Background: The article presents the results of a medical and psychological assessment of the attitude of a professional group of doctors to infected patients in the educational environment of the university. Methodology: The study was conducted in the categorical field of the sociology of medicine using the methodology of sociological survey and data analysis of the review of special literature sources on the problem of infection with COVID-19. Junior students of a medical university acted as a model group (N = 280, average age 19.2 ± 1.2 years; girls and boys were taken on an equal footing). Results: The results can be extrapolated to the situation of infection with COVID-19, research materials can be recommended for inclusion in the methodological base for the provision of psychological assistance to patients with infectious diseases, as well as optimizing the sociopsychological support of professional education of medical specialists. Conclusion: The observed difficult epidemiological situation in Russia and in the world caused by COVID-19 showed the high importance of the professional attitude of doctors to infected patients, based on empathy, compassion and psychological support.