This paper presents hospital management system and economics in historical perspective. Hospital services in Indonesia began since the beginning of the VereenigdeOostindischeCompagnie (VOC) existence in the third decade of the XVII century as an integral part of the VOC's own effort. The construction of the hospital was an effort to overcome the problems faced by long voyages, namely from Europe to Indonesia and it was not supported by good medical facility, climatic adaptation, and the inability to adapt and overcame tropical disease. The history of hospital in Indonesia cannot be separated from the development of Western medical science in Asia since 1649, when a surgeon named Caspar Schamberger was in Edo (currently Tokyo) to teach surgery toward the Japanese. This period was the beginning of the shift from the Traditional Remedy based on Chinese system in Asia and changed to the Dutch system. This diversion was slow. It is noteworthy that Western health services were often reserved for aristocratic families. In the early days of hospital in Indonesia were exclusively reserved for European. Only later non-Europeans worked with VOC then they have the opportunity to use the hospital but with different location, facility and service. Meanwhile, the Chinese were exclusively led by VOC regulations and by the Dutch East Indies Government to establish their own hospital so traditional Chinese science and medicine were implemented without any western therapeutic and pharmacological influence.