Introduction: The morphology of temporomandibular joint varies among individuals and the most important factor that could affect its shape is functional load impacted on it. This depends on the closed association between the morphology and function which demonstrates that presumed differences in condyle-fossa position and morphology among subjects vary with different types of malocclusion. The objective of this literature review is to determine the temporomandibular joint characteristics in response to orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A web-based search was carried out using electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct and Google scholar between the year 2007 to 2017 with a focus on longitudinal studies, Prospective, Casecontrol, Retrospective and Randomized Controlled Trials. Results: 60 studies were searched in which 21 articles have been selected based on inclusion criteria. Among these studies, 2 were randomized controlled trials, 15 were prospective longitudinal studies without randomization and 4 were retrospective studies. Conclusions: After a detailed review of the studies found in the latest literature, it has been concluded that association between different types of orthodontic treatment and the development of TMD signs and symptoms could not be established. There is no evidence for a direct cause-effect relationship between the orthodontic treatment and TMD.