Transient ischemic attack (TIA), being a precursor of stroke, increases the risk of its development up to 30%, low awareness of the population about the symptoms of TIA, can cause late hospitalization of patients with its development and thereby contribute to the occurrence of stroke and reduce the effectiveness of treatment. The use of the ABCD2 scale (age, arterial hypertension, presence of paresis and aphasia, duration of symptoms more than 60 minutes, diabetes mellitus), which is simple in practical use, can be of prognostic value for hospitalization of these patients. It is necessary to start secondary prevention of stroke as early as possible the issue of choosing modern methods of prevention and treatment of patients with TIA, the choice of the optimal method of surgical treatment of patients with carotid artery stenosis is currently not completely resolved.