European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Conventional strategies, such as building of dental clinics or, hospitals, or the provision of outreach services by using disposable materials, are neither practical nor effective in rural settings^.(4) Mobile Dental Clinic have been proposed as an alternative strategy to supplement the traditional oral healthcare in many regions. They have usually been utilized in school-based oral health programs, providing dental care to the homeless or migrants, and screening programs for the population for various oral diseases. Due to their high mobility, mobile dental vehicle are particularly valuable for the underserved populations living in rural areas. The advance of dental devices enables mobile dental vehicle to be operated in a self-sufficient manner.  Mobile Dental Vehicle providing a variety of dental treatments, including scaling, restoration, and oral surgery. This article discusses the use of Mobile Dental Vehicle in receiving oral healthcare^.(2) This review highlights the features of a typical mobile dental clinic^.(3)and  confirms  mobile dental system is a viable means providing essential dental service and an effective oral health delivery system, especially in a developing country like India⁽⁴⁾

The field of probiotics is an evolving field. Time has come to shift the paradigm of treatment from specific bacteria elimination to altering bacterial ecology by probiotics. Probiotics are dietary supplements containing potentially beneficial bacteria or yeasts. Probiotics have been found to be beneficial to the host health by improving the endogenous flora. Traditionally, probiotics have been associated with gastrointestinal tract, however recently several investigators have suggested use of probiotics for oral health.

Aim: Purpose of the present research was to assess the co-relation between covid-19 and periodontal disease.
Methodology: A case-control study was conducted amongst 150 participants. Patients who had positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were included in the case group (n = 79), and patients with negative results were included in the control group (n = 71). The periodontal examination involved recording the plaque scores, calculus scores, tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, probing depth, recession, and clinical attachment level (CAL).
Results: Logistic regression analysis showed significant associations of mean plaque scores ≥ 1 (odds ratio (OR), 7.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.83 to 26.94), gingivitis (OR, 17.65; 95% CI, 5.95 to 52.37), mean CAL ≥ 2 mm (OR, 8.46; 95% CI, 3.47 to 20.63), and severe periodontitis (OR, 11.75; 95% CI, 3.89 to 35.49) with COVID-19; these findings were more prevalent in the case group.
Conclusion: Based on the above mentioned observations, it can be concluded that there is an association between periodontitis severity and COVID-19. Gingival bleeding and dental plaque accumulation are also more frequent among COVID-19 patients. Hence, it is essential to maintain periodontal health and good oral hygiene as an important measure for COVID-19 prevention and management.

Background: Motivational Interviewing can be used as a brief intervention to boost
incentive for patients to modify their dental hygiene habits, as well as a framework for
delivering nutrition, smoking cessation, oral health modifications, and alcohol
recommendations. The Chair Side Talk approach is a pre- or post-treatment extension
activity performed by the instructor while the patient is being treated.The goal of this
study is to determine the effectiveness of extending oral health information as well as
motivation using the chairside talk method.
Research methodology: This study employs a one-group quasi experiment approach of
pre- and post-testing. A total of 255 people took part in the study, all of whom went to
the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology's dental O.P.D. on a single day. The
dependent variable was oral health knowledge, and the independent variable was chair
side talk method. Patients were given questionnaires, then counselled and motivated
using the chairside talk method, and at following appointments, the patient was given
another questionnaire. Using the paired t-test for data analysis.
Result: Before counselling only 20% of the subjects knowledge was graded as well, but
after counselling there was improvement in knowledge about oral health as, 81.56%
subjects were graded well, The findings of the paired t-test revealed that chairside talk
counselling was beneficial in enhancing dental health knowledge. The p-value of 0.001
demonstrated this.
Conclusion: Counselling and motivational interviewing of the subjects by chair side talk
method is an effective behaviour change method, which can be utilized in the dental
practice setting.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, quality of life (QoL) is a
subjective assessment of each individual's cultural, social, and environmental factors.
Over 90% of the general population in developed countries has some kind of
periodontal disease (PD), according to national clinical oral epidemiological studies. PD
can also affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). So, the goal of this study
was to see if there was a link between OHRQoL and periodontal health in patients with
moderate periodontitis.
Material and methods: Our study included 250 subjects in age group 20-40 years who
reported to the Department of Periodontology. The study was conducted for a time
duration of 6 months. The study participants were given the OHIP-14 questionnaire on
the day of treatment and asked to fill. OHIP-14 questionnaire rates the impact of their
oral health on 14 key areas of oral health related QOL.
Result: According to findings of this studyPD affect oral health-related quality of life
(OHRQoL).
Conclusion: In patients with mild periodontitis, periodontitis had a negative impact on
QOL. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy and personality development counselling have
the potential to improve patient perceptions of dental health and quality of life.

: Overall health status of an individual is greatly influenced by the oral cavity. Periodontal disease (PDD) and dental caries are the biggest threats to oral health among the various oral diseases. Despite increasing awareness and improvement in oral health, the global epidemiological data suggests that a worldwide prevalence of periodontal disease is 11.2%. It is a complex chronic disease which can lead to chronic inflammation, destruction of tooth supporting structures, and tooth loss in adults. With this background the study was planned to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and perceptions towards oral health among the community in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2151 subjects in Aurangabad district, being the capital of Marathwada region by Rural Health Training Center, Paithan under Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad. The standard pro-forma was designed and house to house survey was conducted over a period of 3 months i.e. from June to August 2021. Mouth mirrors, caries explorers and periodontal probes were used for oral examination with proper aseptic precautions. All the findings were recorded in the data sheet and descriptive statistics and chi-square test were applied using SPSS-17 version. Results: Prevalence of periodontal disease in the present study was found to be 31.06%. It was observed that various factors act as predicators for periodontal disease. Conclusion: For reducing the disease Burdon and its impact on the community, school and community based oral health awareness programs should be implemented.

Pregnancyisatransitoryphysiologicalstatewhichcarriesdifferenthormonalchangesinawoman’sbody.Theseeffectsaregeneralizedandincludingvariousoralchangesaswell.Thereareamanyimportantalterations in the periodontal conditions within the oral cavity. These changes have significant consequences as theyhavebeenknowntocausenegativepregnancyoutcomes.Betterknowledgeaboutthesescenariosamonghealthcare professionals and women would go a long way toward avoiding or minimizing these adverse outcomes.Healtheducationisanimportanttoolincreatingawarenessamongpregnantwomenregardingimprovementoftheiroralhealth.Awarenessamongthehealthprofessionalsandgoodinter-departmentalcollaborationwouldhelptowardamoreefficienttreatmentofthesepregnanciesrelatedconditions

Background: Oral health maintenance is indispensable for the upkeep of overall health, and a close association has been found between oral diseases and several systemic conditions.
Aims and objectives: To assess the status of awareness of link between oral health and systemic health among undergraduate dental and medical students.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was performed using a standardized questionnaire, wherein 20 questions were asked related to oral hygiene care, practice done and association of potential link between oral and various other systemic diseases like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis. A total of 300 subjects were randomly selected for the study, wherein 150 were third and final year medical students and the other 150 third and final year dental students.
Results: Dental students had more number of mean positive responses and less negative responses in comparison to their medical counterparts, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Thereby, it is perceptible that dental students had more awareness with respect to the link between oral and systemic health. Moreover, it was also noted from the responses of the first six questions that dental students had better oral health behavior, knowledge and status than the medical students.
Conclusion: Our study shed some light on the lacunae that exists in the inter-field (medical and dental) training from the undergraduate level which can be rectified by modifying the regulations.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common congenital defects, present at birth, it can affect the walls, valves or the great vessels of the heart. CHD considered to be among the most common malformations in newborn infants with an incidence of 8 out of 1000 live births worldwide. Children with congenital disease certainly need special health care. Healthy teeth and gums are important for everyone, especially for children with heart conditions. Providing children with dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in particular during the increased social restrictions, can be a challenging task. The purpose of writing this systematic review is to examine about oral health condition and dental care in children with congenital heart disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data source of Pubmed, published from 2011-2021. After eliminating duplicated articles, the titles and abstracts of each article were analyzed across 119 articles resulting in 86 articles being excluded. The full-text articles in the remaining 33 articles were re-analyzed and excluded 23 articles and produced 10 articles which were then entered into the analysis. Based on this systematic review shows that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have poor oral health. Education and disease awareness about and prevention of dental illnesses have to be guided and steered by the parents. The role of dentists and pediatricians is very important in this case. Providing children with dental care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and in particular during the increased social restrictions, can be a challenging task.

Background : The current pocket money trends in school children is steeply increasing. Pocket money accessed by the children has a direct influence on eating habit leading to bitter consequences on their oral hygiene. This trend turns out to be a risk factor for dental caries.
Objective : The aim of the study was to find the relationship between pocket money trend and dental caries in school going children.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was carried among 200 school children of age 8 to 13 from two selected urban area schools of Ahmedabad. Informed consent was obtained from the respective school Principals and also verbal consent was taken from each participating child. Questionnaire used to collect relevant data required for the study was pretested and validated. The questionnaire form was given to each child to fill it and simultaneously oral examination using mouth mirror and explorer was carried by trained dentist according to WHO standard criteria. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. The chi-square test was used to study the relationship between variables and compare means. Correlation analysis was used to determine the degree of association at 5% level of significance.
Results :A strong positive correlation (r=0.9925)was seen between pocket money and caries. The results showed that 89% of children received pocket money among which 63% children had dental caries.
Conclusion : This study concluded that children receiving allowances could be a potential risk indicator of caries.

Dental care of geriatric patients is challenging due to the systemic diseases as well as the changes occurring in oral tissues with age. The main goals of geriatric dentistry are timely diagnosis and treatment of such patients so as to maintain their oral and general health. The elderly patients must be motivated and educated with the ways of preventive dental care.

Aim: Purpose of our study was analyse the status of oral hygiene in patients using various oral hygiene aids apart from normal mechanical tooth brushing.
Methodology: 40 patients were divided into groups of four with 10 individuals in each group. Control group where only regular tooth brushing was undertaken was compared with other groups where apart from regular tooth brushing, use of mouthwashes, tongue cleaners, as well as interdental aids were encouraged for 3 months and regular oral examinations were carried at 1-month intervals. Plaque index as well as gingival index scores were calculated for each patient and the data was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis as well as comparative analysis using SPSS 25.0.
Results: Significant difference was observed in plaque scores (p=0.04) after 3 months of usage of combined oral hygiene techniques and similar improved scores were observed in gingival index as less bleeding on probing was evident in the patients (p=0.043).
Conclusion: It was evident that combined adjunctive methods helped improve general oral health as well as prevented further occurrence of gingival as well as periodontal diseases.

The current outburst of the coronavirus strain 2019 (COVID-19) represents a public health emergency of global distress. Because of the community spread outline of this infection, the outburst is still on a rise in spite of global efforts to control the disease spread. The appearance of coronavirus in today’s life brought so many restrictions in daily life. It appears as life has stuck and limited. Dentistry is the field of medicine which has suffered a lot. The present article highlighted various challenges and effect of coronavirus on oral health and its implication

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal diseases and treatment needs in patients visiting, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj.
Methodology: In our study, 400 patients were included within the age group of 15 to 60 years. Using the CPITN index, the status of periodontium as well as treatment needs was recorded. The data was subjected to statistical analysis using frequency calculation. Pearson Chi-square test was used to measure the significance.
Results: mAs far as CPITN score was concerned, in the age group of 30-40 years of age group, maximum score was Code 2 (calculus deposition) whereas in comparison age group 40-50 years had Code 3 (shallow pockets) and 50-60 years had Code 4 (Deep pockets). There was an increasing shift of this percentage as the older age group was approached. In case of age group of 40-50 years, around 34.3% of participants were in need of complex periodontal treatment. This trend was increased for the age group of 50-60 years (54.1%).
Conclusion: We observed that as the age advanced the CPTIN score increased as well as treatment needs in relation to complex treatment strategy also augmented. It is essential to know the importance of the treatment needs of patients so that proper age based therapy can be carried out.

Background:Oral lesions and pathologies are increasingly affecting significant patient population due to inadequate dietary habits and adaptation of western culture (changing lifestyle conditions). Hence; the present study was undertake for assessing the association between oral health and hygiene practices and oral cancer.
Materials & methods:A total of 200 patients with confirmed histopathologic diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 200 healthy controls were enrolled. Complete demographic details of all the patients were recorded separately. A questionnaire was made and detailed data in relation to subject’s oral hygiene practices was recorded. Mouth mirror and probe was used for assessing the oral health status. Periodontal index and plaque index were used for evaluating the periodontal status.
Results:Presence of gum bleeding and periodontal pathologies weresignificant risk factor for occurrence of OSCC. Seventy six patients of the OSCC group and 134 patients of the control group did mouth wash daily. Thirty four patients of the OSCC group and 147 patients of the control group had complete dental check up every six months.
Conclusion:A strong association exists between oral health and oral hygiene practices and occurrence of oral cancer.

Green tea becomes one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide, because of its many scientifically proven advantageous effects on human health it has gained attention in recent years . which is also rich in health-promoting flavonoids account 30% of the dry weight of a leaf, includes catechins and their derivatives. Several studies has proved that green tea catechins, such as epigallocatechin gallate, prevent growth of periodontal pathogens and decrease the destruction of periodontal tissue.

Eating a variety of foods rich in nutrients from all the food groups promotes healthy teeth and gums. This means eating a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, protein drinks, drinks high in calcium and whole grains for a healthy smile and a healthy body. The aim of the present study is to find out whether the dental students are aware about the various diets for detoxifications and maintenance of oral health. A cross-sectional survey based study was conducted among the dental students on the various diets for detoxification and maintenance of oral health. The questionnaire was distributed through the “Google forms” website to around 100 Dental students. 79% were aware of the various diets taken for detoxification and maintenance of oral health. 83% thought that there is a link between oral health and oral health conditions. This study concludes that the dental students were aware about the various diets for detoxification and maintenance of oral health

Eating disorders (ED) represent a severe form of mental illness which poses a treatment challenge when ignored. ED is known to affect more than 13% of adolescent children and young adults. It is found to influence psychological and physical states, thereby affecting interpersonal relationships and social behaviour. The disease presentation may result in mild conditions such as chronic malnutrition, decrease in bone mineral density, gastritis to suicidal behaviour. Since there are some convergent factors that could bring about a connection between ED and oral health, a dentist will be the right person to provide early diagnosis of this condition. Hence the prompt diagnosis of the condition and early intervention. Several studies have provided strong evidence that individuals suffering from ED present with poor health when compared to non-ED individuals. The present mini review highlights the fact as to how eating disorders influence dental health and management of the same to help patients to get away from the illness.

ABSTRACT:
School teachers play a vital role in the overall development of achild.With proper knowledge on oral health and related practices they can instill good oral hygiene practices and related behaviours from a very early age. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of school teachers in educating school children regarding oral health.A questionnaire consisted of 15 questions on oral health’s knowledge,attitude and practice were formulated and distributed among school teachers.The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and chi square tests were done between knowledge and gender,attitude and gender and practice and gender.The results were formulated in tables and graphs.The results showed that 85% of school teachers had good knowledge,95% had positive attitude and 66% had good practice regarding oral health.The study concludes that school teachers had adequate knowledge and positive attitude in educating school children regarding oral health.

Of the several pathologies that affect the oral cavity, malocclusion is the third most important problem in the world population. It not only affects the appearance but also affects the periodontal health. The aim of the study was to assess the association between periodontal health and different angle’s malocclusion. This retrospective study was conducted among outpatients reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai from June 2019 to March 2020. The study consisted of 300 patients (50 patients in each group). Patients were segregated into six groups based on Angle’s classification (Group 1: Class I; Group 2: Class II division 1; Group 3: Class II division 2; Group 4: Class II subdivision; Group 5: Class III; Group 6: Class III subdivision). The type of molar relationship was then correlated with the periodontal status. Out of 300 patients, the prevalence of gingivitis (92%) was higher among Class II subdivision patients and the prevalence of periodontitis (22%) was higher among Class II division patients. Also, the correlation between different types of malocclusion and periodontal health was assessed and found to be statistically not significant (p=0.306).