Background: In 2005 the Government of India launched Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), an integral component of National Rural Health Mission (since 2013 the program has been called the National Health Mission), by modifying existing National Maternity Benefit Scheme which provides cash incentives to pregnant mothers and Accredited Social Health Activists to reduce maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional delivery. Methodology: The study has been developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis- Protocol’ (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The search was limited to only English literature including those studies which were published after the initiation of JSY schemes in NRHM (April 2005). Search was undertaken in Electronic searches such as PubMed, Research Gate and Google Scholar for collecting and collating related information. Result: This search yielded total of 1954 articles. Out which only 31 were relevant to the topic concerned. Full text papers of 90 eligible studies were reviewed after the first step screening. Ultimately, 31 articles were found eligible for this systematic review. Out of this, 4 studies had a comparison group and the remaining were without a comparison group. Evidence on effectiveness of JSY in terms of related outcomes is presented through narrative synthesis. Conclusion: This study helps us drawing conclusions based on best available evidence for effectiveness of Janani Suraksha Yojna Scheme (one of the largest Conditional Cash Transfer scheme in the world) in achieving its primary objective of increasing institutional deliveries. Studies included were reviewed so efficiently to integrate existing information and provide data for rational decision making to improve maternal mortality and infant mortality.