The world witnessed a decade long (1966-1976) tumultuous mass movement known as ‘the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution’ in China under the guidance of Mao. Its aim, as claimed, was to ‘prevent the restoration of capitalism’ by revolutionizing people’s thinking to realize the communist goal of classless society. Although it took place more than four decades ago, debates still continue regarding its aims, principles and practices and achievements and the damages it caused. The controversy revolves around the issues of its total acceptance as a remedy to the evils of capitalism to the denunciation as a source of disaster. Instead of deifying or demonizing the Cultural Revolution, this article attempts to explore what it actually wanted to accomplish and what strategies and measures were employed to materialize these aims. For this purpose it uses the documents published by of the Communist Party of China during that period as the primary sources and judges them on the basis of Marxist socialist principles. The paper reaches to the conclusion that the Cultural Revolution adopted principles, policies and methods which accords with Marxism