Cardiovascular diseases include coronary and peripheral arteries increase every year. Estimated mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases is up to 23.3 million in 2030 and more than 2 million patients will need hemodialysis access in 2030. Gold standard of vascular graft for bypass surgery is autologous artery or vein but sometimes unavailable. Because of limited availability, researchers encourage to search for another vascular graft in biological graft which has characteristics as good as autograft. This study aims to determine which one is better between bovine mesenteric artery and vein as xenograft by comparing each patency. We performed an in vivo test evaluating the patency of mesenteric artery compared to mesenteric vein as xenograft for four weeks. Each group, both artery and vein, consists of 16 grafts implanted in New Zealand rabbit carotid artery. Xenograft patency was evaluated by observing histopathology of intimal layer thickness, thrombosis events, amount of graft stenosis and number needed to treat (NNT). The result showed a statistically significant increasing in the thickness of the tunica intima of both groups. There was no histopathologic thrombus in the arterial and venous groups. Stenosis in the arterial and venous groups was 12.5% and 50% with an NNT value of 3. The conclusion was bovine mesenteric artery xenograft had better patency than bovine mesenteric vein xenograft.