Immunodeficiency is the failure of immune system, which normally plays a protective role against infections, manifests by occurance of repeated infections in an individual. It is of two types primary (Congenital) and secondary (or acquired) immunodeficiency. 1 Immunity in Ayurveda is known by the word Vyadikshamathva2 . Bala (Strength) and Ojas (Essence of all Dhatus [tissue elements])are used as synonyms for Vyadhikshamatava (Immunity) and Vyadhikshamatava depends on the maintenance of equilibrium state of Dhatus. It is mentioned that Bala, Arogya (Health), Ayu (Longevity) and Prana (Vital breath) are dependent on the state of Agni (Digestive Power), that burns when fed by the fuel of food and dwindles when deprived of them3 i.e Malnutrition which leads to DhatuKshaya (Tissue Depletion) results in decrease in Ojas which can be called as Immunodeficiency. Likewise Bala (Immunity/Strength) depends on BalavatPurushe(Birth from naturally strong parents),BalvatDesheJanma (Birth in a geographical region where people are naturally strong), BalavatPurushe Kale (Birth at a time when people naturally gain strength) etc4 . Imbalance in any one of these above mentioned factors can leads to immunodeficiency. Intake of DushtStanyacan be a cause of low immunity in infants.The present review critically examines the available literatures to evaluate the concepts of etiological factors responsible for low immunity (Immunodeficiency) in children.