Abstract: We examined the data of appeals to outpatient clinics in order to detect the incidence of pneumonia in children in areas with different intensities of pesticide usage. It was found that in the areas of intensive usage of pesticides (cotton growing area) in children aged 0-4 years, acute pneumonia is recorded 3-5 times more often than in the zone of limited usage of pesticides (livestock area). The static differences are significant. The prevalence of acute pneumonia among girls is 7–20% higher than among boys. The highest level of respiratory diseases is found at the age of 1 to 4 years. With the increase in the territorial burden of pesticides, the level of perinatal pathology and the number of premature infants increase. The data confirm that acute pneumonia and other respiratory diseases are more common in the cotton growing area than in the livestock one. However, the study of the regional characteristics of the incidence of children has established that in the general structure of the respiratory diseases, pneumonia occupies the first place.