Mandibular second premolars are one of the most complex among detention in humans. They often present with several patterns of complexities. It also varies based on age, sex, race etc. In the present study by a retrospective manner, we have assessed the occurrence of number of canals in mandibular second premolars in South Indian Population. Case records of 86,000 patients availing treatment at Saveetha Dental College between June 2019 and March 2020 were analysed, and the required data was extracted. 550 teeth were chosen for the study. Statistical analysis of the extracted data was done using SPSS software (SPSS Version 23.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) Graphs were derived. Correlations were made based on gender of the patients and type of tooth.Within the limits of the study the occurrence of more than one canal was more prevalent in females(11%) as compared to males(9%) in the south indian population.(P<0.05). Also the occurrence of a single canal was more prevalent in 45(44%) as compared to 35(40%)(P>0.05). More correlations can be studied by doing similar studies in larger populations and studies can be done based on geographical location and races.