Global discussion about genetically modified (GM) crops has been intense. Some contend that GM crops offer potential solutions to the world's food poverty, while others express worries about the dangers GM crops pose to the environment and human health. This abstract focuses on how GM crops affect small-scale farmers in developing nations on an economic and social level. Small-scale farmers confront many difficulties in developing nations, such as restricted access to markets, capital, and technology. By boosting yields and decreasing crop losses from pests and diseases, GM crops have the potential to alleviate some of these issues. Yet, because they are expensive and have limited access to technology and information, GM crops have not been widely adopted in many underdeveloped nations. GM crops have conflicting economic effects on small-scale farmers in developing nations, according to research. While some studies show greater revenue, higher yields, and a decrease in pesticide use, others show a negative impact on income and an increase in reliance on chemical and seed inputs. Modifications to farming methods, seed systems, and culinary customs are some of the social effects of GM crops.