Introduction: globally there is an increase of Type 1 diabetes among children. Poorly controlled Type1 diabetes is associated with the complication. Although medication adherence is important for diabetic children to prevent disease-related complications and improve quality of life, the rate of children adherence to therapeutic regimen is somewhat disturbing. Hence, this study aimed to assess factors affecting adherence toward therapeutic regimen among children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Design: Descriptive exploratory design. Setting: This study was conducted at Diabetic Outpatient Clinic in Children's Hospital. Sampling: A purposive sample comprised of 200 children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.