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Potential Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Extract from Peelings of Common Local Fruits: An In-Vitro Analysis

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Laarni M. Villanueva-Magsombol1 and Carina R. Magbojos-Magtibay1*

Abstract

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the potential synergistic antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract from peelings of Philippines’ common local fruits, namely, orange, mango, and papaya. Peelings from these local fruits were properly washed, dried and powdered. Extracts from the peelings were obtained using methanol as the solvent, concentrated in a rotary evaporator set and were finally reconstituted in 20% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO).The preliminary determination of antimicrobial effect of the individual fruit peelings was tested using plate count method. A two-fold dilution of the individual formulated extracts were done and combined, after which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolates were determined. MIC results of the mango extract showed best antimicrobial effect, which worked at a minimum concentration of 6.25mg/ml on both isolates. This was confirmed by the MBC, which showed the absence of growth of viable microorganisms after 24-hour incubation on nutrient agar. Orange and papaya were found effective against S. aureus at a minimum concentration of 50mg/mL. However, these extracts did not demonstrate individual antibacterial activity against E. coli. The combination of mango and papaya was the most effective among the three sets of extracts used in the synergistic antibacterial activity. It was found to be effective against E. coli at a minimum concentration of 6.25mg/mL and against S. aureus at 25-100mg/mL. Other combination of extracts such as orange-mango and orange-papaya exhibited synergistic antibacterial activity at higher concentrations. Moreover, orange and mango combination had a better synergistic activity against E. coli than S.aureus while orange and papaya if combined has greater synergistic activity against S. aureus than E. coli. From this study, it can be concluded that the combination of the extracts of mango and papaya has a more potential synergistic antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.

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