Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress. By using SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells as a model, we assessed that pesticide containing carbamates as an active group targets mitochondria and responsible for oxidative cell death. Our results showed that when SHSY5Y cells were exposed in time dependant manner with carbamates compound, cell death and mitochondrial SOD enzyme level were increased. However, there was no change in the level of cytosolic SOD1 enzyme was observed in time dependant manner in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings revealed that the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y is linked with mitochondrial SOD2 induced by carbamates pesticide. These data also indicate that mitochondria are important early targets of carbamate-induced oxidative neurotoxicity.