European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Stroke is considered one of the leading causesof morbidity and mortality in many
countries. Many studies investigated the outcomes after the occurrence of stroke.
Some of those research studies indicated that obesity and the increasein the
bodymass index areestablished risk factors for mortality among stroke patients.
However, the results of these studies were inconsistent.The main aim of this review
article was to examine the association between bodymass index and mortality
among stroke patients. The majority of the studies had shown a possible effect of
overweight on mortality among stroke patients; the evidence regarding the
association's presence is limited.On the other hand, the majority of the studies had
shown a protective effect of obesity (mild obesity, bodymass index between 30-35)
onreducingthe risk of mortality among stroke patients. This means underweight
stroke patients have more risk of mortality. Thus, the argument regarding the effect
of high bodymass index on mortality has been explained by the obesity paradox.
However, most of those studies were observational, and results could be attributed
to the methodological flaw. There is a need to well-designed prospective studies that
to overcome the limitation of the previous studies.

Vitamin D is also known as calciferol because of its role in calcium metabolism and antirachitic factor because it prevents rickets. It is a modified steroid, synthesised in the skin under the influence of sunlight and is necessary for metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Its RDA is 400 IU or 10 mg, it binds to the receptor of target cells and regulate through gene expression. Vitamin D undergoes hydroxylation in the liver to form 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D]. The two main forms are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). The main source of vitamin D in humans is in the form of vitamin D3, which is derived from synthesis in the skin via exposure of 7- dehydrocholesterol, concentrated in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum, to ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation. Vitamin D2 is obtained from the diet, and is derived from ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol, found in fungi. Both metabolites are transported in the blood bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). These inactive vitamin D metabolites must undergo a two-step hydroxylation process to become biologically active. Initially, vitamin D2 and D3 undergo hydroxylation in the maternal liver, via the action of vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzyme (CYP27A1), to form the inactive steroid precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). 25[OH]D is the major circulating and stored form of vitamin D. In this present review we have focused on need of vitamin D beyond bone.

Obesity is disorder in a foremost nutritional health it’s developed with countries developing. Also is known as increasingin fat accumulation that lead toproblem in health, besidesmay coin one of the reasons lead toloss of life,the obesity not effect on adults just but effect onoffspringand juveniles. In some ofinhabitants the incidence of obesity is superior in female than in male; on the other hand, the variation degree of the between the genderdifferby country.Obesity is generally measured by body mass index and waist circumference, Obesity are classified according to body mass index into:Pre obesity sort 1 : (25 - 29.9) kg/m2, Obesity sort 2 : (30 - 34.9 kg/m2) and extreme obesity sort 3: (40 kg/m2) or greater. Obesity is described by a pathologic condition with augmented overall of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol while reduced of HDL levels.There are many hormones causes pathophysiology of fatness such as adipokines, gutcorrelated hormones and ghrelin, numerous studies have revealed that the association among fatness and the metabolic sickness such as Insulin resistance, activity of lipoprotein lipase in muscle reduction and free fatty acids increasing. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight different between men am women according to quality of life in different population and countries

Purpose: To study indicators of central and peripheral hemodynamics in pregnant women with obesity of varying severity at a gestational age of 36-38 weeks.
Materials and Methods: To study hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, SDD, UI, SI, OPSS, CR, LVMI) in pregnant women with obesity of varying severity, 127 pregnant women (I, main group) aged from 23 to 34 years were selected obesity of varying severity with gestational age 36-38 weeks. The second (control) group consisted of 28 pregnant women of the same age and gestational age with normal body weight (body mass index from 19 to 24.9 kg / m2). The groups were identical in age, gestational age, which allowed for an objective and comparative assessment.

Background: In the last few decades, industrialization, urbanization, economic development and market globalization have had a significant impact on changes in lifestyle and diet. Thus, food choices and nutritional intake greatly affect oral health and body weight. This has a significant impact on health and nutrition, particularly through higher carbohydrate intake and lower physical activity, particularly among younger members of the population. High sugar intake, such as sugar-containing snacks and soft drinks, was reported it is more common in children/adolescents who are overweight and obesity than those of normal weight. Frequent sugar intake is also a risk factor for dental caries. Given this, there is strong evidence that supports the relationship between dental caries and dietary intake has been associated with the development of obesity at a young age. Thus, it is possible to conclude that there is a biological relationship between dental caries and body weight. Objective: To see the relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases were drawn from the literature to support this review and information on the relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Result/Discussion: There is some scientific evidence showing a specific relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Conclusion:Body mass index has a significantrelationshipwiththeincidenceof dental caries in children. However, thisconditiondoes not account for which category the incidence of dental cariesis greatest. This is associated with multifactorial interactions that mutually influence the occurrence of dental caries in children.

Obesity is a chronic medical condition associated with various oral health problems. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is 27.8%. Since obesity has a high prevalence worldwide, it is considered and prioritized as a major issue with regard to the economics of developed nations. Obesity is a disease with multiple aetiological factors, with genetics and specific obesity-related genes playing key roles. Due to the recent trends associated with urbanization, including increased refined food product consumption, unhealthy dietary habits, and a lack of physical activity, obesity is spreading fast. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for various systemic diseases, including hypertension, cardio- vascular disease, metabolic diseases, osteoarthritis, respiratory difficulties, and some oral diseases, such as periodontal disease.The aim of the study is to accesses the prevalence of obesity among dental students of a private dental college.The study involve acessesing the obesity of various dental students using BMI index. All the data collected was computed in excel formal and statistical analysis was done.The study was conducted to accesses a change in 6 months period. All the data was statistically significant. After statistical analysis it was found that there was significant change between the initial and the data collected six months after. Thus in the current study it was observed the mean variation of the weight, food pattern and the BMI of each students and was found to have significant higher variation.

The purpose of scientific study by a random sample was to figure out the impact of yogic practices among obese adult women on selected physiological variables. For the purpose of the research, 30 obese adult women residing in Chennai City between the ages of 25 and 35 years were randomly selected from 15 subjects in two categories, experimental group I and group II, using a random sampling group method. It was speculated that there will be substantial variations in selected physiological variables such as Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) relative to the control group owing to yogic practices among obese adult people. For this analysis, the training time was eight weeks. Experimental group-I had yogic practice in the morning, for an hour, six days a week. Community II was held in successful repose. For all the participants, the pre-test and post-test were done before and after the testing. Study of Co-variance (ANCOVA) was used to evaluate the data to figure out the essential variations between the groups. The significance test was set at a degree of trust of 0.05. Because of yogic meditation on chosen physiological factors such as the index of body mass (BMI) and the control group among obese adult women, the findings revealed that there were substantial variations. It was concluded that as compared to Group II on physiological variables such as Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index (BMI) in obese adult people, there was a positive influence on yogic practices and the result was agreed at a level of confidence of 0.05. It was concluded that yogic activities are required to maintain a healthy weight and blood pressure for obese adult people.

Obesity is a complex disease involving excessive amounts of body fat due to problems with lipid metabolism and catalysis by PPARγ and GPR120. It is currently known that full-agonist drugs PPRγ have cardiovascular side effects and are closely related to lipid metabolism by GPR120. The selected of omega-3 derivative compounds is based on an important role in morphological, biochemical, molecular brain development and has been shown to control body weight by reducing body fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to obtain information regarding the binding affinity of 9 selected compounds from omega-3 to PPARγ and GPR120 either as full agonist or partial agonist by showing that these compounds using absorption and distribution prediction (ADME) sufficiently reasonable. Docking analysis was performed using Auto Dock 4.2, and ADME prediction using PreADMET software. The results showed that DPA and DHA have most higher binding affinity of molecular docking at the active site of the partial agonis and full agonist for PPARγ with free energy -9.26 kcal/mol and -8.92, respectively. DPA showed capabilities as partial agonist is characterized by a hydrogen bond in the form of Ser342 such as telmisartan, while DHA has a similar hydrogen bond in the form of Ile281 such as rosiglitazone. Whereas the results for GPR120 showed that DHA, EPA, and ETA compounds had good potential activity as agonists by binding to the same amino acid residues Arg327 and Tyr146, and the compounds have the lowest bond energies were -9.4, -8.72 and -8.15 kcal/ mol, respectively compared to the neurotensin ligand is -6.31 kcal/mol. All compounds meet absorption and distribution parameters, so that the selected compounds have the potential to prevent obesity through PPARγ and GPR120

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a serious universal health problem, is defined as the clustered presence of three or more conditions, including hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol and central obesity. The present study assessed the relationship between MetS and Periodontitis. Materials & Methods: In this case control study, 270 patients with metabolic syndrome aged 18-40 years of both genders (Group I) and equal number of age and gender matched healthy controls (n=270,Group II) were enrolled. Periodontal status was assessed using a community periodontal index (CPI). Score 0 (healthy), 1 (bleeding following probing), 2 (presence of dental calculus), 3 (probing pocket depth between 4 and 5 mm) and 4 (probing pocket depth ≥6 mm) was calculated. Results: Out of 540 patients, males were 258 and females were 282. Healthy periodontium was seen in 12% in group I and 45% in group II, bleeding in 5% in group I and 20% in group II, calculus in 20% in group I and 15% in group II, pockets 4- 5mm in 35% in group I and 13% in group II and pockets >6 mm was seen in 28% in group I and 7% in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: There was poor periodontal status in patients with metabolic syndrome as compared to healthy subjects

62 children and adolescents with obesity accompanied by arterial hypertension were examined. It was revealed that the development of myocardial hypertrophy is affected by body weight, blood pressure,vasoconstriction processes, as well as insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. These parameters serve as early markers of myocardial hypertrophy.

Objectives: the study aims to assess the relationship between obesity and prostatic markers (total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA), and free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA)). Methods: this study was conducted on 127 men aged ≥40 years at The Department of Urology at Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital. Exclusion criteria were a history of previously diagnosed or treated prostate cancer, the use of prostacare or any drugs that affect the levels of PSA in the serum. Results: the age range of the participants of the study was between 40–80 year. The number of men with normal BMI was 26 (20.47%), 47 men were overweight (37%), 33 men were obese (25.98%), and finally, 21 men were severely obese (16.53%). The mean of parameters total and free prostate-specific antigen (tPSA, fPSA), in the study, were (mean ± SD) (1.683±0.563) ng/ml, (0.537±0.189) ng/ml, respectively. Conclusions: there are no significant relationships between BMI, tPSA, and fPSA, at P≤0.05 in a sample of Iraqi men.

gallstones are common diseases in many countries of the world , and incidence rate may reach about 20 % .Most cases of gallstones occur in females , the incidence rate may reach four times to one in comparison between women and men , mainly in fatty , fertile , age of forty female , gall stones are rare before age of 20 years ,but; may occur at any age . many cases are not diagnosed because they do not cause any signs or symptoms , and thus can only be diagnosed accidently by routine abdominal ultrasound.
The aim of study is to evaluate the relationship between age,sex and body mass index as risk factors for gallstone.
a cross sectional study was conducted in Tikrit city during the period from early of May to the end of October 2019 . 468 were enrolled in present study , and only 95 patients were diagnosed as a case of gallstone (29 male , 66 female). All patients attending private ultrasound clinic with different complains, data was collected by using certain questionnaire.
The results showed that, There was highly significant statistical relationship (P – value ≤0.05) between body mass index mean in both gallstone cases(26.628±5.808) and, in cases without gallstone(22.225±1.316). In the present study there was high statistically significant relation(P- value ≤ 0.05) between body mass index measurement above 25(31.97727273± 3.747859149) and measurement below 25(21.85882353± 1.616313889) in patients with gallstone.
The present study conclude that , Body mass index more than 25 considered as an important risk factor for gallstone.

Abstract: Background- Excessive accumulation of fat results into obesity. Obesity further
have an adverse effect on health as it has been seen to be associated with diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, heart disease like coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease such as
hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, metabolic syndrome like insulin resistance, some
cancers such as cancer of esophagus, thyroid, kidney, uterus, colon and breast, and
psychosocial problems. Also, obesity is considered to be a risk factor for periodontitis
which is an inflammation of supporting periodontal structures around the tooth which
results from the complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host immune
response. However, the impact of obesity on different severity of periodontal disease is not
evaluated in rural population. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between obesity and the
severity of periodontal disease in Rural population. Methodology: A total 400 obese
subjects will be included in the study. Biometric parameters like age, weight, height, waist
and neck circumference, subcutaneous skin fold will be evaluated. Also periodontal
parameters like Plaque index (PI), Papillary bleeding index (PBI), Probing pocket depth
(PPD), Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Gingival recession (REC) will be evaluated
and co-relation between these parameters will be carried out. Results: A statistically
significant association will be observed between BMI and periodontitis of overweight and
obese study individuals having periodontitis. A positive co-relation will be observed
between biometric parameters and periodontal status of obese individual. Conclusion: A
significant association will be observed between BMI and periodontitis of overweight and
obese study individuals having periodontitis in rural population.

Obesity is one of the principle preventable reasons for death. extra than forty % of Iraqis be afflicted by weight problems (obesity). is that it is excessive weight gain with excess body fat. This causes the patient to be exposed to several diseases. (weight problems) is measured in lots of ways, the most crucial of which is referred to as (BMI - body mass index), that's a tool for calculating weight in relation to frame height. someone is overweight if this indicator has a fee of 30 or more.
Methods: The study included healthy natural subjects as a comparison group (control) and they were (61 samples) Including (32) females and (29) males, and their ages ranged (3_15) years, and Patients Group (59 blood samples) were obtained they range in age (2_17) years, Included (35) males, (24) females.
Samples were collected from the patients reviewed at [Al Khayal Hospital].Level of antioxidants was assessed by estimation in the serum convergences of complete cancer prevention agents limit (TAC) by UV spectrophotometric strategy. also, Serum minor components (Zn, Cu and Fe) assessed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS .)
The Statistical Analysis System-SAS (2012) program was utilized to distinguish the impact of contrast factors in study boundaries. T-test was utilized to huge look at between implies. in this examination.
Result: Our study observed significantly elevated concentrations of (TAC)
(p < 0. 01)in the control than patient. Investigation of serum minor components (Zn, Cu and (Fe) found that the mean estimations of Zn, Fe, Cu, were (106.52 ± 0.76) and (70.44 ± 0.76), and (65.85 ± 1.97 ) μg/dl for the patient and (53.73 ± 2.11), (31.16 ± 0.87), and (91.12 ± 3.00) μg/dl for the controls, thusly. There was a significant contrast in minor components the patients and controls (p < 0.01).

Introduction: Increasing of obesity become endemic problem in childbearing age of women. Therefore, this morbidity frequently found in pregnancy with all of the obesity consequences. Some problems in developing country like Indonesia, especially in our tertiary hospital also experienced burden situation of obesity in pregnancy cases.
Aims:To describe obesity in pregnancy cases and analyze obesity status before pregnancy on obstetric outcome of this morbidity
Material and methods:Retrospective case control study using medical record on singleton pregnancy complicated with obesity in major East Java tertiary referral hospital in one year.
Results:of 1144 deliveries, we revealed 337 cases (29%) of obesity. 246 cases were included and analyzed in this study. Majority of cases were multiparity (72.8%), with age of 31.5±5.6 y.o, BMI of 35.6±4.9 kg/m2 with 19.5% had morbidly obese status.48% of cases had obesity status before pregnancy. Pre pregnancy obesity status not related to Cesarean Section delivery (P=0.07), the occurrence of preeclampsia (P=0.35), gestational diabetes (P=0.97) and fetal macrosomia (P=0.97). Pre pregnancy obesity status related to higher BMI status at delivery (P<0.001) and morbidly obesity condition (P<0.001; OR 5.96; CI 2.58-13.77)
Conclusion:Our study revealed high incidence of obesity during pregnancy. While obesity correlated well with obstetric morbidity, pre pregnancy body mass index status did not associated with obstetric complication in pregnant obesity cases. Higher BMI and morbidly obese pregnancy cases due to pre pregnancy obesity status may contribute to non-significant increase of cesarean section.

Uterine fibroids is the most common benign gynecological disease, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. We examined 152 women in the II clinic of the T ashkent Medical Academy. The saturation of the body with vitamin D (25 ( OH ) D ) and its relationship with concomitant obesity in patients with uterine fibroids and healthy women were studied . In less than half of women with symptomatic myoma, deficiency and severe deficiency of vitamin D prevails with concomitant obesity of varying degrees . Studying the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and excess body weight in this pathology makes it possible to predict the development of the disease, the nature of the course and the risk of possible complications.

Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of obesity in pregnant women in
the development of preeclampsia. All women were divided into 2 groups: the study group
included women with obesity (n=120) and the control group of pregnant women with
physiological course of pregnancy without obesity (n=60).

62 children and adolescents with obesity accompanied by arterial hypertension were examined. It was revealed that the development of myocardial hypertrophy is affected by body weight, blood pressure, vasoconstriction processes, as well as insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. These parameters serve as early markers of myocardial hypertrophy.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep, causing expiratory dyspnea, intermittent oxygen desaturation, systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressure surges, and sleep disruption. The aim of this study is to determine the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea and to analyse the most prevalent age group in males.This is a survey based study carried between the month of April 2020-May 2020. This survey was carried out with the help of an online platform. Around 100 male participants aged between 15-60 years participated in this survey. Based on the responses, data was collected and tabulated in an Excel sheet. This was followed by transferring the Excel tabulated data to SPSS for data analysis. Students' unpaired T test was conducted for statistical analysis. Based on the analysis the results were tabulated. The most common age associated with sleep apnea was the age group above 40 years 38%. 82% of the participants had a BMI value more than 35kgm2 . 63% reported with a habit of snoring.52% complained with day time sleepiness.52% revealed a family history of sleep apnea. Based on the results it is seen that obstructive sleep apnea is most common among the elderly population. Majority of the participants had a BMI value > 35kgm2.;and a neck circumference > 40 cm which indicates obesity. Hence it is proved that obesity has a strong association with obstructive sleep apnea

Sedentary lifestyle has become a huge concern in one's life, in which physical inactivity has become a major health problem. Prevalence of sedentary life is increasing nowadays and is seen more commonly in the student population. Sedentary lifestyle leads to obesity is an important health concern which is increasing day by day around the globe. It affects the whole body which mainly causes cardiovascular problems.The Aim of this research is to bring awareness about sedentary lifestyle, obesity and cardiovascular disease in the student population.A questionnaire of a total 15 questions were prepared and was uploaded through surveyplanet. The responses were collected and then interpreted as pie charts and bar graphs. A total of 100 undergraduate college students have taken the survey. The data was analysed by IBM-SPSS software where descriptive statistics and chi square test was done, where the results are plotted as graphs and pie charts.A total of 100 college students have taken up the survey in which 47% were male and 53% were female. In a question pertaining to how many people were following a healthy diet- 74 % have answered yes and 26% said no. The next question was about exercising everyday in which 62 % said yes while 38% said no. In which 47% males and 15% females have answered yes.97% agree that sedentary lifestyle leads to complications such as obesity. 90% of the students are aware about the increase in sedentary lifestyle among students. 69% have answered that unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity,smoking etc were the common causes of obesity. 95% agree that obesity causes respiratory problems. Almost 95 % students agree that obesity causes systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension which will ultimately lead to cardiovascular problems.Chi square test was done between gender and people who are following a healthy diet and exercising daily where p<0.05 which is statistically significant.Our study showed that almost all students were aware about sedentary lifestyle and its complications, but the females in the study have shown that they do not follow a healthy diet and do not exercise regularly which makes them prone to obesity and ultimately cardiovascular problems. To avoid these problems, awareness has to be spread in colleges about the seriousness of obesity and its harmful effects and how to prevent it.

Everyone gets separated after a few days when they get bored due to that depression. Self quarantine reduces the economic development of the country. Everyone working has many responsibilities but due to this self quarantine in this lockdown shortage of money leads the country to drop in economic status. Due to self quarantine many are affected mentally, they usually get depressed and lose their peace. Cannot concentrate in what they are doing and change in their mood swings. Self quarantine Self quarantine is most useful during the time of spreading disease. This study is done with the help of an online survey. Many are used to this self quarantine. Many ill effects are there in self quarantine like obesity, due to obesity leads to myocardial infarction but other than these many useful things are occurring due to self quarantine like reducing usage of vehicles which reduces global warming. This study created awareness about the self quarantine and told how to spend free time properly

Global markets have increased the plethora of options available to Indian consumers. With the clear shift in consumer tastes and preferences, food companies have also capitalized on the same. The food processing industry forms an important segment of the Indian economy in terms of contribution to GDP, employment and investment, and is a major driver in the country's growth in the near future. The objective of this study is to create awareness in food habits in the present era among the South Indian population. A well structured questionnaire was administered to the participants through an online survey link. The responses were analysed through descriptive statistics using SPSS software. The results depicted that, majority of participants were aware and had knowledge about the effect of food habits in their daily diet. There is a shift from opting to eat at home to opting to eat out. Also interestingly awareness about harmful effects of processed foods was high but the reason for consumption was attributed primarily to ease of purchase. Nutrition education for adolescents and parents is needed to promote healthy eating. Health Authorities should strengthen the monitoring of food intake and its association with overweight/obesity.

The review gives an overview on the relation between obesity and n-CoV disease. A review has been done to understand the correlation of obesity with the n-CoV disease by retrieving a maximum of related articles from various search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar, MeSH, Core, Cochrane, bioRxiv, Semantic scholar and so on published from 2000 to 2020 (till date). Obesity is associated with SARS- CoV-2 which enhances inflammatory response in obese people compared to actual standard BMIs. Obesity is often specifically related to producing inflammation by triggering a cytokine storm in the lungs, which raises the likelihood of ARDS, thereby requiring respiratory assistance for the main issue. Obesity can hinder breathing by hampering the excursion of the diaphragm, inhibit immune responses to critical infection, it is pro-inflammatory and triggers diabetes and even oxidizing tension to worsen cardiovascular activity. This study indicates that obese people through respiratory viruses COVID19 are more likely to be hospitalized comparatively. The implementation of novel ideas on obesity control of ailments will certainly bring about a massive change. Constraining less dependence on recent literature in this area and also upgrading numerous research to increase consciousness among the general public so that they may take measures not to be vulnerable to COVID 19. The current research has shown a strong incidence of obesity in patients participating in medical treatment with SARS-CoV-2. Obesity can be hazard factored to SARS-CoV-2 severity which needs increased attention in susceptible individuals to take preventive measures

IntroductionChildhood obesity is termed as excess body fat accumulation which negatively affects a child's health or well-being. As methods to work out body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is usually supported by BMI. A Body mass Index of 30 or more is considered as obesity. Children are considered to be obese if they are above the normal weight for their height in relation to their age. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low and middle income countries. The rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it's being recognized as a significant public health concern. AimThe aim of this study is to assess the Knowledge, awareness and risk factors of childhood obesity among the adolescent population.
Materials and MethodThis is a survey based study and was conducted on an online forum, Survey Planet with a sample of 100 participants .Adolescents of age group between 10-21 participated in the study. A questionnaire with 10 questions was circulated among the Chennai population. The responses were collected. The data was summarised as the number and percentage and analysed using SPSS.Chi square test was done and a P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ResultsIn this survey, we observed that 29% of them consider their current weight to be harmful for their health. 40% of them check their weight regularly. Half of the population were aware that chronic stress can lead to weight gain. Only 41% of the participants have the habit of exercising regularly. 67% of the participants were aware of the complications of obesity. Among all the respondents 28% of them had a family history of obesity.
ConclusionWithin the limits of this survey, we can conclude that awareness on childhood obesity is present among the adolescent population. Females were more aware of Childhood obesity than males. However regular exercise and healthy diet is essential to maintain a healthy weight and prevent obesity.

Analysis of the assessment of attitudes towards their health among the unorganized population. With the important role of timely and adequate detection of various diseases and pathological conditions by doctors of the health facility, the adequacy of assessing patients health is of particular importance. An adequate assessment of the patient's own health is an important help in the timely referral to the doctor and the conduct of the preventive measures. In this regard, the frequency of the main components of the metabolic syndrome among people who differ in assessing their health was analyzed.
Among the unorganized population of Bukhara there is an inadequate assessment of the state of health among patients with arterial hypertension, with body mass index and obesity and a violation of carbohydrate metabolism.

Probiotics can be defined as live microorganisms that may beneficially affect the host upon ingestion by improving the balance of the microflora. It has various health benefits like alternation in weight, increasing the immunity, and also in digestion. Many of us would think that bacterial products aren’t helpful but in contrast they are enormously useful. The common species involved are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium. At present the alarming issue for everyone might be weight gain. The probiotic diet helps in modification of gut microbiota and it inhibits the absorption of dietary fat and increases fat excretion via faeces. Most of the attempts done to study the effects of probiotics with Lactobacillus strains on weight reduction was found to be positive. Probiotic administration on women over a period of three months had a significant reduction in weight compared to the pills. So probiotics are far better than artificially prepared pills. The aim of the review is to analyze whether a probiotic diet helps in reduction of weight and how far it could play the beneficial role in reduction of weight.

Background:
      Diabetes mellitus and obesity are key risk factors for long-term complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is high in the KSA. However, none of these studies has focused on the investigation of diabetes mellitus and obesity in Makkah patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity and diabetes mellitus are known to contribute directly or indirectly to the development of long-term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is a serious public health concern all over the world. In KSA obesity is on rise and if proper intervention and preventive strategies were not adopted of obesity will prove fatal. Obesity among type 2 diabetic patients has proven to have adverse effects in management and control of diabetes and a considerable proportion of type 2 diabetic patients have been reported to be obese in different settings, which increase the risk of complications among them.
Aim of the study: To assesment of the prevalence and associated risk factors of obestiy among type II diabetic patients in the primary health care center in Makkah Al-Mukarramah 2019.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at AL-Eskan PHC, among type II diabetic patients and obesity attending in the AL-Eskan PHC Makkah among a random sample of type 2 diabetic and obesity patients registered in the chronic disease clinic. Our total sample size will be 200 patients
. Results:  the majority of our participants were have increase BMI (obese) were constitutes (59.0 %), while normal BMI participants were constitute (40.0 %). the majority of our study are male’s gender in our study was (59.0%). the majority nationality Saudi was (87.0%)
Conclusion: Physical activity probably contains a larger role in promoting health in weighty populations than antecedently thought and should confer substantial reductions in sickness burden. Future analysis might examine prospectively whether or not increase in physical activity in unhealthy weighty adults will cause a healthier standing.