To compare obturation quality between Hand K-files and Rotary Pedoflex files in primary mandibular molars. Materials and methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed, recruiting participants with pulpally involved primary mandibular molars requiring pulpectomy in the age group of 4-8 years. Forty primary mandibular molars were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group I: 20 teeth were instrumented using hand K-files; Group II: 20 teeth were instrumented with rotary pedoflex files. A post obturation radiograph was taken to assess the quality of obturation. The obturation quality was graded as under fill, optimal fill, over fill. Result: In Group 1 (Hand K files): 55 % of the canals were optimally filled; 30% and 15% were under and over filled, respectively. In Group 2 (Rotary Pedoflex file): 85% of the canals were optimally filled; 10% were under and 5% were over filled each. Results of unpaired t-test comparing the obturation quality between the two groups reveal a statistically significant result of rotary pedoflex files showing better obturation quality as compared to K hand files (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Authors found that rotary pedoflex file was better in terms of obturation quality as compared to Hand K files.