OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and association of psychosocial concomitants with dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children aged 3-18 years in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. STUDY DESIGN: This observational study was conducted among children aged 3-18years who visited the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry at Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow. A clearance for the study was obtained by the Institutional Research Committee. DFA levels for prevalence were assessed using Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Psychosocial concomitants were recorded with the help of semi structured designed questionnaires separately for patients and parents by the psychologist. It dealt with socioeconomic factors, family situation, medical and psychosocial history, child’s daily life, adjustments and interactions. Parent’s questionnaire included the reason for visit, awareness about milk teeth, brushing schedule, family living style (nuclear or joint, number of children, education and occupation of parents). Obtained answers from the questionnaire were graded using the semantic scale and some with the dichotomized answers (yes or no). RESULTS: The prevalence of DFA according to CFSS-DS was 57.5% in children aged 3-18 years. A significant correlations of DFA was seen with the age groups (p=<0.001), child’s feeling in hospital (p=<0.001) and after seeing dentist (p=<0.001), parental dental anxiety (p=0.001), reason for dental visit (p=0.001), parent’s awareness about milk teeth and family style (p=0.016). DFA showed no association with socio economic status (SES), gender and number of children in the study. CONCLUSION: Pre treatment assessment of psychological factors related with DFA helps in customizing the behaviour and dental treatment in the best possible manner in the pediatric patients.