Online ISSN: 2515-8260

“ EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT LABORATORY MODALITIES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF CLINICALLY SUSPECTED CASES OF DENGUE FEVER IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AHMEDABAD INDIA”

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Dr. Falguni V. Patel, Dr. Shailja Bhumbhani, Dr. Astha Patel, Dr. Urvesh V. Shah

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease. Its cases are increasing in India year by year with an increasing mortality rate. Hence, prompt and accurate diagnosis is necessary to prevent morbidity and mortality. The early diagnosis of dengue is necessary for identifying an epidemic and also for implementing effective vector control measures. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to evaluate different laboratory methods like NS1 ELISA, IgM ELISA & dengue RT-PCR for early diagnosis of dengue infection. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, from June 2022 to May 2023. In this study, we enrolled 605 clinically suspected cases of dengue. All the samples were processed by either NS1 ELISA or IgM ELISA. Detection of DEN viral RNA was performed on all samples positive by at least one of the two methods and samples from the rest of the patients with a history of ≤ 5 days of fever. Results: Out of 605 clinically suspected dengue cases, 186 were confirmed cases either positive by RT-PCR, NS1 ELISA, or IgM ELISA. Among all the 186 cases, 126 were positive by RT-PCR, 110 were positive by NS1 antigen ELISA, and 72 were positive by IgM antibody capture ELISA. Conclusion: Both NS1 and RT-PCR are useful for early dengue diagnosis, although in terms of cost, ease of performance, sensitivity, and rapidity, NS1 is superior to RT-PCR. NS1 in combination with IgM offers the most sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic modality for the detection of acute and late phase of dengue fever.

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