Endodontic emergencies usually result from inflammatory reactions in pulpal or periapical tissues. They constitute a major part of all dental emergencies 1,2 and require immediate diagnosis and treatment. In general, emergencies are unscheduled visits by patients in severe pain, under emotional distress and seeking immediate relief. Although the endodontic emergency is disruptive and often inconvenient, proper management is satisfying to the dentist and much appreciated by the patient; improper treatment is frustrating and stressful