Background: Anemia of newborns is a worldwide health concern. Since neonatal anemia is associated with late neurological deficits, and is a leading cause of the risk of perinatal mortality and requires urgent attention. Standard hemoglobin level for a term newborn is 19.3±2.2 g/dL. Anemia of the newborns can be physiological,owing to excessive blood loss, increased destruction of RBCor decreased production of RBC. Newborn babies with anemia are pale, and may have tachypnea, tachycardia, poor feeding, and hypotension with acute blood loss and jaundice when there is hemolysis of RBC. Hemoglobin concentration is the best tool, for the diagnosis of anemia in Newborns. The treatment depends on the underlying cause; Newborns, who have rapidly lost large amounts of blood are treated with I/V fluids followed by blood transfusion,reducing the blood loss due to repeated phlebotomy and blood extraction for investigations may reduce the need of blood transfusion. Other treatments are Autologous Placental Blood Transfusion, Erythropoietin therapy, and Nutritional Supplementation.