Online ISSN: 2515-8260

Study of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Pyodermas: an original research article

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Saumya Sankhwar1 , Ashish Singh

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the frequency of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates from the cases of primay and secondary pyodermas and the biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pyodermas. INTRODUCTION: Pyodermas are one of the most commonly encountered dermatological problem that can have different presentations.They can broadly be classified into two types: Primary pyodermas and Secondary pyodermas. Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive cocci, the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections worldwide, can acquire resistance to antibiotics. In Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistance arises from the mecA gene, produces an altered penicillin binding protein (PBP 2a) with a lower affinity for beta lactam group. MRSA is classified into two types, community-acquired (CA-MRSA) and hospital-acquired (HA-MRSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with pyodermas, who attended the Dermatology and Venereology services of a tertiary care hospital from February 2016 to December 2016 were included in the study. Sample: Fine needle aspirates (whenever possible) or sterile swabs from the pyoderma lesions. Storage: stored at room temperature and were sent to the Microbiology laboratory within 4 hours. Procedure: For isolation of S. aureus, the obtained sample was cultured and incubated on 5 % Sheep blood Agar and MacConkey agar followed by gram staining and biochemical reactions. MRSA detection was done using Cefoxitin disc (30μg) diffusion method and oxacillin screen agar method The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Institute (CLSI 2016 M100- S24) guidelines against selective drugs. RESULTS: A total of 178 samples of pyoderma were collected and sent for pus culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing to the microbiology laboratory.109 samples yielded S. aureus. Out of which 22 were MRSA. Out of 109 S. aureus isolates, biofilm formation was seen for the 59 isolates, all of them were biofilm formers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MRSA from pyoderma samples was found to be quite high and this may be attributed to over-the-counter/ irrational use of antibiotics esp. an increased resistance to those antibiotics which were once very effective. Resistance was not seen to those antibiotics which are usually prescribed in a hospital setting or are not over-thecounter available .

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