants. Selected cases will be subjected to trans-vaginal sonography for cervical length assessment and routine digital examination and then induction of labour will be done with misoprostol.
Expected Results: Women having smaller cervical length are expected to have more favourable outcome of induction in comparison to women with longer cervix near term.

Orthodontic treatment faces major challenges considering the treatment duration because prolonged treatment time causes problems like discomfort to the patient as well as periodontal diseases, caries, root resorption. Various methods like surgical, mechanical/physical stimulation, drugs have been introduced to accelerate orthodontic treatment , these procedures allow structural alteration and help in tooth movement. These methods proved to reduce treatment time. Hence, this article reviews various methods to accelerate orthodontic treatment.

Diabetic complications, such as, retinopathy, nephropathy lead to blindness and end stage renal failure respectively, various neuropathies, and ultimately increased mortality. While the exact mechanisms that lie behind the pathological changes associated with diabetes remain obscure, however, it is widely believed that chronic or intermittent hyperglycemia may alter various metabolic pathways at the tissue level, for instance, increased flux through the polyol and the hexosamine pathways as well as a persistent activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Reducing sugars such as glucose and fructose may react non-enzymatically through their carbonyl groups with free amino groups of proteins (commonly the Ɛ amino group of lysine) to form a Schiff base intermediate which then rearranges to a more stable structure known as Amadori product. The Amadori products generated by the aforementioned Maillard reaction may then undergo further reactions, including dehydration, oxidation and rearrangement resulting in the irreversible formation of heterogeneous advanced glycation end products (AGEs)

The paper attempts to identify the influence of atmosphere of a market, mall or store, unconsciously on a prospective consumer vis a vis the influence on mood and buying. There have been earlier studies on this area, however there is a less work undertaken on the synchronous effect of various atmosphere generators of a market place or sales area.
The response of a consumer towards various store layouts, music, temperature, lighting etc. cannot be similar and subtle changes can lead to change in actions and buying decisions taken by an individual. Therefore, this study attempts to present a view of various ways to see the relation between atmosphere of a sales area and evaluation of products being considered for purchase, through the dynamism of moods. Additionally, two important environmental cues namely music and lighting (color) under which purchase is undertaken is also studied to see its effect on evaluation of a product.

With the world in the midst of a social media revolution, it is obvious that social media like Facebook, twitter, Skype and others, are used widely for the purpose of mass communication. Online tools and technology have changed the very ways we talk to each other. Social media has the capability and the might to bring a change in our social lives in group and mass level both.
In the myriad milieu of mass communication, the researcher through the study of secondary literature and various social media websites has tried to understand the various facets of social media and how it is bring a change in society. It also focuses on the large scale impact of social media on mainstream journalism.

In the modern competitive era, many communication channels to customers need to be developed through technology. Banking through use of Smartphone and apps is the latest advancement in the field of providing better customer services by banks and financial Institutions. After the beginning of such services in India, transactions relating to the use of mobile for banking have grown, however still there is a long passage to cover since large chunk of clients still believe in the age old ways of performing banking. Mobile banking is offering the customer a very quick, reliable and effective service usually 24X7 to aid transactions. Banks can take the assistance of these services to increase the output and efficiency of their staff members by creating benchmark to provide systematized customer service and enhancing linkage with their clients. This paper examines the benefits as well as the limitations of using the aid of mobile banking and the resulting issues which a customers have encountered.

Across these last decades, there are many circumstances where human activities have been affecting in different aspects of the environment. In this modern era emission of greenhouse gases and the practice of fossil fuel become a catastrophic global matter, which leads humankind toward an unruly environment. One is the degradation of the ozone layer. The ozone layer is key as it plays a vital role in the life of all living creatures on the planet, certain elements make the earth habitable for living creatures, one of them being the presence of the ozone layer. Life on earth is possible because of the ozone layer that covers the earth. This article is therefore aimed at revising the sources, causes, and bio effects of ozone layer depletion as well as the role of some microbes that fight greenhouse gas denitrifies. The chlorofluorocarbon and the halons are vigorous ozone depleters. The ozone layer is very distinctive because it prevents too many damaging ultraviolet radiations from radiating and attaining earth. Ultraviolet rays have such a wrecking impact on the earth and have this susceptibility to perish animals and plants and human health and major impacts on global warming and climate-changing. Although, the prospective of ozone layer restoration subsist, unexplored. In the absence of other alterations, stratospheric ozone redundancies should ascent in the future as then halogen loading pests in response to the adjustment. However, the future comportment of ozone will as well as be linked and effected through the alteration atmospheric redundancies of methane, water vapor, sulfate aerosol, nitrous oxide, and climate-changing.

This article explores the impact of the political party’s reputation, party’s image and party’s identity on voting behaviour of educated public opinion. The study has been executed after the assembly election of Punjab 2017 to understand important influential factors on voting behaviour of the educated public. Also to highlight, the factors of a political party that determines a distinctive impact on the educated public to vote for in an election in the present political context. Subsequently, this political communication study suggests the perception of the educated public on their voting orientation to those who are politically active; stakeholders of the political parties and political communicators as well.

Outdoor advertising plays a significant role in reinforcing brand messages among people. OOH advertising acts like a support medium and provides a right media mix to other main stream media in order to get a greater impact. OOH is a very treasured medium and works as a catalyst to other media such as TV, digital, etc. Ones you watch the commercial at home, step out and see the same messaging again it strengthens the communication.it helps in generating high brand recall. Outdoor media encourages more exploration of the brand among the target customers. On an average people spend 70% of their time per day outside home. The best combination for connecting people in today’s world is mobile phones and outdoor advertising. The said combination of Outdoor advertising and Mobile phones has the power to even prompt people for a brand choice shift. Outdoor advertising is a central channel to reach urban population, since it cannot be avoided or jammed in external surroundings. This research is carried with the objective to find the perception of youth on OOH advertising as support medium .Nearly 76 respondents were contacted using convenience sampling technique and their responses were taken using questionnaire method.

With the widespread use of biomass for energy purposes, present communication exploits this potential renewable source for the production of bio-based products including chemicals, polymers, materials, feed and bioenergy, pursuing a cascading approach (biorefinery). Both biochemical (chemicals, enzymes, and fermentative microorganisms) and thermo-chemical (heat and chemical) processes, are addressed. It is true that substantial breakthrough has been achieved but the fact remains that R&D efforts are still necessary to address both technological and non-technological barriers. Development and demonstration of qualified innovative processes, technologies and components for the generation of both electric and thermal power in small-sized plants and the production of second-generation biofuels and sustainable biobased products, are the main challenges that needs to be addressed. In the above context, ENEA, in cooperation with both national and international stakeholders, has a number of R&D activities and a strategic projects portfolio. The focal point of ENEA’s activities as well as brief description of some prototype technologies, are described in the present communication.

Worker participation in management is always the key success factor for the satisfaction of the employee, an employee which is participating in the major decisions of the business will feel motivated and contribute much to the wellbeing of the business and the important affairs related to it but watching the current scenario, the decisions are basically taken by top-level management without consulting to the middle or lower-level management so as all the crucial factors will be in control of the top-level management and nothing will be discussed with the middle and lower level management. As it is very much and clear that till how much time this crisis will go on they are assuring but researchers around the globe they are testing the antidote for COVID-19 and they are sharing their valuable inputs throughout the world so that more and more scientist and researchers will contribute to that thing. The governments will take some appropriate steps to work for the benefit of business houses and to lift the unnecessary fixed charges with the business houses are paying to the government like the electricity, the bank interest loans, the taxes they have to pay during the time of lockdown. This will give an immunity booster to the business houses and they will also give the necessary benefit to their employees which are the Human Assets for any company. As it is very much and clear that till how much time this crisis will go on they are assuring but researchers around the globe they are testing the antidote for COVID-19 and they are sharing their valuable inputs throughout the world so that more and more scientist and researchers will contribute to that thing. The governments will take some appropriate steps to work for the benefit of business houses and to lift the unnecessary fixed charges with the business houses are paying to the government like the electricity, the bank interest loans, the taxes they have to pay during the time of lockdown. This will give an immunity booster to the business houses and they will also give the necessary benefit to their employees which are the Human Assets for any company.

We can see a sudden increase in technical advancement from past two decades in the area of E-learning and especially post covid-19 lockdown around the globe in majority countries. This facility has provided access to learning around the globe. It also enhances their ability to connect with the outside world and to build their skills in new streams which are yet to come in their geographical location. In the initial days everyone was searching and advising for best possible strategies for work from home but educational institutions had come up with a challenging solution if implemented well will reduce the effect of this virus-related lockdown on studies of the students. The biggest boon to educational institutions is the video conferencing tool made available by various application running around the globe like google hangouts, meet and zoom app etc also they are taking help of online courses made available free of cost to the faculty as well as students lile coursera, swayam etc. This type of platforms student is having freedom to interact one to one with his instructor resolve the queries raised by him for any feedback which he or she is willing to provide to the instructor making this e-learning through m-learning successful. The biggest advantage in this is you can access your lecture at any time when you are free e from your regular work and can make your notes at any time without any disturbance from your classmates for your colleagues. Taking these things in regard, educational institutions are investing more on e-resources and providing best state of the art facilitates to their students.

Visual merchandising in the retail market sector is about the display and also the promotion of products in such a way that it will boost the sales. To make people find their suitable product with ease you have to apply the best visual merchandising technique for your store and products. There is no if and but in this that visual merchandising can be called as ‘silent salesman’. Best visual merchandising technique is that technique by applying which both the sales and profit will increase which is directly dependent on the customer footfall and their experiences. A vast and dynamic visual merchandising is having a massive impact on customer coming to your store like today the resources are limited and real estate prices are going real high so it is the need of the hour that there will be proper utilisation of all resources available for this the retail managers will try to ensure this thing that every possible space in the store will be utilised. Researcher had also found that there is direct relation between people’s smell and what are they smelling and it further leads to 40% conditioning of their mood when the fragrance is very pleasant. That is why the perfume industry is $8bn worth. Smell is not only restricted to tea or coffee shops but cloth retailers are also using the power this smell factor as many stores are using air perfumes to enhance the atmosphere of the store with a very pleasant smell.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is all about the initiatives of a business which are beneficial to society and others stakeholders in the business. The pyramid under corporate social responsibility is categorize under three categories called as triple bottom line approach as Environmental, Social and Economic. The world is dynamic today, this thing is visible in front of your eyes and it depends on how actively one participates in the changing world activities or just following the flow of change, these changes affect all of us. This statement is true in the business world also as well where there is shortage of resources, power outcomes and problems with the labour which leads to a conclusion that companies nowadays have to take extra measures and precautions so that it can sustain for a longer period of time in present changing scenario. On the other hand, Social media is also an effective tool to highlight the company’s performance in the area of corporate social responsibility and what it has done to achieve this with its successful strategies which in turn lead to increased sales and create a larger base of customers for the company and is a free publicity of positive nature. People nowadays want to do transaction with that business house only with which they can build a trust. This makes the business houses to build a creditability report through their effective sustainability and corporate social responsibility initiatives that the business house has taken. To sustain a longer and healthy competition in today’s market place, which is growing like anything at a rapid speed a business house has to retain its top talent and keep on doing work in the area of corporate social responsibility for better relations with society. In 2018, the average money spent on corporate social responsibility activities was nearly Rs 81 Crore which 9% more than the average money spending in 2016. Maximum amount invested in a project in 2018 was Rs 703 crore in comparison to Rs 593 Crore invested in 2016. Transparency was a major constraint in implementing these strategies and projects out of 100 companies surveyed the transparency level is near to 99% in comparison to 55% in 2014-2015. The report has disclosed that companies are having their own standalone CSR committees.

The present research study was carried out to find out the effectiveness of the scheme of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) in Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand. On the basis of the collected data it is clear that how much the programme was effective to its beneficiaries i.e. swarojgaris and to the SHGs. The knowledge about important issues such as overall project cost, loan and subsidy that can be availed by different groups of society was missing in some cases. This information remained confined to the group leader, because of ineffective leadership and due to ignorance on the part of SHG members. But in most of the cases, SHGs 75 per cent were well acquainted with this aspect. The progress of SHG needs to be periodically reviewed and monitored to isolate the hindering factors and enabling smooth functioning of the unit. A block level committee is formed for this purpose. Although all the surveyed areas had this committee but their functionality was questionable, because some of the SHGs 37.5 per cent were unaware about this reporting unit. So it was not functional in some of the cases and did not play its role as it should. When it comes to the income of the SHG members, half of the surveyed SHGs had no knowledge about the stipulated guidelines of the government on monthly income

Although zinc is considered as micronutrient it has a vital role in plant growth. Among all metals, the largest number of proteins required zinc for their catalytic function. Zinc-binding proteins make up nearly 10% of all protein in biological systems. Zinc plays a vital role in biological systems like structural integrity of membrane and contribution to protein synthesis also gene expression. According to FAO that zinc is considered as most commonly deficient in agriculture soils about 50%. Sometimes add more phosphorus may lead to the deficient of zinc in the soil for some reason. In plants zinc deficient can be noticed by the leaf chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, bronzing of leaves, resetting of leaves, stunting of plants, dwarf leaves, malformed leaves. Zinc deficient soil can as treat well in many ways and the most used method is the application of zinc-containing fertilizers. Zinc sulphate is a widely used fertilizer. If soils are untreated it may cause up to 40% yield loss without the appearance of distinct leaf symptoms. One percent zinc-containing NPK and urea fertilizer are available in many countries. Zinc also is used as seed treatment instead of the application of fertilizer and root dipping or transplant seedlings. Thus, zinc is considered an important micronutrient for plant growth.

Alternaria solani is considered as the weed of field because of its wide adaptability under various field conditions. It causes numerous diseases to various plants and even causes huge economic loss to the farmers every year. Various techniques have been used to control this pathogen under various conditions from cultural to chemical management, certainly there is more hope for better results from these techniques. Hence by this we review various techniques that have been used by the management of this pathogen and what will be the future aspects for the management under field conditions. We have considered most of the techniques that have been currently used for the management by various researchers and they have got tremendous results. Various new techniques have been listed which provides better results viz., homeopathy and plant extracts.

India had to reconstruct its economy after 1947 when more than three-quarters of the population relied on farming. There were several issues faced by agriculture in India like very small grain productivity due to lack of irrigation and other infrastructure as farming still dependent on monsoons. The Green Revolution began in 1965 with the first implementation of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds in Indian agriculture. This has been combined with better and more effective irrigation and proper fertilizer use to increase the crop yields. The Green Revolution ultimately resulted in India becoming self-sufficient. Presently, to get more production from the shrinking resources like land and water is the huge challenge. Biofertilizers, are regarded as profitable, environmental friendly and limitless resources of crop nutrients or microbial inoculants and economical transporters for adding and mobilizing nutrients in soil.

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different fertilizer doses and bio-fertilizer inoculation on nutrient content and uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Complete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 7 treatments was used for the study and the experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2017-2018 in the experimental farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. Application of 100 % RDF (T1) and 75% RDF + PSB as soil application + Rhizobium as seed treatment (T2) showed remarkable results on seed and stover yield; nutrient content and uptake by seed and stover; and protein content of the seed. Significantly higher seed yield (1348.75 kg ha-1) and stover yield (2370.37 kg ha-1) of chickpea was observed on application of 75% RDF + PSB as soil application + Rhizobium as seed treatment (T2) and 100% RDF (T1) respectively. Higher nutrient content in seed and stover, higher nutrient uptake by stover and higher protein content in seed was recorded with the application of 100% RDF which remained at par with T2. Interestingly, higher nutrient uptake by chickpea seed was revealed with the application of 75% RDF + PSB as soil application + Rhizobium as seed treatment and it remained at par with T1.

Global population increases drastically but the production of quality food grains has decreased in the same way that may results the poor nutrition content in the food. The reason behind less quality of food grain is the continuous use of chemical fertilizers in field in order to produce higher yield but these inorganic fertilizers increase yield and other side it decreases the soil fertility and cause effect to soil ecofriendly organisms and cause pollution in the soil and environment. Instead of using those inorganic fertilizers replace with using organic amendments like FYM, Poultry manure, Vermicomposting, sheep and goat manure, bone meal, slurry, sewage and sludge along with the bio fertilizers plays key role to enrich nutrient content, increase microbial population, improves water holding capacity in soil and provides the better aeration around plant rhizosphere. Growing of sole crop with organic amendments may reduce yield. Instead of these we fallow intercropping systems like cereals + pulse, cereal + oil crop, cereal + cereal crop may provide the better production and among intercropping systems cereal +pulse crop of wheat and chickpea with recommended ratios of (2:2,3:1,2:1,1:1) has shown the better results in crop production with good quality grain yield ,LER, better growth rate per unit area by better utilization of N2 from legume crop by fixation and makes profit to the farmer by reducing the incidence of disease, pest and weed .

The declination of soil quality is a major concern nowadays. Due to the use of Green revolution techniques the production has increased to much extent but it has caused the detioration of the soil quality, degradation of land which ultimately affects the human health and environment. Accumulation of agrochemicals in the soil is decreasing the soil quality which also leads to less fertility of the soil. The use of green manures crops can restore the soil fertility, prevent soil erosion, improve physico-chemical properties of soil, maintain genetic balance; mainly they act as nutrient supply to the succeeding crops. They not only improve the physical, biological property of the soil but also protect the plants from diseases. Therefore, it helps in plant protection also. Various research papers, research activities of green manures are reviewed here for role of green manuring in sustainable agriculture.

One of the serious problems faced by our nation is the post-harvest losses of fresh produce due to rapid deterioration of the fresh produce during both pre and post-harvest conditions, and in turn affecting the quality of fruits. Herbal edible coating is a novel or unique solution to this problem. The major purpose of the above invention is to increase the shelf life of fresh fruits through the application of herbal natural coating on the fruit surface. It is an effective method to improve the quality and thus, increase shelf-life of the fruits. They can be consumed safely as a part of our food because of their antimicrobial properties. Presently there is increasing demand for use of extracts obtained from herbs like that of neem, lemongrass, aloe, tulsi, cinnamon, mint and clove as edible material for coating on fruits due to their nutraceutical and beneficial properties. They are developed from corn starch by incorporating it into aqueous Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract. Corn starch is a polysaccharide derived from Maize (Corn-Zea mays) and beeswax is a lipid based material that has the ability to prevent the moisture and gases loss. Tulsi used for medicinal purposes from many years, its leave extract have numerous health benefits such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and many others in addition to acts as a natural preservative. Tulsi (O. sanctum), corn starch and beeswax are natural components of herbal edible coating which is fit for human consumption. It have been shown to prevent water loss, control ripening process, delay oxidative browning, controls respiration rate, & reduces microbial growth in fruits such as papaya, grapes, orange, apple & mango. These herbal edible coatings increases the storage time at low temperatures and it also increase the shelf-life of fresh produce whereas all uncoated fruits will be decayed. Thus, herbal extracts are being studied increasingly as an additive in edible coatings on fruits as aninnovative approach for the commercial application and as an alternative for the post-harvest treatments with chemicals on fruits resulting in increased shelf-life.

Manipur is extremely rich in underutilised minor fruit crops of immense horticultural and medicinal properties. Meitei, the major ethnic community of Manipur has the unique traditional knowledge of consuming the underutilised minor fruit in a varietal way. This community has a unique way of consuming Elaeocarpus serratus fruits in raw and in the traditionally processed form from time immemorial viz. Ambon (sauce), Chorphon Akangba (dried fruit slices and flaxes), Chorphon Heingan (candy), Chorphon Atingba (fermented fruit wine), Chorphon Achar (pickle) and Chorphon Takkhieba (beverage powder/and churang). They consumed the raw unripe fruit in a different form and also with some leafy green vegetables over a long period of time. The tradition knowledge of eating this underutilised minor fruits are handed down from one generation to another orally with a believed to have got direct medicinal benefit by this mode of eating. In this study, the traditional processes of Elaeocarpus serratus fruits and its medicinal values were documented.

India is a second largest producer of vegetables after China. Fruits and vegetables are essential parts of our diets. Among all horticultural crops, vegetables recommended highest by ICMR. Therefore, vegetables occupy essential concern regarding production and productivity. The per capita recommended vegetables per day is 300 g per person per day (ICMR). Therefore, the vegetables require extra emphasis to improve production and productivity of it to feed the second largest population in the world. The data has been collected from various secondary sources. To study the trends of area and production of major vegetables has been collected from 2001-2018. To study the performance of vegetables, productivity has been calculated. Among all the vegetables, potato, onion, tomato and brinjal contribute maximum area and production. The vegetables are restricting to particular geographical condition so there is a need to increase the crop diversification to enhance the productivity, nutrition and food security.

Present investigation was carried out on four different diets (Tender chickpea leaf, Chick pea socked grains, Green pea and Artificial diet) for different biological events growth and development were compared as different parameters such as larval period, pre-pupal period, pupal period, percent pupation, pupal weight and percent adult emergence along with embryonic development, eggs laying capacity of female, survivability of adult and sex ratio. The effect of different host on the biological growth and development of pod borer maximum larval period was recorded on green pea 19.43 days, pre-pupal period 1.76 and 1.43 days found on chickpea leaf and green pea than maximum pupal period 12.8 and 10.18 days recorded on same host. The maximum percent of pupation recorded on chickpea leaves 93.33% and on the same host highest adult emergence observed on 90.28%The maximum pre-ovipostional, ovipostional and post-ovipostional periods recorded on artificial diet 3.80, 6.16 and 2.19 days, highest fecundity recorded on artificial diet 770.59 eggs/female, the highest longevity of male and female recorded on chickpea leaf 7.86 and 13.13 days, the maximum sex ratio recorded 1:1.9 on artificial diet .The maximum growth index recorded on artificial diet 5.39 , the higher larval pupal Index and survival index recorded 1.19 and 1.05 on the chickpea leaf ,The maximum ovipostional index recorded on the artificial diet 1.00 ,The adult index of male recorded 1.00 same are all food material and female maximum recorded 1.00 on artificial diet and minimum 0.78 on chickpea grain.

Deportation of one set of chromosomes from a strain into the other distinct strain is defined as chromosome substitution. In order to investigate the effects of individual chromosomes they are transferred from a variety to another variety sharing common genetic history. Alternatively, a chromosome carrying a desirable gene or a group of genes may be transferred into another variety lacking those genes. Chromosome substitution in most widely used in plant breeding to developing a resistant variety by advanced mapping populations, including CSSLs, ILs, BILs & NILs. Furthermore, for achieving the objective of enhancing the cultivated species through ingression of novel genes isolated from wild relatives, production of chromosome substitution lines with the help of marker assisted selection acts as the most promising tool. The wild and weedy cultivars of the major crops are sometimes used as germplasm sources in breeding programs. Unwanted effects are more exhibited by alien substitutions rather than alien additions due to which they are not directly used in agriculture.

The investigation was carried out in Horticulture Laboratory in school of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Punjab. Sapota fruits cv. Kalipatti were harvested at physiological mature stage. After harvesting, fruits were packed in different types of packaging materials and kept at a temperature range of 10±2ºC. Packaging materials used in this investigation are LDPE (25μ), HDPE (20μ), shrink film (10μ) and cling film (15μ and 23μ). Later, the fruits were examined for the physiological loss in weight (PLW) and bio-chemical properties such as TSS, Titrable acidity, Ascorbic acid, and Sugars. The fruits were kept in controlled temperature and analyzed after 2 days storage interval. The shelf life of fruits was found to be best in the packed fruits, where they lasted for 15 days. In control i.e., without packaging the fruits survived for 9 days only. Among all the packaging materials, shrink film proved to be most effective in maintaining the superior quality of sapota fruits. The mean PLW was the least among all the treatments in Shrink film (2.43%) followed by Cling film of 15μ (2.60%). Maximum mean PLW was found in the control (22.93%). Most of the bio-chemical parameters recorded during investigation were found to be best in shrink film as compared to all other films used for the experimentation.

The experiment was conducted in Agriculture filed of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar with wheat variety viz. HD 3086 to know the effect of foliar application of iron on nitrogen uptake and its combined impact on growth and yield of wheat. The plot design was RCBD with three replications and eight treatments. T1: Control (without fertilizer), T2: Control (with RDF), T3: RDF+ FeSO4 + Urea (at flowering stage), T4: RDF + FeSO4 (at flowering stage), T5: RDF + FeSO4 + Urea (at milking stage), T6: RDF+ FeSO4 (at milking stage), T7: RDF+ FeSO4 + Urea (at pre-maturity), T8: RDF + FeSO4 (at pre-maturity). The observed parameters plant height, length of spike, number of tiller, effective number of tillers, test weight of grain, number of spike lets per spike, number of grain per spike were taken at regular interval of 60, 90 ,120 DAS. In case of yield parameter the maximum test weight was recorded in T3 (49.75) and minimum was in T3 (45.09). For harvest index maximum value was recorded in T3 (45.42) and minimum in T1 (43.49). According to result, better growth and yield parameter was observed in treatments T3 due to foliar spray of iron and urea. Iron acts as catalyst and regulate many enzymatic activities which helps in better growth and increase in the yield, whereas urea is a source of nitrogen and in plants growth nitrogen play very important role because it helps in the synthesis of chlorophyll and many other activities.

A field trail was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of foliar application of iron on nutrient availability in wheat grain. The plot design was RCBD with three replications and eight treatments. T1: Control (without fertilizer), T2: Control (with RDF), T3: RDF+ FeSO4 + Urea (at flowering stage), T4: RDF + FeSO4 (at flowering stage), T5: RDF + FeSO4 + Urea (at milking stage), T6: RDF+ FeSO4 (at milking stage), T7: RDF+ FeSO4 + Urea (at pre-maturity), T8: RDF + FeSO4 (at pre-maturity). After harvesting, estimation of nutrients in grain revealed that for most of the nutrients application of Fe at flowering and miliking stage has great impact on increased nutrients in grain.

Under storage a challenge has happened population decreases drastically very next it gets its peak. This seems an opportunistic challenge to bring of such substrates where certain microorganisms might be replicated and stored for long time to be used by farmers. Many substrates from many researches came into record and has been used for mass production of antagonistic microorganisms (BCAs) known for biological control of other group of microorganisms called plant pathogens. Therefore, few tree borne oilseeds (TBOs) known for their medicinal and nutritional properties been used under current investigation. There were four cakes of Neem, Jatropha, Mahua and Karanja evaluated and found supporting population dynamics of Trichoderma harzianum when used as substrate. It was revealed that Neem cake was the best substrate in vitro supported Trichoderma growth for four months while Jatropha cake was found supporting population dynamics in vivo. The antagonist could be stored for more than 4 months when mixed with the sources of carbon and nitrogen. Among all substrates Neem cake found maintaining high population at any level when counted as colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of substrate.

Approval Is The Craft Of Planning, Practicing And Designing The Structured Strides Close By With The Documentation. Procedure Approval Focus On Process Plan Components And Keeping Up Process Control During Advertisation And Impart That Procedure Approval Is A Continuous Program And Adjust Operation Or Procedure Approval Exercises With Item Circuition. Procedure Approval Additionally Stress On The Job Of Statistical Tools &Inspection, Target Measures, Examinations And Underlines Information, Recognition, And Control Of Fluctuation And Grants An Assertion On Steady Of Importance Of Productsall Throughout Whole Life. As Indicated By GMP, Approval Learning Are Basic Component Of GMP These Are Needed To Be Finished According To Predetermined Conventions. The Procedure Is Created So That The Necessary Framework Are Accomplished And It Guarantees That The Yield Of The Procedure Will Regularly Met Necessitate Fundamental During The Standard Creation. The Approval Study Give The Exactness, Specificity, Reproducibility And Affectability Of The Test Strategies Utilized By The Organizations, Will Be Set Up And Reported. Therefore The Approval Is A Fundamental Piece Of The Quality Confirmation. Outcome From Procedure Approval Technique Can Be Utilized To Pass Judgment On The Regularity Of Explanatory Outcome.

Obesity is the lifestyle disorder which is becoming very common with the passage of time due to the unhealthy lifestyle followed by us resulting into fat accumulation and abnormal increase in body weight which ultimately leads to many other fatal diseases. The drugs proposed by FDA for the treatment and management of obesity are administered through different routesto exhibit their effective pharmacological action but these drugs are having either poor solubility or poor permeability due to which an achieving an effective bioavailability is a challenge. Solid lipid nanoparticles are the lipid based nano-carriers which facilitates the drug to reach into the systemic circulation. Solid lipid nanoparticles carry the drug in their lipidic medium increasing the permeability through the phospholipid bilayer. The approach is empowered by articulating from conventional to lipid-based nano-carrier formulation and in addition, specific amendment in the functional components. The enhanced solubility and therefore the bioavailability results into dose reduction which also lowers the risk of side effects due to drug toxicity or due to higher doses.

As the world advances towards new developments in the field of medicine, the menace of dreadful diseases keeps on posing a new challenge to the healthcare systems. There are myriads of diseases afflicting the mankind which so far remain completely or partially unanswered by pharmacological interventions. Even in some of the cases where drug modalities are multitude, only symptomatic relief is obtained. The cure at times appears unrealistic and the subjects continue to suffer for not only the lack of treatment, but also due to undesired harmful effects. Consequently, the emphasis is being placed on utilization of every bit of the scientific knowledge available thereby reinforcing the interestin complementary and alternative forms of treatment, used simultaneously with drug modalities or in isolation. Balneotherapy is one such technique employed since ancient times for remission, rehabilitation and treatment of various diseased states. The technique utilizes medicinal water or mud with chemical constituents that provide nourishment and healing effects. Recent scientific literature has examined the potential of balneological treatments in differentclinical stateswith varyingdegrees of infirmity. The present review summarizes the mechanisms involved behind the restorative effects of balneological treatments and their effectiveness in various disease conditions

This periodical object specify with the numerous pelletization skills employed in the pharmaceutical industrialized for spheroidal element fabrication i.e., spheroids are mainly for oral management which can be additional expressed into numerous additional dosage forms such as medicines, shells or can be management as such. Nowadays oral management has converted into most adaptable, appropriate and corporate route of remedy management which eventually emphases on patient compliance. In pharmaceutical industries, spheroids are multiparticulate dosage form which was designed by the accumulation of fine pulverized excipient and remedies together that indicates to the establishment of insignificant unrestricted elegant sphere-shaped or semi sphere-shaped elements. This strategy is entitled as pelletization. The magnitudes of the spheroids are ranging from 0.5-2mm. Due to their free elegant aptitude of spheroids and have short porosity about 10%. The manufacturing strategy includes extrusion spheronization, warm liquesce extrusion, balling, compression, cryopelletization, Globulation, spray congealing.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major reason of mortality and morbidity worldwideMyocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease occurs due to blockage in the coronary artery by atherosclerotic clot. Coronary artery blockage interrupts the coronary blood supply which destroying cardiac tissue. Multiple factors such as inflammation, β-adrenergic system as well as oxidative stress are involved in the causing the myocardial infarction. Certain sigma receptor agonist show protective action against myocardial infarction.The main purpose of this article is to understand thepotential of sigma receptor agonist forcardiovascular protection .Sigma receptor stimulation represents a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of heart from hypertrophic as well as dysfunction in heart failure.Sigma receptor primarily potentiating the cholinergic neurotransmission and modulate the cardiac contractility.

Among the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cancer is a major global health burden with low survival rate. According to WHO’s Globocan-2018 report, the developing countries of Africa and Asia are contributing more to 7 million new cases and 6 million figures of death due to non-availability of targeted and affordable treatment. The selective targeting of biological targets in cancerous cells or tissue is a crucial criterion for successful treatment of cancer. The continuous findings in the area anticancer therapeutic development have been provided variety of potential targets such as receptors, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids etc. which are present in cancer cells. Here, we provided detail on different biological targets and their biological role in cancer. Additionally, some clinically used as well as novel molecular agent acting on these anticancer targets have been included along with updation. This paper will be helpful in the target specific design and development of novel anticancer therapeutics.

Millets are the small seeded grains of family Poaceae. They are able to grow on less fertile soils, have low water requirement and short maturity time. They are also nutrient dense in comparison to rice, wheat and maize. Their proteins are free from gluten and hence can be used an alternative to wheat flour for celiac patients. They are rich source of dietary fibre and phytochemicals like phytic acid and ferulic acid. Dietary fibre helps in the growth of probiotic microorganisms and hence millets can be used as a potential prebiotic source. Dietary fibre also reduces the glycaemic index of the food. Phytic acid helps in the reduction of cholesterol and also reduces the cancer. Ferulic acid is an antioxidant and exhibit strong free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activity. Nowadays, the millets have been use widely for the development of functional foods.

Now a day’s everyone is concerned about their health, so peoples uses nutraceuticals for maintain their better health. Now in this era nutraceuticals are high in demand are available in the market. Nutraceuticals are uses since from the Vedic period. Many herbs are used as nutraceuticals. These are very beneficial for the health, boost the immunity and fight against diseases. Peoples who are going to gym they mostly take nutraceuticals. Chemical compound which is present in any substance, fruits, vegetables etc. plays a very important role. A word nutraceutical itself represented that it contains nutrition and we all know about their importance. Spices that we used in our food daily are also a part of nutraceuticals

In this era of nanotechnology lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles (cubosomes) are relatively less explored lipid-based nanocarriers that can be formulated selectively and specificity for almost all administration routes. The natural compounds are proved to be significantly curative in pulmonary diseases due to reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. The natural products have limited bioavailability due to either hydrophilic or low water solubility. These limitations can be overcome by using a novel nanotechnology such as cubosomes or liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNs). LCNs can easily encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds because of the amphiphilic nature of lipid monoolein (MO). LCN can be used to co-deliver synthetic and natural compounds irrespective of their solubility due to multi-compartment structure. We can use LCNs to formulate drugs of synthetic origin with natural one to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR).

Aquasomes are novel spherical nanovesicular drug carrier that ranges from 60 to 300 nanometer in size. They are self-organizing architectures through the action of different bonds e.g. ionic, non-covalent and van der waals forces. Aquasomes are constructed from three main components i.e. core substance, coating material and the loaded drug. The core mainly acts as a support for the polyhydroxy oligomers to enhance the structural stability of the formulations whereas the coating material is responsible for protecting the loaded pharmaceutical bioactive substances from dehydration. They are chiefly studied for delivering acid labile molecules like proteins and peptides. Nevertheless, they have potential in achieving higher solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs by imparting hydrophilicity to the poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Aquasomes also proved to have double targeting since sustained as well as targeted delivery approach can be achieved. Some of the mainly used sugars as coating material, different preparation techniques, applications and evaluation parameters are thoroughly discussed in the article.

Pharmacogenomics (PGx), likewise perceived as pharmacogenetics, is a branch about pharmacologyor genomics. It is an ongoing abstention that examination the results about genomic, yet hereditary variety about the assimilation, digestion, working effectiveness, antagonistic responses of pills between the ethnic body, in this way the improvement of advance medications have been incorporated. The PGx thought has been proposed since 1950s, alongside the primary reason for distinguishing significant hereditary forms up to desire to fix ailment between people. As of now PGx is the former decision as a result of coordinating genomic records into clinical practice and offering therapeutic choice help. PGx inquire about indicated amazing accomplishments for different sickness. Among them, Diabetes is a most plentifully influenced by quality inconstancies. Diabetes is infection characterized dependent on hyperglycemia. There are monogenics of diabetes where characterizing the hereditary reason dramatically affects treatment with patients having the option to move from insulin to sulfonylureas. Be that as it may, most of diabetes is type-2 diabetes. Until this point in time, clinically significant pharmacogenomics has to a great extent been restricted to extreme eccentric antagonistic medication responses, to variety in sedate digestion, and to treatment result in malignant growth chemotherapeutics where the physical transformations drive the decision of focused intercession. In this review article, we concentrate on pharmacogenomics in type-2 diabetes and utilize this not exclusively to layout the ongoing advances in the field however to address the difficulties that are confronted while thinking about hereditary qualities of treatment adequacy and symptoms in like manner complex illness status of diabetes.

Three sets of differentphenylene-bis(hydrazone) derivatives namely,Gc, Gd and Ge,were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their molecular properties andin vitro anticancer activity against human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. All compounds showed potent anticancer activity against the MG63 cells with IC50ranging from 18.27 to 21.68μM. Among three sets of compounds,Ge showed the most potent anticancer activity against osteosarcoma MG63 cells and was superior to standard anticancer reference drug,methotrexate (MTX). All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic studies (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and13C NMR). In silicomolecular properties and drug-like properties were predicted by using Osiris property explorer software. None of Gc and Ge set of compounds violated Lipinski’s boundaries thereby suggesting good oral bioavailability. All the synthesized compounds possessed good pharmacokinetic properties in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism and toxicity (ADMET). However, the GdSeries compoundswere predicted to be capableof crossing BBB due to their high lipophilicity. The Gc and Ge series of compounds showed good pharmacokinetic parameters within the acceptable range. All the synthesized drugs were predicted to have better pharmacokinetic properties thanthe MTX reference drug.Taken together, our study suggests that Ge series derivatives may be considered as lead drug molecules for possible anticancer applications to be useful against osteosarcoma.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrchumcapsici is one of the most important diseases of chilli. In the present investigation, inhibitory effectof different Trichoderma species were observed in lab condition. It was found that all four treatments,were efficient in mycelia growth inhibition of Colletotrichumcapsici. Trichodermaharzianum gave best result in dual culture with growth inhibition of 83.8% against whereas T. viride showed (83.3%). &Carbendazim 79.4% mycelium growth inhibitionrespectively.

The experimental study “Effect of Irrigation scheduling, Mulching and Hydrogel on Maize (Zea mays)”has been carried out at lovely professional university. The study has been carried out with different treatment combinations of irrigation scheduling, mulching and hydrogel. The effect was observed on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index, days of silking. The treatment combination of 6kg mulch and 100 grams hydrogel shown the significant effect on maize crop. With these combinations the average height was recorded (78.2 cm, 228.1cm and 230.4 cm) at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and 90 DAS, number of leaves were recorded (5.8, 12.7 and 14.2), LAI (1.5, 3.5 and 4.1).

Red rot caused by Colletotrchum falcatum is one of the most important diseases of Sugarcane. In the present investigation, inhibitory effects of different Trichoderma species were observed in lab condition. It was found that all five Trichoderma species were efficient in mycelia growth inhibition of Colletotrichum falcatum. Trichoderma harzianum gave best result in dual culture with growth inhibition of 84.4% against whereas T. koningii showed minimum growth inhibition of 76.2%.

The harmful amounts of metals in soils may be related to natural vegetation due to planting, manufacturing, mining, and waste management activities. Many of the acidic soils below pH 5.0 are essential growth restricting factors in plants, pH value as large as 5.5, however, may be easily reached. The issue is especially bad in extremely acidic subsoils that face trouble during liming and are aggravated by strongly acidic nitrogen engravings. The strong acidity in the subsoil (AI toxicity) decreases height of the plants, increases drought susceptibility and decreases the use of subsoil nutrients. The high temperature exacerbates aluminum toxicity d in cotton and wheat. The treatments T4, when compared with T1, showed that Fibroin NPs decreased the total free proline in rice stalk by only 14.19% whereas KNO3 NPS in T5 enhanced the same by 39.92% when applied along with Aluminium stress. The total free proline in rice stalk was significantly enhanced by about 9.88% concerning T1 when treated with Fibroin NPs upon Aluminium stress whereas only sole Fibroin NPs were applied (T6). KNO3 Nanoparticles when applied upon Aluminium stress (T6). The total free proline in rice roots was significantly decreased by about 17.39% concerning T1 when treated with Fibroin NPs upon Aluminium stress whereas only sole Fibroin NPs were applied (T6). KNO3 Nanoparticles when applied upon Aluminium stress (T6).

The research work entitled “Studies on preventive measures to reduce the postharvest losses in onion (Allium cepa L.)” was carried out at NIFTEM, Sonepat, Haryana, India during Rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16. The research work was carried out with objectives of studying the effect of application of organic formulations (applied as pre-harvest foliar spray viz., Neem based formulation (Besara) at the rate of 20ml/L; Panchgavya at the rate of 100ml/L; Trichoderma viride (Bio Shield) at the rate of 50g/L) on growth period of selected onion varieties (Pusa Madhavi, Pusa Riddhi, Pusa Red, NHRDF Red and Agri found Light Red) grown during Rabi season in Haryana region. The formulations were applied as four pre-harvest foliar sprays starting from 30 days after transplanting and repeated at an interval of 15 days. The main aim of this experiment was to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungi causing spoilage of stored onion bulbs under cold and ambient conditions. Additionally, the efficacy of organic formulations against the isolated pathogenic fungi was studied under both the onion storage conditions. Fungal isolates responsible for disease and rotting as identified under cold storage condition were Penicillum purpurogenum, Penicillum griseofalvum, Penicillum citrinum and as Aspergillus niger under ambient storge contion. Under in-vitro condition, Neem based formulation (Besaara) was most effective for inhibition of fungal growth. The efficacy of organic formulations in restricting the fungal growth was higher with higher concentration (i.e. at 20%).

A field experiment was conducted at the main Field Station, Department of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab during session 2018-2019 on sandy loam soil with ph 7.41 and Ec 0.35(ds m-1). The study was done to evaluate the “Effect of Fly ash and micronutrients (Zn and Fe) on yield of maize crop.” Pioneer 3401 hybrid variety was used. The experiment has seven treatments T1 (RDF), T2(Fly ash 10 t ha-1), T3(RDF + Zn EDTA 12%), T4(RDF + Fe EDTA 12%), T5(RDF + Fly ash 10 t ha-1+ Zn EDTA 12%), T6(RDF + Fly ash 10 t ha-1+ Fe EDTA 12%) and T7(RDF + Fly ash 10 t ha-1 + Zn EDTA 12% + Fe EDTA 12%) and was arranged in RBD design. The different parameters of growth and yield were evaluated. It was reported that T7 shows the maximum records of Number of cobs per plant (1.73), cob length (18.17 cm), cob weight (141.57 g), grains per cob (339.86), cob girth (14.03 cm), grain rows per cob (13.26), 100 seed weight (26 g) and seed yield (70.27q/ha).The least was recorded from T1 treatment. The yield of a crop has shown more responses to the combine application of RDF, Fly ash and foliar spray of Zn and Fe. The combination of fertilizers has an anticipated command on maize cultivar.

An experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of sowing dates and genotypic response of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolar L.) in relation to plant height, total chlorophyll and nitrogen content in the flag leave at regular intervals i.e. 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAS at the research farm of Lovely Professional University, Punjab. As per the sowing dates is concern, plant height (cm) and amount of chlorophyll (mg g-1 of fresh leaf) and nitrogen content (%) was gradually decreased up to the last sowing dates (D1 to D3). While among the DAS is concern, the amount of chlorophyll content was gradually increased up to 75 DAS and decline thereafter in all the tested genotypes in each dates of sowing. However, the amount of nitrogen (%) was marginally leads by 120 DAS plant as compare to 90 DAS plant. The maximum amount of chlorophyll content was recorded in V1 (SSV 74) followed by V3 (CSV 24 SS) and V2 (SSV 84). While the variety V3 recorded maximum height as well as highest amount of nitrogen content followed by V1 and V2.

Rice is one of the most important cereal crop which can be infected by many diseases among which brown spot of rice is also important. In the present research paper three plant extracts Ginger (rhizome)-Chloroform, Clerodendrum (leaves)- Chloroform and Polyalthia (leaves)- Methanol were tested in rice under field condition and it has been observed that after 20 days of second spraying there was 40% reduction in disease severity was given by polyalthia which was more than the chemical pesticide.

The experiment was conducted during the summer season 2017-2018 at the research farm of the soil science, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, laid out in the randomized block design, consist of four treatments and three replications, it was observed that growth and yield parameters of green gram in treatment T4: 50% RDF+ 50% Bio-fertilizer.

Vivotoxin designates a secondary metabolite produced by the pathogen and/or its host during infection, produces disease symptoms, but is not oneself the initiating causal agent of the infection. Out of all, Fusaric-acid is the most studied pathogen produced wilt toxin classified as a non-specific vivotoxin. It does not produce all the symptoms of wilt. Many scientists all over the world including India were of the belief that, out of all other toxins involved in the infection process of wilting, fusaric acid was the most potent one. Infected tissue shows a marked increase in respiration process which is contrary to the host tissues doped with fusaric acid because it is a best-known respiratory depressant.

This experiment was conducted in Agronomy research lab of Lovely Professional University Phagwara (Punjab). The experiment carried out effect on different priming techniques as viz.T1 (Hydro priming for 12 hr.), T2 (Hydro priming for 24 hr.), T3 (osmo priming, 1 % KNO3, for 12 hr.), T4 (Osmo priming, 1 % KNO3, for 24 hr.), was used as a solvent solution was prepared. Seed of 100 grams was soaked in that solution for 12 hours and for 24 hours. T5 (halo priming 1 % CaCl2, for 12 hr.), T6 (halo priming 1 % CaCl2, for 24 hr.), T7 (Hormonal priming at 100 ppm for 12 hrs) and T8 (Hormonal priming at 150 ppm for 24 hr.) The significant different EC and amylase test in hormonal treatment T8 (G.A. at 150 ppm for 24 hr) on fresh seed was observed 0.326 and 5.24, respectively as compared to aged seeds of baby corn.

Maize is a tropical grass that gets well adapted to many climates and hence has wide-ranging maturities from 70 days to 120 days. Maize plants are erect and may grow as tall as 3m, with little tillering capacity. The scientific name of Maize is Zea Mays, also commonly known as Corn. The main aim of this research is to test the hypothesis that the impact of different dates of sowing on crop growth and yield of Maize. Best sowing dates provide favourable temperature to obtain maximum yield. Early and late sowing is done to grow the Maize crop of different varieties at 10 days interval. Early sown crop mature early than those sown later. Early sown crop reduced from the different types of injuries like drought and diseases other environmental factor like rainfall, temperature, humidity. Dose of fertilizers were used in all plots to enhance the yield and growth of Maize. On the behalf of this research work we conclude that the different dates of sowing like early sowing and late sowing give crop growth and yield of Maize.

Organic pollutants are finding their ways to human food chain via soil, water and environment. It is important to study their behavior. In this paper, different types of organic pollutants, their fate and remediation strategies have been discussed. The novel materials which can act as adsorbent of organic pollutants have been considered.

Nitrogen, phosphorous and potash are the most restricting nutrient in the soil and are commonly essential plant macro nutrients. They are the commonly additionally added input for production of crops. Three Major Cereals - Rice, Wheat and Maize are utilizing huge amount approximately 90% of total nitrogenous fertilizers used in cereals. Because of growing population and decreasing agricultural land area food security has become a serious global problem. External application of the fertilizers has improved the crop yield during the past 60 years there was adverse effects of this on the environment. Under use of the fertilizers, results in the less crop production simultaneously over use of nitrogenous fertilizers have several soil and environmental consequences. Therefore new solutions are required to increase the yields with reduced fertilization, by increasing the fertilizer use efficiency there by maintaining the Agricultural Sustainability. In this paper we are going to propose some techniques that enhance the fertilizer use efficiency (FUE).

This experiment was conducted on the cultivation of okra with varied treatments during a plot size of 150m2, that was assigned by Lovely Professional University at village maheru, Phagwara, Punjab. This study was undertaken with okra crop. It's a perennial crop that was mature to visualize the impact of straw and polyethylene sheet mulch on its growth and yield. Mulches always helpful to control weeds and making reduction in weed seed germination and helps to improves soil moisture conservation with maintaining soil temperature. The black polythene mulch provides good soil temperature to avoid seed germination where the seedlings are transplanted. With the use of polythene mulches there is organic mulches are also important to control the weeds and provide organic matter to soil. The soil fertility is increased by the straw mulch.

The GIS has been found to be an effective tool for delineating the groundwater potential zones. The several studies have been carried out for identification of groundwater potential zones. Nishtha (2009) identified groundwater potential zones and results shows that the area having ‘good’ groundwater potential is about 152.6 km2 which is about 44 per cent of the total study area. The southern and southwestern portion of the study area falls under moderate groundwater potential zone. It encompasses an area of 102 km2 which is 29.5 per cent of the total area. Singhal et al. (2010) delineated aquifers in the piedmont zone of Himalayan foothill region in Pathri Rao watershed and results shows that the the stage of groundwater development in the watershed is 164 per cent indicating critical over-exploitation of groundwater. Preeja et al. (2011) identified groundwater potential zones in Ithikkara River Basin (IRB), Kerala and results shows that the groundwater occurrence is controlled by geology, structures, slope and landforms. Ndatuwong and Yadav (2014) identified the groundwater potential zones in Vindhyan basin of central India and results shows that the integrated map of the area shows different zones of groundwater prospects, viz. very high (0.77% of the area), high (35.57% of the area), moderate (54.53% of the area), while poor and very poor are made up of 9.13% of the area.

Coriander is an important seed spice crop of this region grown for leaf as well as seed purpose. Cultivation of this crop suffers from major yield losses by stem gall disease. The disease symptoms appear in the form of small protuberance of stem and as hypertrophied seeds. Management of disease is important in view of its severity, yield losses and quality of seeds. The objective of present article is providing an overview about different germplasm screened, management strategies used with chemicals fungicide and bio-agents by many researchers for stem gall disease of coriander.

The recent Indian agricultural scenario has demonstrated that the inadequacy of fertilizers and their rising cost is a serious limitation for crop production. The difference between nutrient demand and supply is increasing gradually. Maintaining crop production and soil health at the same time is an important upcoming major challenge in agriculture. Due to the excessive use of synthetic means of farming i.e. inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc. human, soil and environmental health are being seriously affected. It has been witnessed a serious decline in the fertility of the soil which in turn is affecting the yield of the crops. Excessive and unsupervised usage of pesticides results in pest gradually getting immune to the pesticides. So organic farming is the only proper alternative to synthetic fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. It is strongly believed that organic farming can maintain increase crop production and boost soil quality, fertility and productivity by long-term manipulation of soil properties. This is due to the reason that upon decomposition, organic matter releases macro- and micronutrients into the soil solution, that becomes accessible to plants throughout the crop period, contributing to higher nutrient uptake and improving the soil properties.

The field experiment was conducted to study the “Agronomic modifications for wheat production in organic farming” on sandy loam soil, medium in organic carbon and low in available N and high in available P and K was conducted at Students’ Research Farm, Khalsa College, Amritsar during rabiseason of 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments, having different combinations of planting methods, legume intercropping and straw mulching i.e. T1 : Flat sown wheat, T2: bed planted wheat, T3: T2+ intercropping gram in centre, T4: T2+ intercropping lentil in centre, T5: Paired rows of wheat and gram on bed, T6: Paired rows of wheat and lentil on bed, T7: T5+ straw mulching and T8: T6+ straw mulching replicated four times. Maximum plant population (91.8 m2) plant height (88.9cm), Leaf area index (3.34), dry matter accumulation (90.2 qha-1),tillers count (273.8 m2), grain yield (35.1 qha-1 ), straw yield (52.1q ha-1) were recorded in bed planting, paired row of wheat and gram + straw mulch (T7) which was followed by bed planting, paired row of wheat and lentil+ straw mulch (T8) were significantly superior over sole wheat (T2,T1) and at par with paired rows of wheat with gram and lentil (T5,T6), wheat intercropped with gram and lentil (T3,T4) without straw mulch.

Medicinal plants are those plants which are used for medicinal purposes. Medicinal plants are come under herbalism (herbal medicine). From the ancient time herbal plants were used for medicinal purposes. India was rich in medicinal plants from prehistoric time. Different parts of plants are used for medicinal purposes. It has been observed that the contribution of USA in medicinal plants is just 25% whereas India contributes 80% of its share. Medicinal plants are used to treat skin problems, eye irritation, diarrhea, sleeplessness and nausea. The medicinal plants like tulsi, ginger, turmeric and aloe are used for curing several common ailments. Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients. It plays an important role in the life cycle of plant. Nitrogen is the main constituent of amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll. Nitrogen increases the vegetative growth of plants. It also increases the oil content present in the medicinal plants.

Correlation and path analysis studies conducted in thirty two germplasm of ridge gourd with the objective to know association among the characters viz.,node number to anthesis of first staminate flower,node number to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to anthesis of first staminate flower, days to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to first fruit harvest, average fruit length (cm), average fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g),total fruit yield/plant (kg) and vine length (m).

field survey was conducted in Nanauta block of Saharanpur district to evolution the feedingmanagement practices of dairy buffalo animal owners. The data was collected from randomly selected 10 villages from study area. Each village, randomly 05 dairy animal owners were also selected. In third stage, data was collected from 50 animal owners through personal interview with the help of pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire. The results showed that 86.00 per cent respondents were produced green fodder at own land,94.00 per cent fed chaffed fodder in ad libitum (86.00%). 76.00 per cent offered wheat straw, 92.00 per cent adopted stall feeding system in individual (86.00%). Most of the respondents offered commercial concentrate mixture (66.00%) with straw and green fodder in two times and respondents also offered extra dose of concentrates during pregnancy and early lactation. Respondents also offered clean and fresh drinking water by hand pump (72.00%) and submersible (22.00%). From, it can be assumed from the findings of the present study that buffalo owners adopted optimal feed management practices.

Social norms also restrict the amount of data to be obtained from women, both within farming groups and research organizations, thus reinforcing the notion that women are not farmers or producers.In the past, studies on feed resources have been performed, but little is known about gender roles and preferences in feeding technology, based on agricultural-animal husbandry.In order to deal with this lack in information, a study was carried out by 23 instruments of qualitative and quantitative methods in two districts of Bougouni and Koutiala in six villages of Mali.In each village 5 men and 5 women farmers were randomly selected for 12 joint and separate focus group discussions.Data were collected in Bougouni from July to August 2015, in Koutiala from December 2015 to January 2016.Method of triangulation between different tools and secondary sources were used for cross-checking of data.
Results indicated that the impression of both men and women was that men played a greater role in various crop and livestock activities (0-6 hours) during the dry season while there was more work in the rainy season (8 hours).In Koutiala, men (1.5 hours) spent fewer hours in dry season than women farmers (3-5.5 hours) while men spent more hours (8.75-10 hours) during rainy season than women farmers (7.5 hours).Feed technology depended on the type of animal kept by farmers from both men and women, and on local feed resources.In Bougouni men raised cattle, sheep’s while women kept chicken and goats and did not go for grazing while men most preferred feeding technology was grazing.The preferred way for women to feed small ruminants was stall feeding, while for poultry was free range. In Koutiala women and men in followed a practice of cutting dry fodder through hache a sickle like equipment. In both districts most men and women preferred brans that were made of maize and sorghum, followed by legume haulms such as cowpea and groundnut.Addressing gender preferences in Mali’s crop-livestock feeding technologies has considerable potential for growth in itself, as it is a key element in meeting the challenges of seasonality, quantity, quality of cropland feed resources and other income-generating activities such as livestock fattening.

There is a huge need of banks in the developing country of India. All the banks of India have been nationalized to make the working of banks more trust worthy and to win the trust of the people of country. The Govt. of India has made it easy buy giving control to Reserve Bank of India. Thus this paper investigates the influence of service provided by banks to the customers. This study was conducted in rural areas with 150 respondents using multiple correlation and regression stats applied to analyze the association between various variables in service quality provided by the nationalized banks. It was found that reliability and responsiveness are the most predictable variable and highly influence on customer satisfaction.

This review reports the major characteristics associated with titanium–dioxide nanoparticles for different methodology. Titanium dioxide has drawn attention worldwide for large scale manufacturing due to its properties along with nontoxic behavior for various applications. Titanium dioxide is considered as suitable for materials for pollution degradation and helps to promote the rate of photosynthesis. Structural properties were discussed with help of X-ray diffraction that helps to investigate physical characteristics. The estimated crystallite size found to be increase with increase in temperature. Morphological analysis was done with the help of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological behavior shows the formation of homogeneous spherical nanoparticles and agglomeration obtained for sample calcinated at higher temperature.

Comics are the Those thin books like Phantom, Archie or Spider-Man or Amar Chitra Katha volumes that one would read tucked inside textbooks in the back benches in class during some boring period. But the time has changed, now the is not for the entertainment only it also stablishes himself as Art-form and displayed in gallery. The recent development in comics is in grass wood level in social community/ non-fiction, guidebooks, journalistic work, academic research, poetry, and drama comics are doing them all, and inventing some new, undefined genres along the way too. The present study is to examine transformation and changing trends of comics which is relevant to the contemporary society, this study will also explore the potential of the medium, as an alternative medium in education and awareness of the common people who are marginalized by the mainstream media.

Rig-Veda, considered as one of the oldest treatises of human knowledge which was created during 4500 BC to 1600 BC. Natural products are the backbone, not only for a traditional system of medicine but also for the modern medicine, as the numbers of modern drugs are derived from the natural sources. The success of natural products in our society is overwhelming. Evidence of ancient medicinal systems in India has been traced back to the Indus valley civilization. Archeological evidence of Harappa and Mohanjodaro suggested the presence of a traditional medicinal system at that time. The use of herbal medicines is significantly growing in different parts of the globe in recent years. Herbal medicine has gained tremendous attention in the management of an assortment of chronic diseases like diabetes, chronic CNS disorders, and different types of cancer. This paper is an overview regarding the importance of herbal drugs along with the history and brief overview of the WHO strategy.

Tulsi ( Ocimum sanctum) member of family ( Lamiaceae) is the most significant medicinal plants mentioned in Ayurvedic creative writing for its medicinal and religious properties. The root, seeds, and leaves are majorly used due to its therapeutically properties. Tulsi, beside with other health profit is known to have antibiotic properties. Hence, “antiviral activity” of aqueous/ ethanol/ methanol and chloroform extract of powdered drugs was investigated against reasonably important viruses of “veterinary importance”, Single stranded RNA virus. As per Ayurvedic literatures tulsi is mentioned under Helminthiasis because it is an anti-microbial agent. The uses of this plant on a daily basis are a witness to Ayurvedic intelligence and provide an pattern of earliest information contribution solutions to present trouble. It have also be exposed to respond to metabolic-stress by homogenize of blood sugar, blood pressure, Cholesterol, and mental state through encouraging result on remembrance and perception act and by its anxio-lytic and edronax effect. This drug is a famous for house hold medication for many diseases such as injury, respiratory disorders, hepatic disease, viral infection, earache, back pain, hiccup, inflammation of the conjunctiva in newborns, stomach diseases, urinary disorders, seborrhea disease, a variety of toxicity and mental stress. In the present studies literature review is mentioned along with its Morphology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacognoctiscal studies and various pharmacological activities and mainly anti-viral activity.

Hepatotoxicity is an emerging medical problem. It has multiple etiological factors but most common reason is chronic treatment with certain drugs during the cure of numerous life threatening diseases. Antitubercular drugs are the leading cause of injury or damage to liver. So this is a challenging task to prevent the drug induced hepatotoxicity during tuberculosis treatment. Generally it results into interruption of treatment and cause re-emergence of this disease. This review article highlights the different mechanisms of anti-tubercular drug induced hepatotoxicity, its incidence and clinical management.

There are 5 to 10 percent females who develop hypertension during pregnancy which can adversely affect both mother and the fetus. The objective of treating the mother is that to prevent both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in mother associated with high blood pressure without adversely affecting the health of the fetus. Depending upon the condition of the patient both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions play an important role in managing hypertension during pregnancy. The treatment of hypertension during pregnancy should be individualized depending upon the condition of the patient. While instituting pharmacological therapy due consideration should be given to the benefit to risk ratio. This present review focus on management of hypertension during pregnancy.

Nanoparticles are the substances which fall under the nano-range and are so small that they can easily circulate in the body. There are various types of nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, fullerenes, virosomes, metallic nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, spinel ferrite nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, Out of all the other nanoparticles gold nanoparticles are one of the particles which are highly utilized in the research work because of their non toxic and compatible nature with the human body. They are also made in such a way that it can be used as a delivery system by loading the drugs into it and can then cross various membranes and barriers to deliver the drug at the right site and also, they can be used in various diagnostic and imaging process for tumors. Depending on the use gold nanoparticles comes in various shape like that of cage, shell, rod, sphere, all of these have separate manufacturing process which could be chemical as well as organic in nature. There are mainly two approaches which are followed for manufacturing of the gold nanoparticles top down and bottom up approach. Their characterization is done using techniques of UV spectrophotometer, X-ray Diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Surfaced Enhanced Microscopy. They find their application in use against vectors, in cardiovascular disease, in catalytic application, in hepatoprotective application, application as an anti-oxidant, in the treatment of skin cancer, in the diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.

Human beings have been using the herbal and allopathic systems of medicine since over a long time to cure, treat, diagnose and prevent diseases and ailments. In fact, herbal treatment is the oldest, traditional and cheapest medicine system that is more accessible to low income and local people. Therefore, the medicinal system has always been a supporter for people to treat and get over the problems related to health which are minor or major. Unlike, the ayurvedic medicinal system, allopathic method is more scientifically proven and developed, and more regulated. Each of the two systems has its own strengths and weaknesses. They are used to treat different ailments and at different levels and rates. Depending upon which people prefer and use one either one of the methods or combination both of the methods more than the other. This work reviews and comparatively analyzes the herbal and allopathic treatments to cure the problems in health care. It suggests the adoption of the concept of integrative medication and health care that connects mainstream allopathic medical treatment and herbal therapies and select the best, scientifically validated therapies out of the systems. Scrupulous scientific methods and clinical trials should be used to certify the quality, safety, efficacy and batch-to-batch consistency of natural medicinal products. The world should work to ensure access to affordable qualitative and safe medicines and health care.

Corona virus (CoV) are a big family of viruses (single stranded RNA infection) that cause ill reaching from the common colds to more severe disease, for case, (MERS-CoV) “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome” and (SARS-CoV)“Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”. Coronaviruses disease (COVID-19) is one more strain that be located originates in 2019 and has not stood of late illustrious in individuals. Corona virus be situated zoonotic, which means they are transmitted among animal and people. Seven Coronaviruses are recognized to origin human sickness. Four are mild: virus HKU1, 229E, OC43, NL63 and OC43. Three have caused serious diseases / outbreaks in people. SARS emerged from China in 2002 it cleared over the globe to a great extent through air travel causing lethal sickness. In excess of 8,000 individuals became sick and 774 died. The diseases vanished in 2004 likely because of isolation and quarantine measure and no instances of SARS have been accounted for since. These primary cytopathic changes spread through the cell monolayers, leading to cell disinterestedness within 24 to 48 h. SARS-CoV has a complex level of strength in the earth than other known human corona viruses. It can get by for at any rate 2 to 3 days on dry superficial at room temperature and 2 to 4 day in stool.

Neurological disorders exhibit its impact on global health. The term neurological disorders mean any condition that occurs due to dysfunction in nervous system or brain as a result shows plethora of symptoms such as sensation loss, pain, muscle weakness, etc. Utilization of synthetic drugs to treat neurological disorder is quite challenging as it has some drawbacks like not cost effective, unavoidable and serious side effects as well as less patient compliance. Therefore, phytomedicines has been preferred as an alternative treatment of neurological disorders due to its variety of merits like cheap, exert negligible side effects, etc. Herbs can be prescribed as a single entity or mixture of different plants against such disorders. This review describes the phytomedicines used to treat CNS specific pharmacologic effects (like anxiolytic, anti-convulsant, analgesic, etc.), ranging from entire plant, bark, flowers, roots, fruit, stem and seeds.

Millions of people in the world are suffering from neurological disorders such as Parkinson's, strokes, Alzheimer's, anxiety, Parkinson's and so on. Presently around 1 million people suffer from this disease in the united state. It influences around 1-2% adults with the age of 65 and 4% adults with the age of 80. Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that is marked by the damage of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of alpha-synuclein. It shows the motor and nonmotor symptoms like tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, hyposmia, pain, depression, tiredness, orthostatic hypotension and so on. probiotics are living microorganisms that prevent neurological disorders by altering the gut microbiota in the small intestine. Probiotics used in the treatments of Parkinson's disease which balances the gut microbiomes. Clinical and preclinical data shows the beneficial role of probiotics in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

Objective:The motive of the currentworkwas to Preparation and Characterization of Immediate Release film coated tablets Valsartan -Hydrochlorothiazide (160/12.5mg) to reduce the multiple dosing and to achieve more effective reduction of hypertension.
Background: The oral route is the very effective and favoured method for the introduction of medications to systemic circulation because of ease of diagnosis, patient compliance and flexibility.
Materials and Methods: Valsartan - Hydrochlorothiazide tablet tends to film coated to prevent the drug from degradation. Preliminary studies were performed out with the excipients and the drug and their physical & chemical compatibilities were checked and the drugs and they found compatible.The method of preparation was the wet granulation method.
Results:A maximum of nine formulation batches (f1-f9) have been prepared.Prepared formulations have also been tested for weight variance, friability, disintegration, analysis, in vitro drug release profile.The criteria tested are contained within the guidelines.The parameters tested were found within the limits. Among all formulations, the product of batch f9 has acceptable friability, assay and dissolution profile. It was further exposed to an advanced stability test at 40±20C/75±5 per cent RH.

Sikhism is the most energetic and logical religion existing on the earth. The authentic background of this religion is, as a general rule, the account of fight for Humanism. During the period of Sikh Gurus, Humanism was alarmingly crushed by tyrannical Muslim rulers. The whole community was being debilitated and embarrassed to follow and accept Islam. The founder of Sikhism Guru Nanak, struggled for the preservation of Human Privileges and was against communal hatred, unevenness, strict restriction, mishandling of women and humiliation of human characteristics. The strict, administrative circumstances dominating in those occasions were an incredible attack on Human Privileges. The existing community was ended up being adolescent, fanatic and antagonistic. Mankind was being crushed and there was not any end to it. Unevenness, injustice, trickiness, confusion and abuse were obscenities which broke down the reason of society. In such a horrendous, unforgiving and awful condition it was difficult to think of the rights of human. Guru Nanak expected to reveal the entire community the method for recovery and stimulate them against any type of physical and social harassment and mistreatment.

This paper deals with the comparison of two cuisines with different nutritive value aspects of two countries. The analyses of this paper comprise the both countries have different culture, tradition and food culture along with their nutrient content. The French cuisine is one of the most ancient and well known cuisines of world wide. On the other side Indian cuisine is one of the world‘s most diversified cuisine. In the French cuisine people focus on the strict diet with full of nutritive value while Indian food full of spices and herbs based. The food intake by the various infants either adults or elders in the both countries studied in this paper and their eating habits. Both the countries have different geographical locations in terms of their living standards, cost of living, geographical location and celebration of various fairs and festivals. In Indian cuisine focused on basic ingredients lentil, vegetables, milk, paneer, ghee, curd and various gravies. French cuisine is most versatile which includes the basic ingredients saffron, mushroom, lamb, wheat, chicory, beef and pate’s. This paper would present a new dimension to the cuisines in both the places with different cultures, values and backgrounds along with geographical locations.

Tourism industry in the light of sustainability tourism development can play an important role towards environment protection and its surroundings. So, it is an utmost and foremost responsibility of the stakeholders to take care of the pristine environment through the adoption of sustainable tourism practices in their daily business. This study has taken only one important form of tourism which does not only provides livelihood to the local community but also protects the environment from getting depleted and tries to explore the promotional strategies for its promotion i.e, HBT. Considering the need of the objectives, the study has adopted the qualitative method in order to explore about HBT, with the data collection through the in-depth interviews, as very least information with regard to HBT was found in the literature. In this study almost ten local horse riders, whose livelihood is on horse tourism were contacted and their in-depth interviews were conducted. The collected data was analyzed after applying the coding method of grounded theory method for conceptualizing the definition of HBT. The study concluded with the conceptualization of the horse based tourism as a very dynamic type of tourism having tremendous employment generation for the local community in the context of alpine destinations of Indiaand also the promotional strategies are discussed in this study.

In recent years, the Institute for Hotel Management has seen considerable development. Increasingly, students at national level or at various Universities or private institutes incline to join / pursue this path. The success of the course is attributed to multiple work opportunity considerations such as employment prospects, a range of channels, success of a number of television shows, culinary abilities dependent on parents, qualifying requirements and business plans, enthusiasm & desire etc.The research would analyze whether the purpose of this training course remains the same during the course span throughout the first year of college, or if there are external variables that may alter their understanding of the programs over time. The primary data were collected by a questionnaire of five prominent hotel management institutes affiliated to the University of Pune and graphically displayed to insure that the secondary data were clearly interpreted, whereas literacy reviews of various research papers, posts, and books were collected.

Tourism has been crucial to social progress as well as an important tool throughout human history to extend socio-economic and cultural interaction. This encourages international connections, markets expanding, broad-based jobs and income production, as a source and effect of economic growth. The tourist sector is a major contributor to many nations 'gross national products. This is among the world's fastest-growing sectors. Today, a commonly known trend is the promotion of vacation attractions and the travel infrastructure. Investment in tourist infrastructure boosts economic development, catalyses income and job generation, which in turn contributes to more development in tourism demand, which induces a corresponding investment cycle within a virtuous ring.Expenditure on tourism produces numerous impacts in the value chain, with robust outreach. In addition to the need for a range of goods and services, tourism also provides opportunities for the relevant industries.The Tourism Growth Policy itself can be an instrument for positive economic and social change.Tourism supports social harmony and connection with the group. It encourages the restoration and conservation by adding importance to history, heritage, climate, atmosphere and ecology.In this paper various consideration points of touring have been mentioned. The analyses find few dimensions of service efficiency in Uttar Pradesh's Tourism Industry.

In this work waste obtained after extraction of juice from oranges has been evaluated to be used as an adsorbent for removal of textile dye Congo Red. The waste was processed and dried for use. The effect of contact time, pH, and initial concentration of dye was evaluated. Adsorption isotherms were prepared and analyzed to understand mechanism of adsorption. Dye removal was found to decrease with increasing pH. Percent dye removal was found to go down with increase in initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms and their analyses revealed that it follows Langmuir pattern.

Optical microscopy is an advanced method in modern healthcare. While advances in optical microscopy allow doctors to visualize biomedical applications in unprecedented detail, the analysis of these images remains subjective, important to inter- and intra-observer discrepancy. In spite of this, conventional microscopy images capture only qualitative information which makes it difficult to automate the process, decreasing the throughput achievable in the diagnostic workflow. Nowadays, Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) modalities have been advanced to overcome these two challenges. By quantifying physical parameters of biomedical applications, these techniques remove subjectivity from the disease diagnosis process and allow for easier automation to increase throughput. We focus on the areas of biomedical applications, where most significant advances have been made to date.

The oral cavity being the centre of array of organisms, endorses the establishment of diverse microbial associations like on the mucosa and teeth. Metabolism of these living beings encourages the attachment and development of the ensuing colonisers. A fragile adjust is kept up within the microbial ecosystem, with these life form conferring to normal growth and defences. Nevertheless, any change or disturbance within the microbial outline by reason of either outward or inborn components results unfavourable shift towards pathogenic organisms provoking numerous diseases such as dental caries or periodontitis. Moreover, current exposures also reveal that these microbes induce systemic illnesses such as diabetes or artherosclerosis. This article is an endeavour to confer an overview of the changed flora ailing states.

Eating disorders – anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are one of the multi factorial disorders which are affected by genetic, neural, social and psychological factors. These factors themselves don’t have independent existence and found to interfere with each other in order for the development of disorder. In this review, causes of eating disorders is been mentioned. Both of the major disorders also don’t have independent nature and are connected to each other. It acts like a cycle of symptoms where one symptom brings to the other kind of disorder. These disorders are not something new and dates long back to history. Importantly, recent times have created a keen interest among biologists and scientist to know genetic basis of these disorders where the information enrichment is also going on by hormonal and neural changes which are slowly and slowly accessed. Certain hormones such as leptin, adiponectin found to be affected in the case of disorder. Societal and familial aspects are also reviewed which is of obvious importance. This review is important for Biology, Psychology and Sociology point of view.

Porins are a class of outer membrane proteins which are harboured inside the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. They are diffusion channels that are involved in transport of solutes across the outer membrane. However, their role in survival of the pathogens has been well emphasized in several reviews. Among various advantages that they confer upon the bacterium that harbours them, an important survival strategy is to induce cell death of the target host cells. They use multiple cell death mechanisms reflecting on the flexibility and evolution of their characteristics pertaining to spread of infection inside the host. In this chapter, we intend to discuss the basics of programmed cell death followed by a comprehensive account of different strategies used by porins form multiple pathogens to induce death of the infected cells.

Nowadays people mainly abuse designer drugs, which are harmful to them. These drugs are prepared in clandestine laboratory and are sold in market. The person wilfully started taking these designer drugs due to any reason and then gets addicted to them, when they didn’t get the desired dose withdrawal symptoms start to appear which include shakiness, vomiting, muscle pain and etc. During initial stages when a person started taking drug he/she feel happy joy full but later on they get addicted towards that drug and after sometime they increase the dose as depends on drug tolerance. People without knowing the harmful effects of the drug they started taking because they only know that they will get desired effect when they will take that drug. The drug abuser doesn’t know how that drug will affect him/her in future. This paper will focus on various designer drugs, their effects and metabolism including their legal status.

Immense advancement in technology has enabled an easy speech & speaker recognition and signal processing. This review discusses the formation of speech, various mechanism and techniques used in identifying, extracting and deciphering the speech signals and its processing. The rapid pace of the field demands active efforts to ensure that this breakthrough technology is used responsibly for effective signal recognition and processing.
This technology has a major importance in Forensics as it assists in investigation process,
by this they can repair, enhance, and analyse audio recordings using a variety of scientific tools and techniques.

Food preservation has always been a concern for the secured quality of the food products. Of suggested many antimicrobial agents reported, the chitosan blend with bacteriocin based food packaging formulation for the preservation purpose solely depends upon the synergistic effect of both the molecules. The durability, resistance to the foodborne pathogens, external environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and changes in chemical properties makes chitosan more effective packaging material for the preservation of the food. The papaya preservation at room and refrigerated temperature showed that the preservation at refrigerated conditions showed more effectiveness. The chitosan and nisin based film showed no or less moisture content, water-solubility, no difference in antioxidant properties of the papaya fruit and was able to inhibit the microbial load due to its combine antimicrobial properties.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent bioactive compound, which has immense market demand due to its important physiological functions and positive health effects which aid in treatment or prevention of many diseases. The main physiological effects of GABA include neuronal modulation to improve nervous system disorders, regulation of anxiety, sleeplessness, mood disorders, protection against hypertension, diabetes, nephrotoxicity and cancer. It is most commonly produced via decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamic acid decarboxylase and this pathway is operational ubiquitously in plants, microbes and humans. However, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have emerged as the efficient clade for GABA production and is most widely used for producing GABA-enriched products by fermentation. The present review addresses the importance of GABA as a therapeutic target as well as nutraceutical for providing various health benefits. The aspects related to its production by microbial fermentation have been elaborately discussed. Further, its newly emerged role as C4-platform chemical for production of bioplastics has been encompassed in its novel applications.

Synthetic food colorant and bioactive chemicals are now jeopardizing buyer’s health safety due to their unwanted side effects. However, global demand for such chemicals are still in rising condition. Canthaxanthin is a naturally occurring keto-carotenoid which has a significant application in poultry industry, fishery science or aqua farming, cosmetics and nutraceuticals industries owing to its attractive colour and strong antioxidant property. Canthaxanthin also has certain involvements with antitumor activity and cancer, lipid metabolism, immune-modulatory activities etc. Animals generally acquire this pigment via their diet establishing the use of canthaxanthin as a feed supplement (especially poultry and fishery industry). In certain cases, other pigments and chemicals are used along with canthaxanthin to increase its stability and activity. Newly explored microbial sources for canthaxanthin from all over the globe, trying to retrieve its industrial hold over the chemical synthesis. Its production by unicellular microbes needs new comprehensive researches to ensure customers attention along with market demand from industrial sectors.

In this research paper, the researcher wants to examine the artistic portraiture visual language in Early Indian Graphic Arts, which were less documented in earlier medieval Period. The investigator, being a teacher is associated with the printmaking and graphic arts, is aware of circumstances in which artists of successive periods have struggled for the sociological and formal problems in innovation and print portrait making. This Research Paper is a survey of the history of manual intaglio, copper engravings, brass engravings, relief, metal engravings, other printing processes and trends of engraving, etching and plate printing techniques in India. For his exploration he is using the expertise of William Daniel and other innovators in the history of Indian Printmaking. The main objective is to present a concise history of printmaking from medieval period up to 1798. when the Britishers were almost in control over our sovereignty. modern, as well as a comprehensive overview of developments in the material aspects of intaglio and other printmaking from its origin. In the early 15th century Both innovations were observed in the light of the continuity between the intaglio printing method, i.e. its materials and methods of production in relation to its' form. The endeavours become apparent, and significantly, the journey from the earliest printed documents without visuals to documents with printed designs and images. The researcher is of the view that printmakers continue to embrace with enthusiasm, new developments in technology, new materials, new processes and new means of communication.

In this research paper, the researcher wants to examine the artistic visual language of Indian terracotta Arts, which were conceptualized from Indus to contemporary. The investigator being associated with a concise history of sculpture or terracotta arts, is aware of circumstances in which artists of successive generations have struggled for the sociological and formal problems in innovation and terracotta art making. The main objective research paper is to present a concise history of Prehistoric to present contemporary times terracotta arts in India from different sates, as well as a comprehensive overview of developments in the material aspects of pottery and other terracotta from its origins in the early first century to the present. Terracotta the oldest medium and the most friendly medium form the time of Indus valley to the other states of India. this will help in introducing terracotta of different states in India, artists and craftsman has created wonder from clay in the form of toys, architecture, jewelry. Both traditional and contemporary innovations were observed in the light of the continuity between the terracotta method, i.e. its materials and methods of production in relation to its' form. In accordance with this study

Indian art history has given the Indian subcontinent a rich storage of traditional painting from pre-history to present time. The painting style varies from region to region, even from time to time. There is a living tradition in Bihar's art field called Madhubani painting that sheds light on the social system as well as on Bihar's cultural identity, and painting styles have changed from generation to generation. India has always been recognized as the land which through its modern arts and crafts portrayed cultural and traditional vibrancy. The 35 nation-wide states and union territories have their own distinct cultural and social cultures and are expressed there by different types of art. Every area in India possesses its own style and art pattern, Referred to Since folk art. India's folk and tribal arts are both Multicultural and very racial basic but colorful and to speak rich volumes patrimony of the country. Owing to its conventional sense of beauty and authenticity, across the foreign market, folk art in India clearly has great potential. Rural Indian folk paintings display unique, vivid designs rendered with supernatural and religious motifs. Folk art stands for tribal heritage By introducing the rising cultural values and the esthetics. It includes assortment objects of use decoration including clothes, wood, paper, clay, metal, etc. Common to international tourists due to their anthropology. By introducing the rising cultural values and the esthetics. It includes a variety common with international tourists due to their Anthropology. And its elegance modern. Some of the most famous folk paintings in India include Bihar's Madhubani, Odisha's Patachitra, Rajasthan's Phad, and Andhra Pradesh's Kalamkari,
Pichhvai Rajasthan paintings, Maharashtra Warli paintings, Andhra Pradesh Nirmal paintings, Uttarakhand Gujarat Aipan paintings of by Pithora, Madhya Pradesh paintings by Gond and Mandana, Calcutta paintings by Kalighat and many other types. Several of those folk tribal paintings will be discussed below

Today, people have become more aware as such that they know about every single social activity. people have understood What is the importance of keeping or preserving their history. whatever humans are today, and whatever they know about their self, their ancestors their culture, there Civilization, all because they know their history and this all credit goes to those institutions that maintain or preserve this history. So it is very important that every individual along with the government to encourage and look after to these institutions more. People can visit to the museum and can find out how their ancestors used to work for their livelihood how they practice them pray and by seeing or observing all these beautiful paintings and sculptures and other artworks human got to know that how intelligent the early man or their ancestors are so the researcher thinks that the human being should be grateful to all the artist of history because of which they are able to know about their rich heritage or about themselves.

The sports columns in newspapers have become extremely popular. There is probably more universal reader interest in the sports pages, than in any of the other parts of the newspapers. Sports throughout the world have assumed an importance beyond the recreational aspect. As a result readers are demanding more & more reading matter on sports events that’s why newspapers creating a major role in the propagation & promotion of sports therefore this study is helpful to find out space devoted to a particular sport and the importance given to National and International sports. This study primarily builds on the quantitative content analysis of selected mainstream dailies of Jaipur to track down the trends in coverage of sports in Indian main stream print media and bring out the comparative analysis between them.

Animation has become the new creative advertising trend in today’s times. As a character-based business, animation can expand the design of advertisement by applying digital content to different media, such as the Internet, mobile phone technology, and television. Animation has become an important design tool in recent graphic interfaces because they motivate consumer actions and draw viewers’ attention to specific product features. The aim of this paper is to find out whether the students are able to construct the meaning and idea from the Vodafone animated TV commercials as intended or not and also is there any significant difference in the level of understanding of the students with respect to their exposure to media literacy.

The potpourri of Indian culture is deciphered by identifying certain popular visual elements that are a part of our everyday experiences. These elements define our perception and comprehension of that which is ubiquitously Indian. There is an assortment of factors that influences their evolution whilst preserving their indigenous essence. Changing visual technology is one such prominent factor that has defined and redefined cultural value systems in India. This paper essentially deals with how certain cultural ideas in India have been visually transformed through influence of global interventions, while retaining their core essence with change in technology. Phenomenological analysis based on the Gestalt theory of perception has been adopted to decipher the meaning of visuals. Random sampling of popular contemporary visuals which exuberate cultural values or practices have been compared with images from past that are engraved in the collective memory of people. This paper is an attempt to introduce a methodology on how the chosen historical segregations of visuals can be compared to contemporary visual art forms; and interpretations can be done for further investigation of meanings in art, culture and society for future generations of artists, academicians &practitioners.

Community Economic Development (C.E.D.). Has taken the contours of a recognised form of economical growth of every country though their approach may indicate diverse policies, applications and different strategies to fulfil them. In fact, a general trend is noticed that large section of the public can participate in various processes to develop and institutionalise the changes caused by various factors. This is deliberately undertaken for the success of the CED. Art, as it is creative machinery of the community one must look at the skilled output having aesthetic sense as the Visual, acoustic and literary dimensions reflect intellectual faculty as well as general cultural scenario of the corresponding society. Artist, irrespective of his/ her medium select elements developed, practiced and institutionalised by their community members. It is the serious endeavour of these researchers to select certain visual artists and their important creations to see how they have transmitted their thoughts and experiences as a participant and a catalyst to bring a social change and as an indicator to showcase a discernible community transformation brought by economical development.

The present study applies uses & gratification theory to assess motivations of people in J&K towards Internet access, their attitudes and opinions on the longest ever Internet blackout for more than 120 days in Jammu & Kashmir. Routine life of almost everyone was affected in some ways or the other. In the 21st Century when access to Internet is recognized globally as a basic human right, this basic right was denied to the people of J&K not just once but several times. Since 2012, almost 180 shutdowns were reported in J&K. Since life at present revolves around the Internet undoubtedly and when that plug is pulled-off several times, it ruptures the social balance from the view of social determinism. Technology that drives the development of society, its social structure and cultural values is the new norm in the 21st Century. The study thus aims to find specific uses of Internet by people in J&K, study their perception and opinions towards “missing” the Internet. The paper thus uses “What Missing the Newspaper Means” as a model to study what missing the Internet means to the people of J&K. Uses and gratifications approach is applied to explain the shifting focus of media from the purposes of communicator to the purposes of the receiver with the help of a survey. The study found that there is significant difference between gender and use of internet for process needs (purposeful navigation) as well as there is a significant difference between gender and loss experienced in the Internet’s absence.

2019 Election was called by many voters as the election on image. In a changing trend of political voting behaviour, how an image of a candidate affects the voting preference of a candidate today is the study in this chapter. Candidate’s image is the precursor for the change of voting behaviour and casting votes. Day by day the change is seen due to the extremely standardised and smoothly localised strategies of political marketing. The strong political image attracts the various voters segments in political preferences and decision making. The study dives into the sea of political preference to find out the latest types of preference that which shapes a political candidate's image. The implication of the post electoral information and orientation helps to decide and deal with political context of the state.

The researchers validated the intrinsic motivation sub-scale of the Academic Motivation Scale AMS-28 college version developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) in the Indian context. 282 IInd year engineering students (50 girls and 220 boys) belonging from Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab and Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, were the sample subjects of the study. The three dimensions of academic intrinsic motivation, namely, Intrinsic motivation to know, intrinsic motivation towards accomplishments and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation, showed acceptable internal consistency reliability, with their Cronbach’s alpha being 0.648, 0.641 and 0.691 respectively. The ordinal alpha and ordinal omega estimates of the sub-scales were 0.65, 0.66, 0.72 and 0.67, 0.7, 0.76 respectively using the Psych function of R software. The goodness of fit of the model was tested using SPSS AMOS Ver. 23 and the estimands like CMIN/DF, TLI, CFI and RMSEA had their estimates satisfying the benchmarks values except RMR. The results indicated good psychometrics of the academic intrinsic motivation sub-scale of AMS-28 in the Indian context

The primary aim of this study is the contextualized validation of the “Social Support Scale” of Caplan, et.al.(1980) that it can administered to the secondary school teachers in India. Questionnaire’s psychometric properties were analysed with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the version 23.0 of SPSS Statistics software. The sample of the consists of 309 secondary school teachers from various government and private secondary schools in the districts of Jalandhar and Kapurthala in the state of Punjab, India. Out of these 173 were retained after the EFA and CFA and the other 136 were dropped due to split loading and non-clarity in values. The instrument used was a seven point Likert scale with twelve items measuring three dimensions: i.e. the support that the teachers receive from their supervisors, co-workers, and family. The total variance explained is 84.677 which is much higher than the required 40. Thus it is very good. Weak reliability values forced the researcher to remove one each item from each of the three dimensions. CFA with the assistance from the version 23.0 of the SPSS AMOS software validated the factor structure of SSS. Scale’s inner consistency analysis confirmed the reliability. The alpha value of the first dimension is .905, .875 for the second dimension and the third dimension has .903. It is found to be very good. The new contextually validated three-dimensional SSS with nine items has the necessary psychometrics that it can, suitably, be administered to the secondary school teachers in India.

In the modern world for heads of institutions to effectively and efficiently progress in their daily duties, they need to active in the way they use the social media as well well as being semiconscious in the way they use the social media. This descriptive research was conducted to explore factors and challenges promoting and affecting use of social media by Headteachers and their level of enjoyment in usage of social media in schools of Malawi. In this survey, qualitative and quantitative study methods were used to collect relevant and detailed data. Simple random sampling was used to select 61 headteachers. A self-constructed questionnaire, 5 point Likert scale and interview questions were used to study the attitude of headteachers towards usage of social media in secondary schools. Mean differences, standard deviations and t-test are used for data analysis. The results concluded that principals have positive attitude towards use of technology in schools. Findings revealed that; need to search for new information and resources, conforming to the global village, availability of ICT equipment and need for easy communication are some of the factors promoting principals need use of technology in schools; interrupted power supply/ failure, lack of expertise-knowledge and skills including lack of equipment are some of the challenges faced in secondary schools when integrating technology and that headteachers enjoy using technology in schools. 98.36% of principals enjoy using technology which is significantly very high.

The aim of this research is to analyse the influence of re-admission policy on education of teenage mothers in Secondary Schools in Malawi. The objective that guided the study were: to determine the material support given to teenage mothers after re-admission, to understand the knowledge and role of teachers on the re-admission policy and its implementation, to find how well teen mothers know about the re-admission policy and the impact of re-admission policy on education of teen mothers. The findings indicate that some head teachers play a role by inviting back girls who dropped out of school because of pregnancy. Most of the teachers know about the readmission policy but has never read it, or know the process of readmission. Most teenage mothers knew about the readmission policy before getting pregnant, either through the radios of friends. There is lack of provision of material support in the policy which is a challenge for the girls who have gone back to school hence leading to drop out. The study used qualitative technique, and face to face interviews were used and audio recorded, which was later transcribed. The study recommends that there is need of material support for the teen mothers’ education and the life of their child. And also, teachers need to be trained on the re admission policy and how to treat the teen mothers in schools.

In the present research paper, an attempt has been made to explore the perception of pupil teachers, who studied in education colleges of Himachal, Haryana and Punjab, towards context of two-year B. Ed. programme. Descriptive survey method was used to conduct the study. A sample of 1436 pupil teachers was drawn from government, grant-in-aid and self-financed colleges of education from Himachal, Haryana and Punjab State of India through convenience sampling technique. A self prepared scale measuring perception of pupil teachers towards context of two-year B. Ed. programme was used by the investigator to collect the responses of the selected sample. Percentage and one-way ANOVA were used for the analysis of collected data. Results of the study concluded that majority of pupil teachers perceived positively the context of two-year B. Ed. programme; and majority of pupil teachers of government, grant-in-aid and self-financed colleges of education as well as Himachal, Haryana and Punjab have positive perception towards context of two year B. Ed. programme; type of institution has a significant influence on the perception of pupil teachers whereas state did not play a significant role in making the perception of pupil teachers towards the context of two-year B. Ed. programme.

In the present research paper, an attempt has been made to explore the perception of pupil teachers, who studied in government; grant-in-aid; and self-financed college of education of Jalandhar City in Punjab, towards context of two-year B. Ed. programme. The method used to conduct the study was descriptive in nature. A total of 173 pupil teachers were drawn from one government (63), one grant-in-aid (57) and one self-financed (53) colleges of education situated in Jalandhar City of Punjab through convenience sampling technique. A self prepared scale measuring perception of pupil teachers towards context of two-year B. Ed. programme was used by the investigator to collect the responses of the selected sample. Percentage and one-way ANOVA were used for the analysis of collected data. Results of the study concluded that ninety percent of pupil teachers of selected sample perceived positively the context of two-year B. Ed. programme; most of the pupil teachers studied in government, grant-in-aid and self-financed colleges of education perceived positively the context of two-year B. Ed. programme; and type of institution has a significant contribution on the perception of pupil teachers towards the context of two-year B. Ed. programme.

Peer victimization is defined as intentional act of harming, hurting and humiliating other children for fulfilling personal satisfaction. This practice is mostly common in schools and at work place, making it necessary to investigate the factors that may enhance the consequences of peer victimization. Children’s with learning disabilities are at a greater risk of being victimized by their peers at school. The prominent purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of their peer victimization experience and the role of family support in combating the victimization by peer. The sample of current study is composed of 40 learning disabled children of 19 males and 21 females from five English medium school of North Lucknow district. The findings show that children with learning disability are more prone to victimization by their peers. Furthermore, moderate degree of negative correlation was found between peer victimization with family support, which reflects that if the victimized students received support from the family, then the student is able to combat with the peer victimization. In addition, the study also found out that gender do not difference on peer victimization. This means that both males and females face equal level of peer victimization.

After the completion of high school the major task among the students is to choose their career and education for future (Noeth, Engen, &Noeth, 1984). Researchers presumed that it is very easy task for the gifted students to decide their career but it does not link with their talent and intelligence they also suffer from the problem of choosing their career. The high expectations of the gifted students make it difficult for them to choose their future education. Thus, it is viewed that the parents of the gifted students helps them to choose their future career and education. Majority of the gifted students choose the career to fulfill their parent’s dream, these students want to make their parents proud and happy so they choose their career as per the choice of their parents (Raji and Devi, 2018). Keeping this in view current study will investigate the parental support as predictor of career decision making among gifted students. The study included 103 meritorious school students (42 boys and 61 girls). Career decision making was measured by using Career Decision Making Inventory by Singh (1999) and for measuring parental support Career-Related Parental Support Scale by Alphonse (2016) was employed. Results revealed that career decision making of gifted students and parental support are positively related with each other. Parental support individually contributes towards predicting career decision making of gifted students.

This study examines the relationship between academic stress and adolescent self-concept by investigating the mediating role of PFC strategies and the moderating role of democratic parenting styles in influencing the mediation. Sample of 1070 adolescents completed questionnaires regarding academic stress, coping strategies, parenting styles and self-concept. After nullifying the effect of gender, it was found that academic stress was negatively related to self-concept. Moreover, PFC strategies partially mediated the relation of academic stress to self-concept. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed that PFC strategies mediated the effect of academic stress on self-concept at different levels of perceived democratic parenting style. There was conditional direct and indirect between academic stress and self concept of adolescent students

The study on organizational climate, academic optimism and professional commitment was done with consideration to different dimension under each variable. Organizational climate consists of 4 dimensions, academic optimism 3 dimensions and professional commitment does have 5 dimensions. The study was to find out the impact of dependent variables such as organizational climate and academic optimism on professional commitment. To measure the organizational climate and academic optimism the researcher used the tool that was set by Wayne K. Hoy et.al. (2010) consisting of 30 items of (OC) and 9 items of (TAO-S), and the tools to measure professional commitment constructed by Sarbjit Kaur Ranu, Ravinder Kaur, and Sarvjeet Kaur Brar (201) consisting of 45 items. The sample consists of 308 teachers with equal numbers of male and female teachers working in two district of Bhutan. Researcher used convenient sampling technique to collect the data for this quantitative research. To make the research worthy and relevant coefficient correlation and regression statistical techniques were used. The result shows the significant differences among academic optimism and professional commitment with all the dimensions. Comparing academic optimism and organizational climate also does show the significant differences among its dimension. Among professional commitment and organizational climate does show the existing of significant relationship. The data generated by the regression found out the significant impact of academic optimism and organizational climate on professional commitment which is explained at 50.8% variance.

This paper presents the thematic analysis of around 40 Instructional Design Models (ID Models) including learning theories, instructional events and principles which has influenced the Instructional Designing (ID) process during the time period of 1930s to 2019. The primary purpose of reviewing instructional design modals is to establish that with the passage of time, many new models emerged by dwelling on the strengths and weaknesses of previous models. Reflexive thematic analysis of identified models was conducted to trace the framework and themes of their development. The theme based review analysis was organized in chronological manner. In addition to this, such continuum of analysis helps in finding the research gaps, elaboration of theoretical framework and in further designing of the practical framework of new contextual instructional models. It was found that in the process of Instructional Design development, the generic ADDIE model has influenced the development of subsequent models. The designers improved and improvised ADDIE model with the changing needs of learners and contexts. Although new theories have emerged, the socio-cultural theory, Gagne’s instructional events, and Merrill’s principles of instruction still hold significance in instructional designing. Instructional designing based on constructivist epistemology dominate the instructional procedures in TEIs. But, with the integration of Information and Communication Technology in constructivism, new ID Models have been developed which are effective with respect to specific subject, place and contexts. The focus also shifted towards developing integrated models to combine different pedagogical approaches and learning theories with technology. This integration resulted in the emergence of blended instructional designs having elements of both traditional face-two-face and online environments. In the end paper opined that the Indian contexts are entirely unique and different. The ID Models practiced here are originally not developed in Indian contexts but borrowed from western education systems. So, need is to develop ID models suiting to the Indian conditions keeping in view the various challenges originating at teacher education and school education.

The purpose of this study was to develop a Constructivist Blended Instructional Paradigm, called as CBIP, for enhancing teaching effectiveness among prospective teachers in teacher preparation and academic performance of learners in schools. The CBIP is a harmonious blend of all pedagogical approaches (behaviorist, cognitivist and constructivist) and technology in a balanced and pragmatic manner. Theoretically, Advanced Curriculum Model of Cognitive Learning (ACMCL) which was developed in National Council for Educational Research and Training, New Delhi and experimented upon in RIEs especially in Mysore and Ajmer guided the integration process in CBIP. Constructivist Blended Instructional Paradigm draws the best from all available resources as per the Indian context & circumstances. In this, knowledge is created situationally, by using contextual support matching with the text book content. In this way, it is a blending of traditionalism and modernism, a harmonious practical combination of East & West. Thus, this paradigm is operationally defined and empirically verified as Constructivist Blended Instructional Paradigm (CBIP). The main emphasis was to develop appropriate blends and define the role of both teacher and learners in the execution of these blends. The CBIP was found to be efficacious as it has improved teaching effectiveness of prospective teachers and academic performance of learners. This model opens plenty of possibilities to solve some of the prevailing problems of Indian Education System.

We start with basic concepts of cryptography and move towards its history. Main concentration is on various algorithms including DES, RSA. Here we also discussed cryptographic hash functions- MD family, SHA family and RIPEMD, BLAKE and WHILPOOL families also and finally we wind up the paper comparison

This article is devoted to study the solution of field equations of 𝒇(𝑹,𝑻)=𝑹+𝝀𝑻 gravity under the scale factor of the form 𝑺(𝒕)=𝑺𝟎𝒆(𝒕−𝒕𝟎)𝟐𝒏 with 𝑮 and 𝜦 for FRW metric. It is considered that, universe is filled with an exotic fluid of the form 𝒑=𝑨𝝆−𝑩𝝆𝒎, known as modified Chaplygin gas. Here the derived model is close to 𝜦CDM model under the limiting case of 𝒕−𝒕𝟎→∞ and 𝒏∈ℕ+

The nuclear deformation is noticed for A =150 mass nuclei. The Ba-Gd shows a sudden drop in ground state energy around N = 88-90. Around the neutron number N = 90 a sharp nuclear shape transition is noticed from spherical to prolate. It shows a new interpretation to existing knowledge about the behaviour of A~150.

In this manuscript, a meshless technique based on radial basis function is used for solving the Sine-Gordan equation. Radial basis function combined with pseudospectral approach is used to solve the nonlinear Sine-Gordan equation. The given equation is transformed to a system of ODEs with the help of radial basis function then an ODE solver is used to solve the transformed ODEs. Numerical example is established to showcase the validness and efficiency of the method. Error norms are calculated to check the accuracy. The obtained numerical results are in good accord with the exact solution existed in literature.

Structure proting and breaking capacity of thiamine hydrochloride in binary aqueous mixtures of galactose has been determined in the present study at four equidistant different temperatures by using different transport parameters.It has been found that thiamine hydrochloride acts as structure breaker in binary aqueous solutions of galactose and ion-solvent interactions increase with the increase in temperature.

The current study investigated the leadership styles of principals and organizational climate as predictors of teacher effectiveness in secondary schools of Malawi. Descriptive survey method was employed. The sample comprised 150 teachers from both government and private schools in Chikwawa district in the South West Education Division which was selected using simple one stage cluster sampling. The results of the study were: a) teachers of both government and private schools had similar perception of leadership styles of principals’; b) teacher effectiveness of school teachers in government and private schools as perceived by principals’ was similar; c) organizational climate of government schools was similar to that of private schools; d) the leadership styles adopted by principals, organizational climate and teacher effectiveness of school teachers were significantly and positively related to each other and e) leadership styles adopted by principals’ and organizational climate were significant joint predictors of teacher effectiveness of school teachers. Transactional style made a significant contribution in predicting teacher effectiveness, followed by passive avoidant style.

In this work, there is a comprehensive Theoretical formalism for the generation of THz radiation with the use of two femtosecond laser pulses on applying the d.c. electric field in a magnetized collisional plasma. Due to filamentation action of femtosecond pulses in magnetized collisional plasma, there occurs non Linear coupling in transverse d.c. electric field. In this mechanism, non-linear electromagnetic force leads to non Linear transverse oscillatory current that excites at resonance to generate THz radiation. The amplitude of THz radiation can be increased by increasing magnitude of magnetic field

The theoretical studies are carried out to get the idea of the mass attenuation values at varying energies of gamma ray photons. For this purpose sodium basesd silicate glasses are studied with the NIST XCOM, further the density values are analysed to see the impact of varying sodium composition. To understand the effect of varying composition of metal cation in altering the structure of glass, molar volume values are evaluated and analysed.

The present work focuses on the investigation of structural and the electronic properties of InN and BN alloys using the first principles within linear combination of atomics orbital method. This work has been with the use of CRYSTAL code. Some important parameters like bulk modulus, lattice constant and band gap have been calculated.

Hindered phenolics are the compounds which will act as an antioxidant compared to the general phenolic compounds. Especially BHT compounds are shown here and which modifications will be responsible for the enhancing and reducing the efficacy of the phenolic compounds. These moieties are easily avaliable materials which found mostly in the foods, fruits and vegetables and also in several suppliments. The free radical oxidation of organic substrates is inhibited by phenols.and also involved in recovering from several pathophysiological conditions.In this review mentioned the several phenolic compounds which exhibits the effect of scavenging free radicals in the several pathophysiological conditions and daily life processes.

Experimental ranges are determined for the passage of 238U ion in Tantalum for
energies up to ~3.8 GeV utilizing a versatile nuclear-track technique. The Solid State
Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) utilized in the present examination is Polyallyl Diglycol
Carbonate, industrially known as CR-39. The exploratory information are contrasted and
comparing hypothetical qualities acquired from SRIM, conditions of Mukherji et al, the
information tables of Hubert et al and of that of Northcliff and Schilling.

Strontium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of strontium ferricarboxylate precursor by using thermolysis precursor route. Simultaneous Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to study and analyze the thermolysis process. X-ray diffraction study reveals the formation homogenous spinel type cubic structure of the strontium ferrite nanoparticles. A reaction pathway was identified from the thermal decomposition of strontium hexapropionato ferrate(III) precursor to the final product. Mӧssbauer parameters were analyzed for the precursor, intermediates, final product and compared with the literature reported values.

Aim of the study was to predict protein content of wheat grain stored for one year at 4˚C temperature using selected Near Infrared Near Infrared (NIR) wavelengths and Chemometrics. The spectra of grains were measured in reflectance mode with the use of lab built NIR filter based pre dispersive spectrometer ranging from wavelength 750nm to 2580 nm. Wavelength set was divided into two sets for all the stored samples. The chemometric methods applied to the reference data and recorded NIR data were analyzed based on principal component analysis (PCA) scores, partial last squared regression (PLSR) model. R2 values were 0.955, 0.997 for prediction of protein content from PLSR Wavelength Set I and II respectively. Wavelengths with high β correlation coefficients were defined. This study showed that near infrared spectroscopy has potential to distinguish wheat grains stored refrigerator conditions.

The safe and effective management of Pharmaceutical waste has received a lot of attention due to its direct relation with human health and environment. The Knowledge of how to dispose unused medications is similarly significant like medication utilization. Numerous Pharmaceutical compounds at consideration level have been accounted for Wastewater. The revelation of an assortment of pharmaceuticals in surface, subsurface and drinking waters across the nation is increasing worries about the possibly unfriendly ecological results of these contaminants. In spite of the fact that an innovation and treatment convention as of now exists, effective Pharmaceutical waste management still stays a significant issue for all health care facilities. This article reviews the background of Pharmaceutical wastes, its impact on the environment and human health. This Review paper could give the significance of the legitimate removal of Pharmaceutical waste.

The Y-type hexaferrites Sr2CO2-XBixFe12O22 (x=0.0, 0.05 and 0.10) has been synthesized using Sol Gel technique. The structural and magnetic outcome of Bismuth dopant was investigated by XRD, FTIR and VSM study. The XRD reveal the formation of Y-type hexaferrite. Two prominent peaks were observed near 400-600 cm-1 in FTIR spectra indicates twisting and broadening of Fe-O bond at octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively. The squareness ratio (Mr/ Ms) of less than 0.5 for all compositions reveals that nanoparticles are haphazardly oriented multi domain particles.

Different types of toxic gases are polluting our atmosphere and producing harmful effects on the flora and fauna of the different regions. They are the by-product of vehicular emissions, presence of vegetative stink and stagnation. A review has been undertaken to know the sources of emissions of these gases and the methods employed to detect and monitor them at ppm levels.

Efficient electron acceleration on a descending plasma density ramp is observed by a CP (Circularly Polarized) laser. A CP laser pulse traverses along positive z-direction, where an electron with few MeVs is injected in its direction in plasma. The laser’s ponderomotive force is increased due to enhancement in group velocity of laser on a plasma density ramp. It is investigated that electron energy gain enhances swiftly at low plasma density, which proves as an improved platform for efficient electron acceleration.
*E-mail: jyoti_physics@yahoo.co.in

Humans are in the process of development, due to various anthropogenic activities, water quality regularly degraded. Percentage of pollutants in water increases day by day and disturbed natural environment. Present work is carried out in Lovely Professional University, India, and based on water analysis with different parameters such as water hardness, pH, alkalinity, TDS, COD and conductance etc. In addition to this, the effect of polluted water on the growth of biotic component (epipremnum aureum) were also studied.

Hepatocyte is the primary functional cell of the liver. More than 80 % of liver is constructed by the hepatocyte cell. Calcium is working as a second messenger. The particular cytosolic Ca2+ level in hepatocyte cell is responsible for frequently working of the liver. In signal transduction calcium play an essential role in hepatocyte cell. Many biological processes are controlled by the calcium like secretion, muscular contraction, cell differentiation, movement of cell, signaling in cell and processes of buffering etc. Diffusion of calcium in the cell is represented by the reaction-diffusion equations. Here two-dimensional model is developed to estimate the effect of the essential biophysical parameters as association coefficient, bound buffer, influx and coefficient of diffusion over profiles of calcium on hepatocyte cell. The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of cytosolic calcium diffusion in hepatocyte cell when the buffer is present in large amount. The results have been used to establish the relationships among various biophysical parameters.

This research work deals with the design, fabrication and evaluation study of floating tablets using hydrophilic and hydrophobic based polymers, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M), a hydrophilic polymer and ethyl cellulose a hydrophobic polymer. Xanthane gum was used as a swelling agent and sodium bicarbonate & citric acid at various compositions were used as a gas forming agent by wet granulation techniques. Metronidazole (MZ) was used as an antibiotic, amebicide, and antiprotozoal as a standard drug. The invitro dissolution study of Metronidazole floating tablets was carried out by USP Type- II dissolution test apparatus in 0.1N HCl at 37°C±0.5°C at 50 rpm for 12 hours. All prepared tablets were undergone compatibility study using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). No significant change in MZ drug and combination of drug and other excipients were detected. The percentage of drug dissolved in floating tablet was found to be 98.67 % at the end of 12 hrs. The kinetic release data were analyzed which showed zero order kinetic and is best fit with Higuchi model. The optimized formulation of tablet was formulated by combination of HPMC K4 M and Ethyl Cellulose gives floating lag time and sustained drug release characteristics. The novelty behind the hydrophilic-hydrophobic polymers combined formulations resulted controlled drug release duration reduced the dose frequency and prolonged the retention time of stomach.

As the proven reserves of Oil and Gas (O&G) are nearing towards its maturity phase, the production from the fields is progressively shrinking. India’s economic demands for crude oil import, especially the O&G industry has been greatly having its dependence of crude oil on the foreign nations, especially the OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exploration Countries) nations. However, there lies a huge potential for the existing fields of India to produce incremental Oil and Gas beyond their current recovery scenarios. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is such a technique, which employs combination of technologies that deliver increased volumes of crude oil and gas that were earlier assumed to be beyond the scope of recovery. EOR schemes engaged at various brown fields aims at displacing the immovable oil that were so far not achievable through the conventional methods of secondary recovery. This is greatly due to the significant pressure depletion in the reservoir that follows because of continuous hydrocarbon recovery at varying recovery rates. Apart from the previous fact, crude oil is a good blend of hydrocarbon molecules ranging from C1 to C40+. This paper aims to provide an provide the impact of Enhanced recovery implementation in Indian Oil field. The work bridges the gap in comprehending the EOR techniques developed so far, the various implementations adopted by the Indian Oil Exploration and Production (E&P) companies. The paper also provides a perception on how well can India adhere to the recently adopted policies of Enhanced Recovery screening guidelines in subsiding the reliance of foreign crude imports to achieve a strong energy establishment in the world.

This study was aimed to utilize the decision-making capability of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and empirical rating capability of Bureau of Indian Standard code (BIS – 14496) methods to perform landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) mapping of slopes bounding Koteshwar reservoir. The key issue in selection of mapping unit in any LSZ mapping was simplified by adopting slope facet as the mapping unit. Slope facets were demarcated by using very high resolution ALOS PALSAR 12.5m digital elevation model. Total 54 facets were traced on the reservoir bounding slopes. For each slope facet, the influence of geo-environmental factors, namely, lithology, structural favourability, land use land cover, hydrogeological condition, slope angle and relative relief (as per BIS code) on the landslide propensity was evaluated using ratings proposed in the BIS code and the AHP method. LSZ map was created based on the procedure given in the BIS code. Landslide susceptibility index (LSI) values for each slope facet was calculated by simple arithmetic overlay operation which resembles total estimated hazard (TEHD) calculation given in BIS code. Further, LSI values were normalized to a range TEHD values. The LSI values were classified into five relative susceptible zones. Validation of both LSZ maps was carried out by establishing a relationship of observed landslides in the field with the facets identified under various susceptible zones.

In this manuscript, we established and proved some results on fixed point in the framework of partial 𝒃𝒗(𝒔)- metric space. The obtained results generalize the existing results in the literature.

The speed of sound, of binary mixtures of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol are measured at different temperatures and at frequency of 2 MHz over entire range of mole fraction. The variation of the speed of sound with the molality of solute in the solvent depicts the nature of the intermolecular interactions taking place inside the mixture. The deviation of the experimental values with the increase in the molar mass of glycols is interpreted in terms of molecular interactions among the components of the binary mixtures.

Supercapacitors are the efficient energy storing devices with advanced properties like high power density, better cycle life, and high durability. But due to less energy density they cannot be used in commercial sector. In order to remove this barrier graphene based electrodes are used in supercapacitors which results in high stability but lacking in high value of specific capacitance. In series of research, it has been suggested that graphene along with conducting polymers and metal oxides can be used as electrode material for supercapacitors in order to provide both high value of specific capacitance and stability. So, this review paper summarizes the recent studies of incorporation of graphene with conducting polymers and metal oxides based supercapacitors as efficient energy storing device.

The small static and composite fields occur in clinic while implementing Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Body radiotherapy (SBRT). These small fields are limited by constrains related to radiation beam origin and the measurement instruments available in the field. The clinical need of these fields is in achieving the homogenous and conformal dose in the tumour. The radiation beam source cannot be modified in any radiation unit until a change in its design is done. So, the range of radiation detectors like ionization chambers, scintillation detectors, silicon diodes and films have been extensively used for small field dosimetry. The plastic scintillator Exradin W2 has been tested to be the best available detector among the range of detectors for small and very small fields. The use of any detector in small field dosimetry must be accompanied by another standard detector and the data should be supported by Monte Carlo simulation studies if possible. Also, appropriate choice of Patient Specific Quality Assurance (PSQA) device is necessary to ensure the accurate dose delivery to the patients.

Plants derived compounds have been successfully used as anti-cancer medicine so far. Paclitaxel, pomiferin, roscovitine are the few examples of plant derived drugs. There are a number of plant constituents which are being studied for their anticancer activity and still there are a number of natural products that are under various stages of clinical trial. Many researchers are working on these compounds so as to find out their mode of action and selectivity of cancer cell line. Exhaustive work is being done to get promising anti-cancer agents in future. In the present review, naturally occurring flavonoids have been considered and their role in controlling cancer is being investigated. A study of their mode of actions and categorization of their molecular targets have been done.

The aim of the proposed study is to develop a new hybrid method using Haar scale 3 wavelets for the investigation of fractional Models governed by the Fractional differential equations. Haar scale 3 wavelets are used to estimate the solution by series approximation. To handle the fractional derivatives and integrals in the problems, Caputo sense definition of derivatives and Riemann-Liouville definitions of integrals are used. Numerical solution has been produced for five different fractional differential equations to establish the competency of the proposed method.

La doped ZnS nanopowder was synthesized by co precipitation method. In FTIR spectra, the major peak at 676 cm-1 and 661 cm-1 was due to Zn-S stretching bond. Crystallite size was calculated by effective mass model from UV absorption data, Scherer formula and W-H plot and found to be almost same. The crystallite size lies between 1 to 5 nm indicating quantum confinements. Dislocation density was observed to be decreased in case of ZnS: La0.5 mol%. This might be due to the higher growth in crystallite size. Board emission peak was observed at 489nm which conclude the utilization of nanophosphor for display devices

In this article, the effect of delay parameter on the wood-based industries depleting the forest biomass is analysed using a mathematical model. The logistic growth of forest biomass is assumed in the lack of wood-based industries. System behavior within all feasible equilibria is studied using differential equation stability theory. The delay parameter 𝝉 is a key parameter in the proposed model, and the system shows complex behaviour by exhibiting Hopf-bifurcation about interior equilibrium. The calculated procedural results are substantiated using simulation with MATLAB

We are going to define the new general form of closure set for any subset of the topological space and study their properties. Furthermore, we also establish relationship of new defined form with existing form.

For the various biological activities a lot of compounds of natural and synthetic
origin have been used to treat upon various ailments, these compound have been either
isolated from natural sources, synthesized chemically or are modified using different
precursors, the present report provides a report on the synthesis and activities of
compounds which have synthesized chemically to get variety of biological functions. Major
emphasis in this report lies around the identification of synthetic methodologies adopted
for the synthesis of these compounds.

Pure Cs ferrite and mixed Cs-Li ferrite have been synthesized by using solution combustion method. For solution combustion method oxalic dihydrazide has been used as a fuel. Solution combustion method leads to the formation of single-phase ferrite materials. By using this method ferrite materials have been synthesized at lower temperature and in shorter time. The identity of synthesized ferrite materials has been established by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). As synthesized ferrite materials have been employed for adsorption of dyes from their aqueous solutions. Ferrite materials have proven to be efficient adsorbents due to their nano-sized particles, reusability and easy removal from the solution owing to their magnetic nature.

We present the topological properties of some lacunary sequence spaces on n-normed space defined via Euler and matrix summability transformations. Further some inclusion relation between these spaces are studied.

Copper (I) halides (X = Cl, Br, I) were reacted with one mole of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL1) and two molar Ph3P to form complexes of general formula, [CuX(HL1)(Ph3P)2] (1-3). However, the similar reaction with 4-methylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL2) did not give the same complex with copper (I) iodide and bromide. Instead of that X = I (A), Br (B) complexes of stiochiometry, [CuX(Ph3P)3] formed. No ligand gets attached to copper centre. Only the copper (I) chloride has formed complex of stiochiometry, [CuCl(HL2)(Ph3P)2] 4. Conformation of formation of complexes was done by infra-red, ultra-violet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. All these techniques support binding of thio- ligand to copper center in neutral mode. Binding of trihenylphosphine in these complexes is also confirmed by these techniques.

The purpose of filling is to continue the flow of goods through the system. Implementing a tailored compensation policy is an important issue in developing the production ordering model. Inflation effects the Cost values in an inventory system. Financial state of any organization depends largely on the fluctuations in the inflation rate. Based on the above context this document provides a detailed policy of defective items for different cycle times subject to inflation and incorporating the uncertainties prevailing in the environment. The change in the cost parameters over a passage of time is included in the fuzzy sense so as bring the model close to a realistic solution. Insufficiency in the supply of the goods is partially fulfilled. Validation of the results in done through numerical example.

In this paper, paranormed 𝑪𝟐-sequence spaces are defined in the 2-normed space. The topological properties of these sequence space are also studied. The solidness and the symmetry of the sequence space are also verified for the 𝓵 and 𝓵∞ base spaces.
Keywords: Bicomplex space, 𝑪𝟐Sequence spaces, paranormed space, 2-normed space.
2010 AMS Mathematics Classification: Primary 40A05, Secondary 46A45.

Innumerable organic corrosion inhibitors for various metals and their alloys have been persistently reported. The synthetic heterocyclic compounds composed of strong electronegative atoms/ hetero atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus was observed to be very effective at preventing metal corrosion. A concept of studying Thiazole derivatives compounds for corrosion inhibition of metals has been formed in recent years as they contains hetero atoms, aromatic ring structure and pi bond in the structural geometry. Throughout this article, the goal is to examine the potential of thiazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for various metals and alloys through acidic or basic environment.

The trigonometric differential quadrature method has been utilized to compute the numerical solution of the reaction-diffusion equation system. To compute the approximate space derivatives in this method we use trigonometric b-spline basis function. Under the considered equation different forms of the linear and non-linear model are considered for the numerical solution and obtained results are presented at different time levels.

The non-linear Swift-Hohenberg (SH) equation broadly exists as a model in the study of pattern formation. This equation is in focus of researchers because of the patterns existing in the solution. This equation models many of the fluids dynamics phenomenon and the genetic materials such as tissues in study of the pattern formation. Many of the researchers have obtained the solution of the equation based on different analytical and numerical approaches. This manuscript is dealt with the numerical solution of SH equation using the collocation approach using B-spline basis functions. For the different values of the parameters involved, the equation is studied graphically for the formation of patterns.

Teaching mathematics is a challenge for a teacher, mathematics being considered as a difficult stream of science to be taught in an interesting way. Storytelling is a very popular tool that has been well developed and investigated by the researchers to get its impact on students. The objective of this project is to present an innovative proposal to teach mathematics through digital storytelling in higher education. This proposal is based on the heuristic design of emergent models about the value of storytelling in the construction of mathematical concepts. The intention of this proposal is to use digital storytelling as a tool to introduce mathematical concepts at the university level.

Pest management is a matter of great concern nowadays. To achieve the same, a three tropic level food chain model is proposed considering plant, pest and natural enemies. Two different type of functional responses are taken for mid level and top level predator. Threshold value of the impulsive period is calculated for extinction of mid level predator using Floquet theory of impulsive differential equations, Lyapnuov functions and stroboscopic map. Mid level predator plays the role of pest. Permanence of system is also established. Some complex dynamics is also observed at higher value of impulsive period greater than threshold value. Further, validation of theoretical findings is done using MATLAB. Food chain Impulsive control strategy pest management Permanence mixed functional response

Four new oxadiazole derivatives, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-amine, 5-(3-nitrophenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-amine, 4-(5-amino-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-yl)phenol, 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-amine have been synthesized, characterized and studied for in-vitro antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial studies is carried out against bacteria E.coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus letteus and the anti-fungal studies is carried out against fungus candida albicans, Sacromyces cervesiae at concentrations 50μg/ml, 100 μg/ml and 150μg/ml. The potency of the derivatives is analysed against standard antibiotic drug ampicillin at 100μg/ml. Compounds 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-amine and 5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-amine are found more effective than ampicillin, which may be explored as new analogues in antibiotic category.